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Rahim, A.; Soeprobowati, T.R.; Putranto, T.T.; Hadiyanto, H., and Alfalah, M.H., 2024. Investigating the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove ecosystems: A bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 768–778. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Mangroves are essential to the stability of coastal regions, especially when facing the threat of climate change. However, deforestation, land use changes, and rising sea levels destroy mangrove forests. Based on bibliometric analysis, this paper aims to gain insight into the impact of climate and land use changes on mangroves. By searching Scopus, 534 pieces of literature from 2013 to 2023 were found, and they were analyzed based on bibliometric information and article metadata. Trends and hotspots of the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove research were explored using VOSviewer software. The results of a network co-occurrence analysis revealed that mangroves, climate change, land use change, blue carbon, and wetlands represent the most popular central areas of study. The results of this paper show that the countries with the greatest number of publications on mangroves and climate and land use changes are the United States, Australia, India, Indonesia, and China. The research findings revealed that remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are the most recently used technologies to enhance the research field of ecosystem monitoring in mangrove research. Maintaining and increasing carbon sinks through sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems have been a potential priority in climate change and mangrove ecosystem research development. This research highlights trends in the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove ecosystem research over the past 10 years. It identifies areas that require further research investment to promote future research collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skinner, W.K., 2024. Coastal hazard assessment from multidecadal profile response incorporating climate patterns and sea-level rise. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(3), 511–526. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. A new method for coastal hazard assessment is described and demonstrated by reference to a 40-year cross-shore profile record in Papamoa, New Zealand. It is based on a mathematical interpretation of the envelope within which long-term historic cross-shore profiles vary and from which, for the required assessment period, the statistically significant fully accreted-state and fully eroded-state profiles can be determined. The Monte Carlo method is used to derive stochastic outcomes for long-term trend (LTT) and sea-level rise (SLR) on the basis of correlations with, and a long term proxy for, a decadal-scale climate pattern, which in the example case is the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Sediment volumes for short-term fluctuation and the LTT are determined and conserved to reflect a consistent wave climate over the assessment period when appraising the effect of SLR. Dune biomass is accounted for when determining erosion scarp stability and hence the final extent of the current and future hazard zones. Results are presented in schematic form as excursions relative to a land benchmark and also as full end-state profiles extending from the dune backshore to the closure depth, with the latter determined by bar volume and profile. Various scenarios are appraised, including those that incorporate SLR predictions of the climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The relative risk of various scenarios is benchmarked to the probalistic expected outcome to produce a risk-based, site-specific assessment of coastal hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the papers published in this Special Issue « Coastal Evolution under Climate Change along the Tropical Overseas and Temperate Metropolitan France» of Journal of Coastal Research. This special issue reflects the large diversity of mainland and tropical French coast and highlights the complex, site- and timescale-specific, combination of factors driving coastal evolution. Many contributions reveal a strong climate control on storm wave activity and, in turn, coastal response. In some contributions, the inherited geology and anthropogenic factors clearly appear affect coastal change. This special issue emphasises the need to monitor the coast combining different means to improve our understanding and predicting capacities of the natural variability of coastal response in a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 25 to 27 April 2023, the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) hosted again the Coasts, Marine Structures, and Breakwaters conference (CMSB)—or Breakwaters for short, as it is sometimes named—at the Marriott Hotel in Portsmouth, UK. The CMSB conference series, held by the ICE for more than 30 years, is one of the leading international forums for the presentation of the latest developments in coastal and maritime engineering. Its previous edition, already the 11th conference in the series, took place in Liverpool from the 5 to 7 September 2017, and set the bar once again very high for its successor. The conference focused on the latest developments across maritime engineering topics from coasts to ports and waterfronts to breakwaters, while concentrating on the full spectrum of research, study, design, construction, and operations. In view of the ever-increasing attention on climate change, an additional spotlight was also placed on how resilience and adaptability are being addressed by the maritime sector. This communication reports on the 2023 CMSB conference, some of the insights and impressions gathered at the conference by the author, and the relevance of the presented material to the tackling of some of the important issues facing our coastal communities and broader environment today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lam, N.S.N., Arenas, H., Brito, P.L., Liu, K.B., 2014. Assessment of vulnerability and adaptive capacity to coastal hazards in the Caribbean region. In: Green, A.N. and Cooper, J.A.G. (eds.), Proceedings 13th International Coastal Symposium (Durban, South Africa), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 473-478, ISSN 0749-0208. It has been documented that given the same type of climate related hazard and degree of exposure, the vulnerability of a region to the hazard and its resultant damages could be very different, depending on a number of natural and socioeconomic factors. An understanding of the factors contributing to the vulnerability of a region requires a good assessment method. This paper reports the results of a vulnerability assessment to hurricane hazards for the countries in the Caribbean region. The resultant index is a weighted combination of variables. The paper demonstrates a methodology to validate the weights of the variables used to compute the index through regression analysis with the storm damage data. The refined vulnerability indices for the 25 countries studied were found to range from 0.31 to 0.77. Small island countries were generally more vulnerable than large countries, with the highest vulnerability indices (>0.6) found in The Bahamas, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, and Turks and Caicos Is. Although the hurricane exposure was originally considered a key variable contributing to high vulnerability, low adaptive capacity in the form of low socioeconomic status, high electricity consumption, and low infrastructure development were found to have a higher weight contributing to the overall vulnerability index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanderlinden, J.-P.; Baztan, J.; Touili, N.; Kane, I.O.; Rulleau, B.; Diaz Simal, P.; Pietrantoni, L.; Prati, G., and Zagonari, F., 2017. Coastal flooding, uncertainty and climate change: Science as a solution to (mis) perceptions? A qualitative enquiry in three coastal European settings. In: Martinez, M.L.; Taramelli, A., and Silva, R. (eds.), Coastal Resilience: Exploring the Many Challenges from Different Viewpoints. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 77, pp. 127-133. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper contributes to the understanding of the interface between risk perception and climate change risk mitigation in coastal areas. In particular, we analyse the role of science-based knowledge and the so called 'knowledge gap' in coastal stakeholders' verbalized perceptions of coastal risk. We use a qualitative approach to analyse of a corpus of 29 interviews conducted in three coastal European settings: Santander Bay (Spain), the Gironde Estuary (France), and Cesenatico (Italy). This analysis of stakeholders' perceptions of flood risk shows: (i) the science-based understanding of flooding as a probabilistic process is not always present and has little impact on the stated perceptions; and (ii) stakeholders and society as a whole frame risk mostly through values and norms. Given these findings, an increase in science-based knowledge within the world of coastal risk governance under climate change would contribute to safer coasts, provided that the production of science-based knowledge takes into account stakeholder values through a proactive dialogue with stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verwaest, T.; Houthuys, R.; Roest, B.; Dan, S., and Montreuil, A.-L., 2020. A coastline perturbation caused by natural feeding from a shoreface-connected ridge (headland Sint-André, Belgium). In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 701-705. