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Joseph, D.; Liya, V.B.; Rojith, G.; Zacharia, P.U., and Grinson, G., 2019. Time series analysis of CMIP5 model and observed sea surface temperature anomaly along Indian coastal zones. In: Jithendran, K.P.; Saraswathy, R.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Kumaraguru Vasagam, K.P.; Jayasankar, V.; Raghavan, R.; Alavandi, S.V., and Vijayan, K.K. (eds.), BRAQCON 2019: World Brackishwater Aquaculture Conference. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 86, pp. 239–247. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Analysis of the time series Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variations is a key element in understanding the climate change impacts on the phenology, trophodynamics, distribution, and catch of commercial marine fish species. As SST projections are mostly model dependent, the discrepancy in the model and observed values needs to be elucidated so as to derive accurate interpretations and conclusions. In this paper, the decadal and seasonal variations of SST anomaly over the four coastal zones of India were analysed. The selected period of the study is from 1968 to 2017 and the data obtained from the International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Sets (ICOADS) and Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) was used. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) model data were used for comparison with the observed value. The linear trend of observed and modelled values was inferred using the least square method for four seasons. The seasonal variation of SST anomaly of observed data in four coastal zones of India reveals that Northeast zone exhibits the least trend of warming in all seasons, whereas Northwest zone shows the highest trend of warming. SST anomaly of the first decade in all zones exhibited negative values in all seasons, while last decade shows positive value, indicating warming trend. In other decades, no uniform SST trend for all seasons was observed. However, the Northeast zone is exceptional with negative anomaly during all decades. The warming trend was observed in all coasts for both model and observed values. The model and observed SST anomaly follows an almost similar trend, but with noticeable differences in values among both. Owing to the differences in the model and observed values, it could be emphasised that error corrections needs to be applied in futuristic SST projections and related studies of Indian fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black, K.P.; Baba, M.; Mathew, J.; Kurian, N.P., and Ilic, A., 2021. Guidelines to prepare India's coast for climate change. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(6), 1117–1129. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. India's first coastal protection guidelines for climate-change adaptation are described. The guidelines are holistic, recognizing the links between engineering, economic, physical, legal, social, environmental, and governmental intricacies. Robust protection solutions under climate change for millions of coastal residents may occur only when all these facets are improved within the complex regulatory, budgetary, and practical circumstances in India. Fifty-seven specific guidelines are presented in nine categories ranging from administrative to best-practice coastal protection. An "environmental softness ladder" that ranks coastal protection methods was developed as a scientific tool to guide policy development and project implementation. "Minimum floor level" for safe building was defined for each Indian coastal state using climate-change data produced for the study by Indian and international institutes. Beaches are more stable when the net sediment transport fluxes are close to neutral. "Grand schemes," which make large-scale changes to the coast rather than continuing with piecemeal localised works, are recommended. With diverse dynamics over a long coastline in India, the 4-year study engaged an exceptionally large number of experts, agencies, government bodies, development partners, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to have an understanding of the coastal processes along the southwest coast of India (8u49 N, 77u 339 E to 8u139 N, 77u149 E), a data set available for the changes in beach width for a period of 5 years (1993-1998) over a length of about 50 km was categorized and analysed in relation to the seasons. Since the study area is densely populated and was also affected partially by the great Indian Ocean tsunami, a freshmeasurement campaign of beach profile changes up to a water depth of 6 m at four different locations along the coast was carried out. These measurements have been adopted to validate a finite difference-based numerical model that employs the empirical formulation of Larson and Kraus (1989) for the prediction of beach profile changes. We simulated the offshore wave climate from National Centre for Environmental Prediction wind data using the Wave AnalysisModel (WAM), whereas the nearshore wave climate was derived by adopting theMIKE21 ParabolicMild Slope module. Results compared well with each other. The prediction from the numerical model revealed that the average onshore-offshore transport varies from about 50 to 200 m3 y21m21 width of the beach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narayana, A.C., 2007. Peat deposits of the west coast of India: implications for environmental and climate changes during late quaternary. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 683 – 687. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 Two boreholes (viz., one in a lagoon and the other in a paleo-delta), drilled in the coastal land of south-western India penetrated layers of peat. Radiocarbon ages and pollen analysis of these deposits were carried out. Radiocarbon dating of samples of peat suggested ages as 8,460 yr and >40,000 yr B.P. Pollen analysis of peat samples of BH-1 yielded pollen assemblages belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae and Mallotus. Peat samples of BH-2 with C-14 age of 8460 yr B.P. reveal the presence of mangrove forest comprising Avicennia and Kandalia. The evidences strongly suggest possible existence of various mangrove forests under different environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]