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Green nanotechnology provides tools for the transformation of biological systems toward safe and cost-effective approaches of nanomaterial synthesis for biomedical applications. The aim of the current investigation was to mycosynthesis of functional platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) by Penicillium pinophilum cell-free filtrate using hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV) hexahydrate (H2PtCl6) as substrate. The UV–Visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, TGA–DSC and GC–MS were used to characterize the mycosynthesized PtNPs. UV–visible spectrum of mycosynthesized PtNPs showed maximum absorption peak at 263 nm. The band gap energy of the PtNPs was estimated as 3.78 eV. TEM showed the PtNPs in different shapes with the size ranged from 2 to 25 nm. DLS demonstrated the size range of 2–30 nm for synthesized PtNPs. A zeta potential of − 43.0 ± 1.0 mV with a single peak was recorded for PtNPs. The XRD peaks 40.3, 46.8 and 68.2 with the plane of platinum crystals (111), (200), and (220) were identified indicating that the PtNPs were face-centered, cubic, and crystalline in nature. Mycosynthesized PtNPs were analyzed by simultaneous TGA–DSC showed thermal stability for PtNPs. The FTIR results showed the presence of some bio-molecules in fungal cell-free filtrate as possible bio-reducing and capping agent of PtNPs. GC–MS analysis of fungal cell-free filtrate showed 10 peaks representative of related compounds. The mycosynthesized PtNPs displayed antimicrobial activity (8.1 ± 0.8 to 24.3 ± 0.8 mm) against various important fungal and bacteria pathogens. They were toxic for cancer cell-line HepG-2 at IC50 value of 184.07 μg/ml. Microscopy images showed morphological changes and reduction of cancer cells populations in PtNPs-treated cell-line. Altogether, our results demonstrated for the first time the green synthesis of PtNPs using Penicillium pinophilum. Synthesized PtNPs were not only active against fungal and bacteria pathogens, but also they showed strong cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell-line HepG-2. Thus, they may be considered as promising chemotherapeutics to combat malignancies and overcome life-threatening infections arisen from multidrug resistant fungi and bacteria in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, FeNPs were mycosynthesized by extract of fungus Aspergillus terreus GS28. The mycosynthesized FeNPs were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and particle size analyzer. The biofabricated FeNPs were positively charged and their size varied from 20 to 60 nm as found in different investigations. The biological originated materials (phenolic component, protein, and amino acids) are associated with FeNPs for capping the nanoparticles. The mycosynthesized FeNPs showed excellent adsorption capacity for CR (48.7 mg/g) and DB-1 (38.0 mg/g) with a removal efficiency of 97.5 and 77.1%, respectively, at 100 mg/L of CR/DB-1, pH 7.0, 30 °C, 2 g/L concentration of FeNPs, 240 min, and shaking condition of 120 rpm. FeNPs also exhibited high dye removal performance under the presence of selective ions such as Na+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and NH4+. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted with the adsorption of DB-1 and CR. The multilayer layer adsorption was dominated in CR removal and the adsorption data well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model while, DB-1 adsorption happened through monolayer adsorption on FeNPs and DB-1 adsorption data was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, and Fe–O interaction are the principle mechanism that deals with CR and DB-1 adsorption. Thus, mycosynthesized FeNPs has potential for adsorptive removal DB-1 and CR and can be used for large scale application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated that, myco-synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the aqueous extract of button mushroom (Agarius bisporus) as a reducing agent. The nanoparticle formation was evaluated by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Anti-corrosion against copper metal was studied in the occurrence of a highly corrosive aerobic bacterium B. thuringiensis EN2, Terribacillus aidingensis EN3, and Bacillus oleronius EN respectively. The results reveal that mixed consortium forms a thick biofilm on the metal surface and the weight loss (WL) was significantly increased to 0.041 ± 2 g when compared to abiotic system (0.014 ± 1 g). In contrast, inhibitor system WL was reduced about 0.004 ± 1 g than biotic system. For further confirmation of the above results, Surface analysis and EIS result revealed that the ZnONPs has inhibited the corrosive bacterial biofilm. This is the first description disclosing the application of myco-synthesized ZnONPs as effective anti-corrosive inhibitors against microbial influenced corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]