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper explains how a local seaward perturbation, headland Sint-André, in the straight sandy coastline of Belgium can persist for centuries. The diffusive longshore transport gradients on the beach are counterbalanced by a sediment supply from off-shore via a shoreface-connected ridge. A UNIBEST-CL+ 1D coastline model is set up to describe the genesis of this coastline feature. From the size and shape of the perturbation and taking into account the diffusivity caused by the longshore transport gradients, the average sand supply from offshore is estimated to be 55,000 m3/year and it is hindcasted that the connection of the ridge to the coastline occurred between 300 and 400 years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation is defined as the planned or unplanned, reactive or anticipatory, successful or unsuccessful response of a system to a change in its environment. This paper examines the current status of adaptation to sea-level rise and climate change in the context of European coasts. Adaptation can greatly reduce the impact of sea-level rise (and other coastal changes), although it requires adjustment of coastal management policies to changing circumstances. Consequently, adaptation is a social, political, and economic process, rather than just a technical exercise, as it is often conceived. The Synthesis and Upscaling of sea-level Rise Vulnerability Assessment Studies project has shown that adaptation to sea-level rise is widely divergent among European countries. Crudely, four groups of countries were identified: 1. Those that do not worry about accelerated sea-level rise and should not as their coasts are not susceptible 2. Those that do not worry as they have more urgent problems 3. Those that do not worry but probably should 4. Those that do worry and have started to adapt At the European Union level, while coastal management is a focus, this effort is mainly targeted at today's problems. Hence, this paper suggests the need for a concerted effort to address adaptation in coastal zones across Europe. Sharing of experience among countries would facilitate this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph, D.; Liya, V.B.; Rojith, G.; Zacharia, P.U., and Grinson, G., 2019. Time series analysis of CMIP5 model and observed sea surface temperature anomaly along Indian coastal zones. In: Jithendran, K.P.; Saraswathy, R.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Kumaraguru Vasagam, K.P.; Jayasankar, V.; Raghavan, R.; Alavandi, S.V., and Vijayan, K.K. (eds.), BRAQCON 2019: World Brackishwater Aquaculture Conference. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 86, pp. 239–247. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Analysis of the time series Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variations is a key element in understanding the climate change impacts on the phenology, trophodynamics, distribution, and catch of commercial marine fish species. As SST projections are mostly model dependent, the discrepancy in the model and observed values needs to be elucidated so as to derive accurate interpretations and conclusions. In this paper, the decadal and seasonal variations of SST anomaly over the four coastal zones of India were analysed. The selected period of the study is from 1968 to 2017 and the data obtained from the International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Sets (ICOADS) and Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) was used. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) model data were used for comparison with the observed value. The linear trend of observed and modelled values was inferred using the least square method for four seasons. The seasonal variation of SST anomaly of observed data in four coastal zones of India reveals that Northeast zone exhibits the least trend of warming in all seasons, whereas Northwest zone shows the highest trend of warming. SST anomaly of the first decade in all zones exhibited negative values in all seasons, while last decade shows positive value, indicating warming trend. In other decades, no uniform SST trend for all seasons was observed. However, the Northeast zone is exceptional with negative anomaly during all decades. The warming trend was observed in all coasts for both model and observed values. The model and observed SST anomaly follows an almost similar trend, but with noticeable differences in values among both. Owing to the differences in the model and observed values, it could be emphasised that error corrections needs to be applied in futuristic SST projections and related studies of Indian fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening climate change scenario research is a prerequisite for reducing the impact of climate change on the marine system. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of climate change scenarios from three aspects: its meaning, main characteristics and application. The results show that: (1) Different climate scenarios have played an important role in previous IPCC assessment reports. Special report on emission scenario (SRES) reduce the difference of climate simulation results among different research teams. Representative concentration path (RCP) scenarios strengthen the reference role of emission scenarios for researchers and decision makers in research and response to climate change. Shared socioeconomic path (SSP) scenarios integrate climate policy and socio-economic scenarios to better meet climate change. Research group needs of response, adaptation and vulnerability; (2) Scenario generation technology has gone through three stages of historical data space-time analogy, serial development and parallel development, the improvement of which shortens the development cycle and enhances the consistency of results; (3) The difference of different scenarios is reflected in the characteristics and applications of scenarios, and links the mapping between SRS, RCP and SSP scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wamsley, T.V.; Collier, Z.A.; Brodie, K.; Dunkin, L.M.; Raff, D., and Rosati, J.D., 2015. Guidance for developing coastal vulnerability metrics. Appropriate coastal zone management and storm-damage risk reduction requires the assessment of vulnerability in natural and human environments. Confusion arises, however, as vulnerability is conceptualized in many different ways and is closely related to other concepts such as risk and resilience. This paper defines nomenclature, presents a conceptual definition of vulnerability, and lays out a proposed conceptual approach for identifying and defining meaningful metrics to ensure a complete assessment of coastal vulnerability. While the focus of this paper is developing metrics for assessing vulnerability to coastal storms, the approach is valid for a wide range of systems and hazards at multiple scales and can explicitly consider the impacts of climate change. The approach is demonstrated through application to a simply coupled human-environment system on the coast and explicitly considers natural and nature-based features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutler, E.M.; Albert, M.R., and White, K.D., 2019. A low-cost shoreline dynamic simulation model for proposed beach nourishment and dune construction: Introducing a new feasibility analysis tool. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(4), 907–919. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Beach nourishment and dune construction are common coastal risk-management strategies for shoreline erosion in the United States. Federal involvement with such projects relies on cost–benefit analyses, which in turn rely on life-cycle models of shoreline processes, such as the Army Corps of Engineers' Beach-fx event-driven physical and economic coastal model. However, use of these models can be computationally and data intensive. Costs associated with conducting a feasibility analysis for beach nourishment and dune construction may leave a community with few resources to explore other risk-management options. This paper, therefore, presents a first-order, screening-level, low-cost dynamic model that delivers results approximately comparable with those from life-cycle models. Applying the model to three locations in Florida shows that simulated nourishment intervals are within 5 years of those predicted by Beach-fx, leading to a similar number of nourishments over a 50-year project life span. A discussion on how one could apply the model to other areas is also included. It is intended that this model could serve as a first-pass screening tool for communities considering beach nourishment and dune construction before they decide to invest in the more thorough, but costly and data-intensive, life-cycle model simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Appeaning Addo, K.; Nicholls, R.J.; Codjoe, S.N.A., and Abu, M., 2018. A biophysical and socioeconomic review of the Volta delta, Ghana. Delta regions are dynamic and rich environments with diverse economic activities and are often densely populated. Deltas are being shaped by multiple drivers, including changes in sediment delivery to the coastal zone due to catchment changes, especially construction of dams on major rivers, intensified agriculture and/or aquaculture, mining, urbanisation, human-induced subsidence, climate change, and sea-level rise. These environmental challenges have significant implications for the livelihoods of delta residents. Thus, the integrated assessment of deltas is now attracting the attention of the scientific research community to analyse and understand deltas as coupled biophysical and socioeconomic systems. Most attention has been focussed on the major deltas. This review focusses on the smaller but regionally significant Volta delta, Ghana. Previous scientific studies are limited, with more focus upstream on the Volta River basin. Many contemporary problems are recognised in the Volta delta, especially erosion and flooding of the open coast fringe, such as at the town of Keta. However, these problems are treated independently, which may hinder identifying the root causes and the most effective solutions. Equally, the emergence of new problems might be anticipated and hence better managed or even avoided. This paper reviews the present delta with emphasis on biophysical processes and socioeconomic characteristics and considers in particular the current drivers and challenges. With this information, a research agenda will be established for a more systemic approach to understanding the Volta delta, including its residents and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Nina S.-N. Lam.; Qiang, Y.; Li K.; Cai, H.; Zou, L., and Mihunov, V. 2018. Extending Resilience Assessment to Dynamic System Modeling: Perspectives on Human Dynamics and Climate Change Research. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1401–1405. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. It is widely known that the same type and strength of hazard could lead to very uneven impacts on different communities due to their varying vulnerability and resilience capacity. Hence, identifying the factors that make a community more resilient to hazards is critical to its sustainability and is central to climate change research and planning. This paper addresses three questions: what is the best way to measure community resilience to disasters and how to identify the key indicators? How do the resilience indicators dynamically interact in a quantitative manner that would lead to long-term resilience? And how can we translate the scientific results into practical tools for decision making? Using the population change pattern in the Mississippi River Delta as a case study, this paper demonstrates the use of a relatively new resilience assessment method called the Resilience Inference Measurement (RIM) method to measure resilience. Then, a newly developed spatial dynamic model is used to simulate population changes in the study area. The results show that without any changes in the current condition, the coastal portion of the study area will continue to suffer population loss and the region is unlikely to sustain in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Kench, P.S.; Ryan, E.J.; Owen, S.; Bell, R.; Lawrence, J.; Glavovic, B.; Blackett, P.; Becker, J.; Schneider, P.; Allis, M.; Dickson, M., and Rennie, H.G. 2018. Co-creating resilience solutions to coastal hazards through an interdisciplinary research project in New Zealand, In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1496–1500. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal communities ‘living at the edge’ face intensification and acceleration of coastal hazard risk in the face of climate change. Communities will need to be adaptive in reducing these risks now and over long timeframes. Developing coastal hazard adaptation pathways requires co-production of interdisciplinary knowledge between scientists, policy makers and communities. However, there remains little guidance and limited dialogue about the research practices and frameworks that underpin co-created research. In a first for New Zealand, a co-created research programme is underway titled ‘Living at the Edge’ that aims to improve the resilience of coastal communities to coastal hazards. This paper provides novel insights into the complexities underpinning the formative stages of co-created research, drawing on practical experience from the Living at the Edge project. We explore the enablers and shapers that led to co-created shifts in the research project objectives and framework. Notions of integration, trust, and flexibility are three fundamental aspects that influenced the early stages of co-creation. The importance of bridging interactions with actors early on in co-created projects is exemplified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Phillips, M.R.; Jones, A., and Thomas, T., 2018. Climate Change, Coastal Management and Acceptable Risk: Consequences for Tourism. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1411–1415. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. An evaluation of the present day status of a coastline is fundamental in deciding whether to actively manage or to refrain from intervention. Unfortunately, with climate change and assessments of acceptable risk based on ongoing costs to defend, decisions need to be taken that reduce difficult and expensive decisions for future generations, i.e. sustainable management of the shoreline. The coastline provides economic opportunities, and tourism is one of the main stakeholders at risk from managed retreat and no active intervention decisions. Therefore, which aspect of risk takes priority, as barriers to effective Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are inadequate capacity and finance? This paper shows the consequences of taking ‘managed retreat’ and ‘no active intervention’ decisions with no implementation strategy in place. The economic consequences for coastal stakeholders does not only include loss of tourism income but also assets and residential properties. Established processes for establishing risk and evidence gathering are questioned with recommendations for future strategies made. Subsequently, arguments are put forward that initial large scale assessments should be supplemented by smaller scale studies when decisions of ‘managed retreat’ and ‘no active intervention’ are proposed. Assessments should also include costs of lost business and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Palginõmm, V.; Orviku, K.; Suursaar, Ü.; Kont, A.; Tõnisson, H., and Rivis, R., 2018. Lessons Learned from Record-High Storm Surges and Associated Inundations in Pärnu, SW Estonia. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1391–1395. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Due to changes in atmospheric circulation and warmer winters, the frequency of strong westerly storms associated with high sea level in ice-free sea conditions has increased over the last half-century on the western coast of Estonia including in Pärnu City. During the last 50 years Pärnu has suffered from two remarkably high storm surges and associated inundations – in 1967 (2.53 m above mean sea level) and in 2005 (2.75 m). This paper addresses the problem of coastal floods in Pärnu, analyzing different action plans in order to protect the city against floods, which may get even more disastrous due to climate change induced sea level rise. Our analysis showed that application of adaptation measures seems to be the most reasonable option for Pärnu, while the expenses on building a protective dam exceeds the potentially avoidable losses. A managed retreat was not acceptable either because the city would lose its identity as a famous summer resort with excellent sandy beaches. Dissipation of storm surge water over adjacent low-lying uninhabited territories would not give any clear effect reducing the high water level only by 5 centimetres as maximum. In case of adapting to temporary extensive floods, a more efficient warning system and better communication between the authorities and the local people are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Miura, H.; Ito, Y., and Suenaga, Y., 2018. Construction of Climate Change-Adapted Seaweed Beds on the Japanese Coast. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 391–395. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Japanese coastal seaweed beds are experiencing a long-term decline in area coverage in a phenomenon called isoyake, which has massively impacted the fisheries industry. Therefore, research has been performed on seaweed bed restoration. Consequent measures have been implemented along with the promulgation of relevant technology. Meanwhile, increasing seawater temperatures and other environmental changes associated with climate change, which is one of the causes of isoyake, are spreading globally and have become increasingly severe in recent years. With respect to methods of coping with the effects of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report (2014) calls for “adaptation” to effects that have already occurred and unavoidable medium- and long-term effects. In this context, this paper discusses the present state of and future forecasts for seaweed beds on the Japanese coast, and it then considers the future trends of climate change-adapted seaweed bed construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efforts made to reduce the causes and mitigate the effects of global climate change continue to be critical in coastal areas. Many adaptation strategies implemented in coastal areas remain inadequate or ineffective. Using primarily events and interventions carried out along the Portuguese Atlantic coast, this work aims to show the paradigm shift that has occurred in Portugal since the last century (the 1990s) within the scope of the National Coastal Zone Management Strategy, taking into account the new guidelines for the implementation of coastal defence works. In this context, this paper also aims to assist coastal communities in carrying out operational coastal management by presenting and discussing management tools and primary options that should be considered in any adaptation programme that is to be implemented. Both nonstructural and structural measures are considered. Action plans, warning systems, emergency plans, and evacuation plans belong to the first category. Education and training are also considered, because they play a key role in the sustainability of coastal areas, especially in the coming generations. Structural measures are adaptation options that are designed to increase the safety of people and reduce risks. They are discussed and grouped into categories that include accommodation, protection, and retreat. Recent cases of successful accommodation and protection measures implemented along the Portuguese coast are also presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obraczka, M.; Beyeler, M.; Magrini, A., and Legey, L.F., 2017. Analysis of coastal environmental management practices in subregions of California and Brazil. Globally, human and natural systems in urban coasts face multiple threats, most importantly from climate change. Increasingly, subnational state and local governments are being forced to include climate change impacts into coastal planning and management. Urban coastal managers are looking to more transparent and integrated coastal and environmental management regimes to better address the multiple stressors and uses, as well as to integrate public and stakeholder participation, and maximize a broad range of community economic and environmental and ecosystem benefits. This research presents a case study of coastal and environment management systems in two important coastal regions: an urbanized area of the central coast of California, United States; and the rapidly urbanizing and developing coastal lowlands of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Similarities and differences in coastal environmental governance, management, and outcomes were identified and analyzed. The contrasting federalist governance structures are compared, and the coastal management and environment assessment systems in the case study locations are analyzed. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on subnational coastal environmental management systems through the review of previous relevant studies; the examination of historical primary and secondary source official reports; and the collection, analysis, and discussion of important qualitative and quantitative interviews and survey data. The study concludes that transparency and accessibility to the decision-making process are essential to the success of coastal environmental management in both locations, with benefits arising from the presence of public participation and trust. The successful integration of broad stakeholders and public awareness in California provides an example that could possibly be replicable in Rio de Janeiro to increase stakeholder participation in the decision-making processes. The paper concludes with recommendations for further studies of governance and management alternatives, and for extending and strengthening state and local capabilities of coastal environmental processes within integrated coastal environmental management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrade, H.A.A.; Rodrigues, F.C.G.; Fletcher, C.H.; Casey, G., and Giannini, P.C.F., 2024. Winter sedimentology and morphology of the Maçambaba beach–foredune system, SE Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(2), 338–352. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The Maçambaba Holocene coastal barrier and dune system in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, is located immediately west of an abrupt orientation change from SW-NE to W-E on the SE Brazilian coastline. The eolian deposits are formed by winds from the SW, associated with polar air masses advancing in austral winter, and winds from the NE, associated with summer monsoon and upwelling intensification. The active beach–foredune system consists of intermediate reflective beaches and ramp incipient foredunes in the western (km 0–km 14) and central (km 15–km 35) sectors of the barrier and intermediate to dissipative beaches with more common ridge incipient foredunes in the eastern sector (km 36–km 48). This pattern from W to E indicates a change in the beach–foredune system from a more erosional regime with lower sand supply in the west to a more depositional setting in the east. Measured at the swash line, winter mean grain size fines and granulometric sorting increases from W to E, evidence of a net longshore drift in this direction. The increase in eolian sand supply toward the east favors sand reworking by SW (onshore) winds in the winter; consequently, coastal dunes are well developed in this sector. Overwash processes frequently develop where eolian deflation favors marine inundation during winter swell events. After their formation, washover fans are typically reworked by reverse winds from the NE (offshore) in austral summer. Throughout the entire barrier system, seasonal shifts in both swell orientation and wind direction are dominant climatic factors determining the development of washover fans, blowouts, and parabolic dunes with opposing migration directions. Investigating the effect of this climatic seasonality on the beach–foredune system is critical to understanding coastal response to storm events and climatic variations on longer timescales. A barreira costeira holocênica de Maçambaba localiza-se no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil, imediatamente a oeste de uma mudança abrupta de orientação na costa, de sudoeste-nordeste para oeste-leste. Os depósitos eólicos são formados pelos ventos de sudoeste, associados às massas de ar polar que avançam no inverno austral, e pelos ventos de nordeste, associados à monção de verão e à intensificação da ressurgência. Nos setores central e oeste da barreira, o sistema praia-duna ativo consiste em praias intermediárias refletivas e dunas frontais incipientes em rampa. No setor leste, ele é composto por praias intermediárias dissipativas e dunas frontais incipientes em cordão. A passagem de dunas frontais em rampa, na parte oeste da barreira, para dunas frontais dominantemente em cordão, na parte leste, indicam que o aporte de areia eólica é maior a leste que a oeste. Nas amostras coletadas no espraiamento, a seleção granulométrica melhora e o tamanho médio de grão diminui de oeste para leste, o que é sugestivo de transporte longitudinal de sedimentos nesse rumo. O crescimento do aporte sedimentar para leste aumenta o retrabalhamento eólico pelos ventos de sudoeste (onshore) no inverno, e consequentemente as dunas costeiras são melhor desenvolvidas no setor leste, incluindo a formação de rupturas de deflação (blowouts). Neste setor, processos de sobrelavagem costeira frequentemente se desenvolvem onde a deflação eólica favorece a inundação marinha durante eventos de swell no inverno. Após sua formação, os leques de sobrelavagem são geralmente retrabalhados pelos ventos reversos de nordeste (offshore) no verão austral. Na barreira como todo, mudanças sazonais na orientação do swell e na direção do vento são fatores climáticos dominantes que determinam o desenvolvimento e deposição de leques de sobrelavagem, blowouts e dunas parabólicas com direções de migração opostas. Investigar o efeito dessa sazonalidade climática no sistema praia-duna ativo é fundamental para entender a resposta costeira a eventos de tempestade e variações climáticas em escalas de tempo mais longas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carrero, R., Navas, F., Malvárez, G., and Cáceres, F., 2013. Participative Future Scenarios for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Coastal zones are rapidly changing all around the world due to strong human pressures such as urban sprawl, agriculture intensification, infrastructure expansion and industrial growth. In addition, climate change might become an important factor in the years to come, and its associated effects might affect coastal areas. To cope with this situation the need to adopt an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) approach has been internationally recognised during the last decades. Nonetheless to be able to plan and manage coastal areas in the long-term while facing all the challenges that lie ahead, it is necessary to develop new tools that not only put into practice the ICZM principles but also incorporate and deal with the uncertainties that surround the future. In this paper, we present Participative Future Scenarios (PFS) as a tool to support decision-making in coastal areas under the ICZM principles. PFS allow exploring how coastal areas could develop in the future, using an integrative approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, taking into consideration coastal hazards and climate change, as well as human interaction, as the process is based on participatory techniques involving local stakeholders. The process carried out to implement PFS at the local scale has been pilot-tested in the Andalusian coastal municipality of Ayamonte, South Western Spain. Four well-differentiated scenarios showing alternative and plausible futures for the study site for the year 2050 were obtained. The result of this pioneer exercise points out that PFS are a powerful and ground-breaking tool for ICZM with a double potential: i) The generation of PFS is a valuable exercise per se as it provides an opportunity to promote participation, understand public's different opinions, facilitate communication between stakeholders and increase public awareness about coastal future problems (e.g. coastal hazards). ii) PFS can be-and should be- used as part of the decision making process for coastal planning, allowing policies to be designed in a more robust manner, accounting for critical uncertainties -as diverse as economic fluctuations or climate change- and helping to select the path to the most desirable future. Additionally, the PFS process proposed in this paper is a transferable technique that can be easily replicated in other coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt marshes typically develop on low-energy coasts under the influence of the tide. However, there are peat salt-marshes along the west coast of Ireland that formed in an inherently different way. This paper examines the ontogeny of these salt- marshes and highlights their uniqueness both in an Irish and global context. The peat of these marshes formed in postglacial times when climatic conditions were such that ombrogenic blanket bogs formed along the western Atlantic coast of Ireland. A subsequent marine transgression caused a shift from freshwater to saline conditions, and these bogs now support salt-marsh vegetation. These systems have been termed "Fringe" marshes in the Irish salt-marsh inventory. Unlike other organogenic salt-marshes in Europe, they formed under predominantly freshwater conditions, thus making them unique in geological foundation. This paper examines the complexity of natural controls on salt-marsh systems and relates this to the ecological character of fringe marshes. It emphasises that their position on the western Atlantic seaboard, coupled with peat substrate and its inherent properties, could drive a unique ecological character. Ongoing and future threats to these habitats are discussed. The term "Fringe" is used internationally in many other contexts and therefore does not specifically describe these peat substrate marshes. In order to distinguish the peat salt-marshes of the west coast of Ireland from those formed under different conditions, the term "Ombrogenic Atlantic Salt-Marsh" is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the changes in the long-term hydroclimatic conditions in the SE Baltic Sea, along the Lithuanian coast, on the basis of the monitoring data obtained within a 45-year period (1961-2005). Furthermore, the paper discusses the processes behind those changes. Time series of relevant data along the Lithuanian coast from previous centuries were used to investigate climatic variability and trends. The study finds an increased period of westerly winds during winter. During recent decades, the impact of global climate change on sea-level rise has drawn wide interest, since the coastline changes have ecological, economic, and social impacts on the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea. The analysis of the trends for the Lithuanian coastal zone found results similar to those obtained from global and regional analyses showing increasing sea levels today and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Coastal Research is the property of KnowledgeWorks Global, Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Coastal Research is the property of KnowledgeWorks Global, Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A coherent approach to structuring reference units for coastal vulnerability analysis is often required for large-scale analyses of the coastal system. However, a review of existing spatial reference frameworks within vulnerability analyses demonstrates that our use of coastal space within large-scale models remains relatively poor. This paper examines a series of challenges to spatial modeling that have emerged from the development of a national to global impact tool, DIVA (Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment). The paper addresses how best to utilize the limited data to develop a reference framework for modeling vulnerability within the global coastal environment. It outlines the approach to spatial modeling that has been developed for use within the DIVA tool: segmenting the coastal zone into a series of relatively homogenous reference units at the scale of DIVA, based on the behavior of the physical, social, and economic systems within the zone. The importance of effective spatially defined models is emphasized within the paper. Encouraging greater spatial recognition and definition of the behavioral environment of the coast is critical to modeling space within the coastal system. By decreasing spatial uncertainties in the creation of reference units for vulnerability analysis, the accuracy of modeling within large-scale coastal environments can be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu, W.; Feng, Q., and Zhang, F., 2017. Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of NPP in the Heihe River basin, Northwestern China, in a recent 10-year period calculated by CASA model. In: Zhi, Y. and Guido Aldana, P.A. (eds.), Sustainability of Water Resources and the Development of Coastal Environments: Select Proceedings from the 2016 International Conference on Water Resource and Environment (WRE2016). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 80, pp. 36-47. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In this paper, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of NPP and related factors in the Heihe River basin were analyzed using the meteorological data of the Heihe River basin, SPOT/NDVI data, and other modified mathematical statistical methods. The results show that during the 1999-2010 period the total NPP in the Heihe River basin exhibited a fluctuating increasing trend, reaching 0.3×1012 gC/a. The multiyear variation value of NPP was 0.19~601.09 gC/m2/a in the whole basin, 3.5 gC/m2/a in the upper reaches, 2.06 gC/m2/a in the middle reaches, and 0.31 g/m2/a in the lower reaches. The NPP of vegetation in the Heihe River basin during January and February tended to slightly decrease, and on average varied between −0.01 and −0.02 gC/m2/a, while in June, July, August, and September greatly increased. The NPP of 10 vegetation types exhibited an increasing trend in 2010 compared to 1999, on average increased by 21.02 gC/m2/a. Among various vegetation types the increase in the NPP value of swamp vegetation was the largest, reaching 46.24 gC/m2/a followed by planted vegetation, steppe types, and meadow types; there values were 39.22 gC/m2/a, 32.49 gC/m2/a, and 27.63 gC/m2/a, respectively. The accumulated NPP in grassland ecosystem in the Heihe River basin was the largest, which is of important significance to the eco-environment of the basin. As viewed for the whole Heihe River basin, the yearly mean cumulative value of NPP of vegetation was negatively related to annual mean temperature and annual total solar radiation but positively related to annual total precipitation, suggesting that water is a limiting factor to the NPP in the Heihe River basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watson, P.J., 2017. Acceleration in European mean sea-level? A new insight using improved tools. Research into sea-level rise has taken on particular prominence in more recent times owing to the global threat posed by climate change and the fact that mean sea level and temperature remain the key proxies by which we can measure changes to the climate system. Under various climate change scenarios, it has been estimated that the threat posed by the effects of sea-level rise might lead to annual damage costs across Europe on the order of €25 billion by the 2080s. European mean sea-level records are among the best time series data available globally by which to detect the presence of necessary accelerations forecast by physics-based projection models to elevate current rates of global sea-level rise (≈3 mm/y) to anywhere in the vicinity of 10-20 mm/y by 2100. The analysis in this paper is based on a recently developed analytical package titled 'msltrend,' specifically designed to enhance estimates of trend, real-time velocity, and acceleration in the relative mean sea-level signal derived from long annual average ocean water level time series. Key findings are that at the 95% confidence level, no consistent or compelling evidence (yet) exists that recent rates of rise are higher or abnormal in the context of the historical records available across Europe, nor is there any evidence that geocentric rates of rise are above the global average. It is likely a further 20 years of data will distinguish whether recent increases are evidence of the onset of climate change-induced acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watson, P.J., 2016. Acceleration in U.S. mean sea level? A new insight using improved tools. The detection of acceleration in mean sea level around the data-rich margins of the United States has been a keen endeavour of sea-level researchers following the seminal work of Bruce Douglas in 1992. Over the past decade, such investigations have taken on greater prominence given mean sea level remains a key proxy by which to measure a changing climate system. The physics-based climate projection models are forecasting that the current global average rate of mean sea-level rise (≈3 mm/y) might climb to rates in the range of 10-20 mm/y by 2100. Most research in this area has centred on reconciling current rates of rise with the significant accelerations required to meet the forecast projections of climate models. The analysis in this paper is based on a recently developed analytical package titled 'msltrend,' specifically designed to enhance estimates of trend, real-time velocity and acceleration in the relative mean sea-level signal derived from long annual average ocean-water-level time series. Key findings are that at the 95% confidence level, no consistent or substantial evidence (yet) exists that recent rates of rise are higher or abnormal in the context of the historical records available for the United States, nor does any evidence exist that geocentric rates of rise are above the global average. It is likely that a further 20 years of data will identify whether recent increases east of Galveston and along the east coast are evidence of the onset of climate change induced acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fan, A.; Yan, X., and Yin, Q., 2016. A multisource information system for monitoring and improving ship energy efficiency. Global climate change has attracted an increasing amount of attention by the public. The shipping industry is being scrutinized with regard to improving efficiency and reducing emissions. This paper explores the monitoring technology and efficiency enhancement method for a ship. First, the internal and external factors that affect a ship's energy efficiency are determined and examined. Second, an inland river ship is selected as a research target on which a multisource information system is constructed via the selection and installation of the corresponding sensors on the ship. A series of system tests have also been performed when the ship is in operation. The field tests prove that the established system is adequate for the voyage and that all of the sensors can normally monitor the parameters. In addition, a massive quantity of data for the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are obtained. A grey correlation analysis and regional difference analysis are conducted using these data. The analysis results suggest that the main engine speed has the greatest effect on a ship's fuel consumption and that the voyage environment of the Yangtze River affects a ship's fuel consumption. Finally, a novel ship speed-optimization method that considers the impact of voyage environment is proposed as an energy efficiency enhancement example. This study not only aids shipping companies and ship officers in monitoring a ship's operations but also provides a high-energy efficiency strategy for a ship's operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sealey, K.S.; Andiroglu, E.; Lamere, J.; Sobczak, J., and Suraneni, P., 2021. Multifunctional performance of coastal structures based on South Florida coastal environs. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(3), 656–669. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal communities around the globe are facing the related challenges of sea-level rise, more frequent and extreme storm events, and deteriorating coastal water quality. A multidisciplinary research team with expertise in architecture, ecology, economics, engineering, design, and public art surveyed existing coastal structures to elucidate criteria for a multifunctional performance assessment of these structures in South Florida. Eight coastal survey sites were evaluated to understand their function. Two key variables that affect the coastal structure function are the spatial extent of the structure and the age of the structure. The functional performance was ranked as poor, fair, or good based on (1) ecological functionality (rugosity, minimization of pollution, and coastal plant diversity), (2) engineering functionality (storm, wave, and flood resilience and affordability), and (3) stakeholder functionality (waterfront access, views, and wildlife views). These aspects of functionality were equally weighted to evaluate the impact of each component on the coastal environs. Generally, coastal structure design considers primarily engineering functionality, and these designs consequently have poor ecological functionality. Multifunctionality improved with the horizontal extent of the structure, the occurrence of coastal plants in a buffer zone, and increased public access and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osborne, P.D. and Forest, A., 2016. Sediment dynamics from coast to slope - Southern Canadian Beaufort Sea. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 537-541. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Profound changes in cross-shelf sediment fluxes are anticipated in coming decades in the southern Canadian Beaufort Sea where an accelerated increase in temperature could lead to large changes in Arctic river hydrology and coastal-marine geomorphologic processes. In the past decade sediment exported to the Beaufort Shelf has increased while sea level pressure has increased accelerating the Beaufort Gyre, strengthening coastal upwelling and expanding the Mackenzie River plume offshore. Sea-ice extent has decreased while storminess has increased increasing wave action, coastal downwelling, current surge and resuspension and transport on the shoreface and shelf. This paper investigates mechanisms, quantities and rates of sediment transport operating in this cold continental shelf-slope environment. Past studies from more than 2 decades of research are compared with recent measurements to develop improved estimates of sediment sources, pathways, fate and fluxes across the shelf and slope. In particular, we explore connections between data from a long term mooring observatory deployed over the continental shelf and slope during the ArcticNet-Industry Partnership (2009-2011) and Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment (BREA 2011-2015) to those acquired in studies focusing on nearshore and shoreface. Sediment fluxes from the Mackenzie River and erosion of permafrost coasts are compared with outer shelf-slope measurements of settling particles and near-bottom fluxes. In turn, the role of atmospheric and cryospheric processes in forcing sediment transfer from coast to slope is investigated to assess system response to changing climate and evaluate implications for marine hydrocarbon resource development along the continental margin of the Arctic Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liang, Y.; Kench, P.S., Ford, M.R., and East, H.K., 2016. Reef sediment supply and island building in the South Maldives. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 587-591. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Reef islands are small, low-lying islands composed mainly of bioclastic sands and gravels from the late Holocene. These islands, which support around 700,000 people, are vulnerable to potential threats including land submergence and shoreline erosion. Thus, the sediment supply of the surrounding coral reef is an important consideration for coastal maintenance but there is little research on the link between reef productivity and island building. This paper presents an examination of reef and island beach sediments (material and composition), as well as the eco-geomorphic zones of the contemporary reef. Two islands in Huvadhu Atoll of the Republic of Maldives were used in this investigation. Surficial sediment samples were collected from each reef zone, toe of beach, and beach berm for each island. Benthic surveys for each reef platform and aerial photo analyses were used to determine reef ecology and to constrain the eco-geomorphic zones on the reef. Prevalent organisms on both reefs were coral, crustose coralline algae, and Halimeda sp., while other sediment producers (molluscs and foraminifera) were less represented or absent. However, sediment samples taken from the reef flat show that all constituents are present, similarly to sand samples from the island beaches. The reef and beach sediments had similar compositions, suggesting that the island is still connected to the surrounding reef. This research provides insights into how these reef islands are maintained by the surrounding reef, which has implications for future island building and resilience to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watson, P.J., 2016. How to improve estimates of real-time acceleration in the mean sea level signal. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 780-784. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. One of the most critical environmental issues confronting mankind into the foreseeable future remains the ominous spectre of climate change, in particular the pace at which impacts will occur and our capacity to adapt. Sea level rise is one of the key artefacts of climate change that will have profound impacts on global coastal populations. Although extensive research has been undertaken into this issue, there remains considerable conjecture and scientific debate about the temporal changes in mean sea level and the climatic and associated physical forcings responsible for them. Over recent years, significant debate has centered around the issue of a measurable acceleration in mean sea level, a feature central to projections based on the current knowledge of climate science. To reduce this uncertainty, it is necessary to determine the better performing analytical approaches for isolating the mean sea level signal from long, individual ocean water level time series with improved temporal resolution. This paper summarises the testing and development of an analytical tool designed specifically to enhance real-time estimates of velocity and acceleration in mean sea level derived from contemporary ocean water level data sets. The long ocean water level record at San Francisco, USA has been used to highlight the application and utility of the improved approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dai, H.; Ye, M., and Niedoroda, A.W., 2015. A model for simulating barrier island geomorphologic responses to future storm and sea-level rise impacts. This paper presents the Barrier Island Profile (BIP) model, a new computer code developed to simulate barrier island morphological evolution over periods ranging between years and decades under the impacts of accelerated sea-level rise and long-term changes in the storm climate. The BIP model is a multiline model that represents the time-averaged dynamics of major barrier island features from front beach to backshore. Unique contributions of BIP to coastal modeling include a dynamic linking of interacting barrier island features and consideration of both future sea-level rise and storm climate impacts. The BIP model has the built-in capability of conducting Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to quantify predictive uncertainty caused by uncertainty in sea-level rise scenarios and storm parameters. For a series of barrier island cross-sections derived from the characteristics of Santa Rosa Island, Florida, BIP was used to evaluate their responses to random storm events and five potential accelerated rates of sea-level rise projected over a century. The MC simulations using BIP provide multiple realizations of possible barrier island morphologic responses and their statistics, such as mean and variance. The modeling results demonstrate that BIP is capable of simulating realistic patterns of barrier island profile evolution over the span of a century using relatively simple representations of time- and space-averaged processes with consideration of uncertainty of future climate impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wang, Y.P.; Jiang, R.G.; Xie, J.C.; Zhao, Y., and Li, F.W., 2020. Water resources management under changing environment: A systematic review. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 29–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Under the influences of climate change, human activities and socioeconomic development, the water resources management (WRM) has become more complex and uncertain. The paper visualizes and quantifies the knowledge base, domain and structure of the WRM using the bibliometric analysis and knowledge map. The visualized knowledge maps are used to investigate the development trend, scientific collaboration, subject categories, core research topics and the newest research fronts of the WRM. 9028 publications on the WRM were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection databases for the period of 1990-2018. Results indicated that the research on the WRM maintained an increasing trend for the past 29 years. China contributed the most publication, and Germany cooperated the most with other countries/regions, which were two active contributors of the WRM research. The co-word analysis and burst detective analysis of keywords showed that climate change and ecosystem were the research hotspot of the WRM knowledge base. The co-occurrence analysis and burst detective analysis of subject categories found that the Environmental Sciences & Ecology and Green & Sustainable Science & Technology were the core direction of the WRM knowledge domain. Solving the practical problems through model simulation was the core of the WRM knowledge structure under the changing environment using the cluster analysis and document co-citation analysis. It is suggested that the WRM managers should take the sustainable and adaptive development as goal, ensure the health and integrity of the ecosystem, integrate stakeholders into the WRM, which should help to make the WRM more adaptable under changing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu, Y.; Zhang, W.; Chen, X.; Zheng, J.; Chen, X., and Wu, H., 2015. Comparison of analytical solutions for salt intrusion applied to the Modaomen Estuary. Salt intrusion in estuaries is an urgent environmental challenge across the world, because salinity influences water quality. The Modaomen Estuary is the main source of freshwater supply in the economically advanced Pearl River Delta, and it is experiencing a salt intrusion problem. Analytical models of salinity variation offer a simple and efficient approach to studying salt intrusion in estuaries. In this paper, two analytical models used worldwide to assess salinity variation in alluvial estuaries are applied to the Modaomen Estuary. The models are derived from salt convection-dispersion equations, with different assumptions for the dispersion coefficient. The performance of these two models was evaluated by comparing their results with field measurements; this revealed that both analytical models apply well to both the estimation of salinity distribution and the prediction of salt intrusion in the Modaomen Estuary. One model agrees more with the field measurements of salinity distribution along the estuary; the second better predicts salt intrusion length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watson, P.J., 2015. Development of a unique synthetic data set to improve sea-level research and understanding. One of the most fundamental, critical environmental issues confronting mankind into the foreseeable future remains the ominous spectre of climate change, in particular the pace at which impacts will occur and our capacity to adapt. Sea-level rise is one of the key artefacts of climate change that will have profound effects on global coastal populations. Although extensive research has been undertaken into this issue, there remains considerable conjecture and scientific debate about the temporal changes in mean sea level and the climatic and associated physical forcings responsible for them. In particular, over recent years, significant debate has centred around the issue of a measurable acceleration in ocean water-level records, a feature central to projections based on the current knowledge of climate science. The complexity of the dynamic influences and noise embedded within ocean water-level data sets has led sea-level research toward successively more sophisticated time series analytical techniques to estimate the trend. In the absence of an absolute knowledge of the mean sea-level signal (or trend) for a particular record, the accuracy of the trend has increasingly been inferred from the assumed sophistication of the underpinning analytical approach applied to the data record. An innovative and transparent process by which to identify the most efficient analytical technique for isolating the mean sea-level signal is to test such approaches against 'synthetic' (or custom built) data sets with a known mean sea-level signal. This paper details the development of a monthly average data set to meet the aforementioned objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amos, C.L.; Martino, S.; Sutherland, T.F., and Al Rashidi, T., 2015. Sea surface temperature trends in the coastal zone of British Columbia, Canada. Coastal sea surface temperature (SST), measured daily at the British Columbia (BC) Lighthouse network of stations, has been analyzed in this paper. A network of 14 of the 27 stations had (near) continuous data sets. These stations were clustered previously into exposed (northern/outer) and sheltered (southern/inner) sites. SST trends, evaluated between 1973 and 2010, show that the temperature contrast between these clusters is becoming greater: The northern/exposed stations are strongly influenced by interdecadal (Pacific Decadal oscillation [PDO]) and multidecadal oscillations in the north Pacific that are coherent with HadISST1.1 data for the region. There is no statistically significant warming trend for this region. The stations in the Strait of Georgia are much less influenced by the PDO and show a statistically significant mean increase in SST of up to 0.56°C/decade (Anomaly 1). This is higher than the global average and contrasts markedly with the trends from the northern stations. The warming trends of the southern stations are significant at all months of the year but are most evident during summer (July-September). The summertime anomalies in temperature at Active Pass are significantly correlated ( p < 0.001) with the temperature of the Fraser River water. Temperature differences between the Strait of Georgia and the outer shelf (Anomaly 2) are increasing in time; this is particularly evident since 2000. Monthly averaged MODIS satellite data (4×4-km resolution) show that trends in SST at two selected sites in the Strait of Georgia are very similar to the BC Lighthouse measurements and support the spatial extrapolation of the Lighthouse measurements. At present rates of SST rise, the southern coastal waters of BC will be about 3°C warmer by the end of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhu, F.; Huang, W.; Cai, Y.; Teng, F.; Wang, B., and Zhou, Q., 2014. Development of a river hydrodynamic model for studying surface-ground water interactions affected by climate change in Heihe River, China. Over the past 50 years, glacier area in Qilian Mountain of the Heihe River basin has decreased by 29.6%, mainly resulting from the climate change. Understanding the interactions of surface and ground water interaction will be very helpful for studying climate-change impact on Hehei River basin. This paper presents the development of one-dimensional river hydrodynamic model for surface and ground water interactions (RHM-SG). Surface-water flow is described by the modified one-dimensional Saint Venant equations, which is solved by Preissmann scheme. The flow exchange between surface and ground water is described by Darcy's equation. Five model validation tests include uniform flow over sloping bed, one flood process, and river flow with interactions of ground water. Model tests demonstrate that the model compares well with analytic solution, and reasonably characterize the interaction between river flow and ground water. The model has also been tested in the application to the middle reach of the Heihe River. By including surface-ground water interactions, the accuracy of model predicted flow substantially improves. The correlation coefficient increases from 0.89 to 0.98, and the root-mean-square reduces from 21.16 m3/s to 8.49 m3/s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu, L.G.; Zhu, M.L.; He, B.; Wang, X.L.; Zhang Q.; Jiang J.H., and Razahindrabe B.H.N., 2014. Analysis of water balance in Poyang Lake basin and subsequent response to climate change. The runoff in Poyang Lake Basin has a reversal decreasing phenomenon in 1997. Moreover, recent drought-prone pattern and low-flow events have been a serious threat to the water resource and water security in Poyang Lake in China. The water resource change is affected by regional climate change, human activities and water conservancy projects within the basin. The Poyang Lake and its watershed are selected as study sites to investigate the influence of key driving factors such as precipitation, temperature and water usage. The runoff and water level change of Poyang Lake were explored and analyzed based on the System Dynamic (SD) method. Monthly flow and water depth in lake was simulated and compared with observed values for both calibration periods from 1978 to 1997 and validation periods from1998 to 2007.The results demonstrated that SD method can acquire an ideal performance on basin runoff yielding and water resource exchanging between rivers and lake. Furthermore, 10% decrement and increment of precipitation, temperature and water usage scenario for climate change analysis showed that the proportion of impact from water use, temperature and precipitation is about 1:3:10. The changing trends of water balance in the Poyang Lake Basin are basically consistent with the effect of temperature and precipitation, but due to the function of outflow and smaller impact from the inflow during July to September, the changing trends of water level are different before and after July. Findings of this paper provide an important scientific basis for the development of integrated watershed management measures for water security in Poyang Lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long, S.A.; Mango-Mutiti, C.; Mutiti, S., and Weese, D.A., 2023. Investigating the effects of increasing water salinity on an endemic crayfish. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 816–822. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The greatest diversity of freshwater crayfish is found in the southeastern United States, home to nearly 75% of the world's known crayfish species. Many of the freshwater habitats for these crayfish are threatened by human activities and face degradation from multiple fronts, one being climate-related sea-level rise. This threat is significant for island populations that are unable to disperse to favorable locations. The goal of this study was to investigate the salinity tolerance of Procambarus lunzi (Hobbs 1940b), a species endemic to a small coastal region in the southeastern United States, to predict how sea-level rise might affect vulnerable coastal populations. A total of 171 crayfish was collected from a barrier island in Georgia and exposed to three treatments: freshwater, a slow salinity increase (salinity raised by 1.5‰ weekly), and a fast salinity increase (salinity raised by 3‰ weekly). Weekly mortalities were recorded and used to compute percent survivorship. Individual body masses were also monitored weekly and the average change in body mass between treatment groups was compared using one-way analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between initial body mass and the salinity level tolerated before mortality occurred. There was no significant difference in body mass change between the control group and the salinity treatment groups. The salinity level tolerated before mortality occurred was not correlated with individuals' body mass at the start of the treatments. The first mortality occurred at 30‰ salinity and 50% mortality occurred when salinity was >39‰. These results indicate a high tolerance to salinity that was unexpected for a freshwater species. The implication is that P. lunzi may be able to withstand habitat degradation due to sea-level rise given its relatively high tolerance to increases in salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le Cozannet, G., Ait-Kaci, H., Colas, S., De Lacaze, X., Lecacheux, S., Mirgon, C., Peinturier, C., Garcin, M., and Oliveros, C., 2013. Recent GIS based national assessments of climate change consequences in France: methods, results and lessons learnt This paper reviews two recent assessments undertaken in France for evaluating national scale consequences of global change for coastal hazards and risks, namely marine submersion and coastal erosion. In a first approach, the potential consequences of climate change were evaluated in a direct quantitative way, however with high uncertainties in the final evaluation. Recognizing that uncertainties could hardly be reduced, a second assessment based on a multi-criteria evaluation was then undertaken. Geomorphological and marine factors that account for physical vulnerability to coastal hazards were evaluated for 21 coastal entities in metropolitan France. The evaluation was structured using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results highlighted the fact that in some specific regions such as Languedoc-Roussillon (Mediterranean coast) and Pertuis (Atlantic coast), the population is expected to increase more than the mean average, while the coastal zone are also likely to be more strongly affected by coastal hazards. While such national scale evaluations in highly diversified coastal environments are still arguable, they may help identifying unsustainability in current trends and help defining priorities for future adaptation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dangendorf, S., Wahl, T., Mudersbach, C. and Jensen, J., 2013. The Seasonal Mean Sea Level Cycle in the Southeastern North Sea The seasonal cycle is a prominent feature in Mean Sea Level (MSL) time series with considerable influences on flood risk in coastal areas. When analyzing MSL it is often assumed that the seasonal cycle is a stationary process, independent from inter-annual variations, but there is no obvious reason for such an assumption. In this paper the seasonal cycle of MSL at 13 tide gauges in the German Bight is investigated for its average character as well as its time dependence over the past 166 years. A seasonal trend decomposition method is used to analyze the inter-annual fluctuations in amplitudes and phases of the seasonal cycle. In the German Bight the seasonal cycle accounts for up to 44 % of the observed monthly MSL variability. The mean seasonal cycle peaks during November at all stations. The mean amplitude varies between 14 and 20 cm and increases from the south-western to the north-eastern stations. Throughout the last 166 years it is found that the amplitudes as well as the phases of the seasonal cycle are marked by a considerable inter-annual variability. While most records, all starting in the 1930's or later, do not exhibit a significant trend the longest record at Cuxhaven displays a significant long-term trend of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm/yr. This trend is mainly caused by large values at the end of the 1970's and the beginning 1980's. Simultaneously, the annual peaks shift from the late autumn to winter months (December to February). These changes are caused by extraordinary large trends during the months from January to March, exceeding those in the remaining months by up to 4 mm/yr. These changes are in phase with an intensification of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns over the North Atlantic bringing more frequent westerly winds over the North Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guerreiro, J.S., Ranieri, L. A., El-Robrini, M., Vila-Concejo. Seasonal changes of a dynamic macrotidal beach: Case Study of Marieta beach(Amazon Coast/Brazil) The Amazon Atlantic Coast is a very dynamic area due to the large discharge associated to a large network of rivers that include the Amazon River. Many of the beaches in this area are located within the area of influence of macrotidal range. There is a large sediment availability that creates extensive tidal flats. Waves are moderate with average offshore of 1.8m. The area has a tropical climate with two seasons, rainy and dry, and is under influence of moderate SE/NE trade winds. This paper presents topographic and hydrodynamic data from one of these beaches, Marieta Beach, and shows that while it undergoes severe erosion during the rainy season, accretion and recovery occurs during the dry season. Erosion seems to be associated to the large river discharge in the rainy season (10 3 to 10 4 m3/s−1), high water levels coupled with strong ebbing currents that remove the sediment from the beach. The beach accumulates large volumes of sediment during the dry season (averaging 15.2 m3); the processes that drive sediment transport are not clear but given that onshore winds occur during this period, it is hypothesized that locally wind- generated waves are capable of transporting sediment back to the beach. Seasonal behavior in this case is associated to the tropical seasonality of the rivers instead of traditional storm/fair weather conditions cycles that are often found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wahl, T., Haigh, I.D., Dangendorf, S., and Jensen, J., 2013. Inter-annual and long-term mean sea level changes along the North Sea coastline. Globally, mean sea levels are rising and there is concern that the rate of rise will accelerate throughout the 21st century significantly impacting growing coastal communities. Currently, most coastal management assessments are based on global mean sea level projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report. However, temporal and spatial variability of mean sea level change needs to be identified in order to establish an accurate projection of coastal management needs due to erosion and flooding associated with global sea level rise. This paper assesses historic changes in mean sea level from the beginning of the 19th century to present using 30 long and high quality tide gauge records located around the coastline of the North Sea. The North Sea coast is one of the most densely populated coastlines in the world. It contains a significant proportion of Europe's coastal flood risk as exemplified by London, Amsterdam and Hamburg, and the other extensive lowlands, and has a long history of significant coastal flooding. Previous analyses of mean sea level changes along Europe's coastlines have tended to be conducted at a national level, using a variety of different methods and sea level records of different quality and length. This study has three main objectives: (1) to examine the inter-annual variations observed in mean sea level across the North Sea region; (2) to examine linear and non-linear longer-term trends in relative and absolute mean sea level from the beginning of the 19th century to present; and (3) to assess whether 19 years of altimetry data provide valuable information on the spatial patterns of sea level trends and inter-annual variability in the North Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas, T., Phillips, M. R., and Williams A. T., 2013. A Centurial Record of Beach Rotation. Beach rotations are reliant on a bi-directional wave climate and headlands to impede alongshore sediment transport. This manifests itself in localised shoreline retreat or advance but does not lead to long term sediment loss or gain, as beaches often return to initial conditions in response to wave direction shifts and these changes are often seasonal. This paper assesses morphological changes of a headland embayed beach (Tenby, West Wales) over a 180 year period using GIS, cross shore profiles, and wave modelling. Within GIS maps, aerial photographs and direct field measurements identified two significant changes in beach orientation between the periods 1830-1919 and 1919-2009. Analysis of more recent data (1941-2009) showed that a statistically significant (R2 = 64%) negative phase relationship existed between the beach extremities and correlation changes revealed central region rotation. Results were consistent with wave modeling (RCPWave) that showed dominant waves emanate from southwest and cause long term longshore drift from south toward north. Subdominant waves emanating from the southeast cause counter-drift. In the decadal and seasonal term, negative phase relationships indicative of beach rotation were also established. Cross-correlation analysis between beach extremities showed that decadal term rotation occurred at timescales of less than one year. This was verified by seasonal term results, which showed with increased statistical significance that sediment exchange between headlands takes up to two months. Results have implications for coastal zone management and careful examination of these phenomena is required over both seasonal and longer timescales and should be considered in the development of new beach management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schmidt, L., Delicado, A., Gomes, C., Granjo P., Guerreiro, S., Horta, A., Mourato, J., Prista, P., Saraiva, T., Truninger, M., O'Riordan, T., Santos, F.D., and Penha-Lopes, G. 2013. Change in the way we live and plan the coast: stakeholders discussions on future scenarios and adaptation strategies A scenario of increased risks due to climate change and coastal erosion, coupled with a stringent economic recession, is threatening the Portuguese coast. Three particular locations are the focus of CHANGE - Changing Coasts, Changing Climate, Changing Communities, a 3-year study (2010-2013) that aims to understand social perceptions about coastal risks and to examine new ways of adaptive management. The project involved assessing peoples' representations about the coastal present and possible coastal futures and discussed coastal change with local populations, in a country in which the protection of vulnerable coast to date has had little public involvement. The three coastal stretches studied face increasing coastal risks and the perspective of reduced public spending, fuelling uncertainty about their future. Public participation in coastal management has been almost entirely absent, which makes the social science based contribution of this research even more relevant. This research combines: a) scientific assessments on the past and future evolution of the shoreline, taking into account the impacts of climate change; b) interviews with policy-makers, coastal experts and stakeholders, as well as local public opinion surveys; c) the outputs of a model for coastal governance and community building, based on local discussions through focus groups and workshops. This paper is based on the surveys and focus groups undertaken in the case-study area most at risk from coastal change, Vagueira. We conclude that there is a growing perception of coastal threat and potential for the development of adaptive coastal management, taking advantage of local knowledge and initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]