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Background: Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma (JPOF) is a type of noncancerous bone tumor that usually affects adolescents in the craniomaxillofacial area. Clinical manifestations are usually symptoms caused by the tumor's invasive compression of surrounding tissues. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) is also a benign bone tumor, and it typically occurs in long bones and the spine. Only 2% to 3% of cases occur in the head and neck. Due to the rarity of this combination of clinical cases, clinicians face difficulties in comprehensively understanding this complex lesion. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the clinical manifestations and characteristic imaging findings is necessary for surgeons., Case Presentations: On April 6, 2019, a 13-year-old boy presented with left maxillofacial bulge and pain for 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses showed an irregular hive-like mass signal in the left maxillary sinus, and cystic changes with fluid levels were seen in the lesion. After the initial diagnosis of JPOF with primary ABC, we decided to perform a facial mid-facial resection of maxillary sinus tumor to remove the tumor tissue. Finally, after 3 recurrences and 4 operations, there was no tumor recurrence for 20 months after the last operation, and the patient was still under continuous follow-up., Conclusions: This case provided a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of JPOF combined with ABC. In particular, a new understanding of the association between the two diseases and the management of recurrence were proposed, which had the potential to improve clinical understanding of this complicated condition., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, nonneoplastic, hemorrhagic, and expansile osseous lesions that present most frequently at age younger than 20 years. Aneurysmal bone cysts typically involve long bones of extremities, thorax, pelvis, or spinal column. Skull base involvement is very rare. The authors report the case of a 23-year-old woman with ABC of the skull base and total removal of lesion with pure endoscopic endonasal approach. The patient had presented with nasal obstruction for 6 months. Physical and neurological examination findings were normal except for bilateral anosmia. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor occupying ethmoid sinuses anterior skull base that extended into bilateral frontal lobes. The patient underwent pure endoscopic endonasal surgery, and the tumor was resected gross-totally. Histologic examination revealed ABC. Consequently, ABC should be considered in differential diagnosis of skull base pathologies. Endoscopic endonasal surgical approach is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective way in the treatment of these tumors.

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign pseudocystic osseous lesion characterized by a fibrous connective tissue stroma with cellular fibrous tissue, multinucleated giant cells, and large blood-filled spaces with no endothelial lining. The entity is uncommon in facial bones, and it rarely involves the mandibular condyle. Resection of the lesion is the most accepted treatment. The present case is the 11th reported case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandibular condyle in the existing literature and the first where, rather than using conventional extra oral approach, sagittal split ramus osteotomy was used to excise the lesion successfully with no recurrence after 3 years of follow-up.

Giant cell tumors of the jaw (GCTJ) are common in the long bones but rare in the craniofacial region, with only 1% of cases occurring in the latter; they account for approximately 3% to 5% of all primary bone tumors and 15% to 20% of all benign bone tumors. The biologic behavior of central giant cell lesions of the jaws ranges from quiescent to aggressive with destructive expansion, and the clinical behavior of GCTJ of the jaws is variable and difficult to predict. A number of tumors that occur in the jaws contain giant cells but are not true benign giant cell tumors. These include aneurysmal bone cyst, cherubism, simple bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, giant cell granuloma reparative, and tumor of hyperparathyroidism. This article reports a patient study of giant cell extended lesion in the left mandible from dental canine element to mandibular angle. The patient underwent excision of neoplasm and reconstruction of the mandible with an autologous bone graft of the iliac crest, but dentition was preserved over the resected area. No complications were detected, and 8 months postoperative control revealed excellent aesthetic and functional recuperation. This case is presented because of the following: (1) GCTJ is an infrequent tumor; (2) uncommon clinical presentation, severe deformity; (3) excessive size and jaw deformity; (4) fast growing; and (5) surgical treatment with preservation of the dentition in affected area.

The aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign lesion with an incidence of approximately 1% to 2% of bone tumors mainly in patients of 10 to 20 years of age and requires an operative procedure involving complete removal.We present a rare case of a large ABC in the angle and ramus of the mandible of a 14-year-old boy. The lesion had first been seen by a pediatrician 3 months before and turned out to be causing both a large and rapidly increasing swelling of the right face. Histology revealed a solid ABC, located in the angle and ramus of the mandible with cortical perforation and extrusion of the neighboring structures. A segmental resection of the mandible and soft-tissue excision of the lesion was performed. The mandible was primarily reconstructed by microvascular free-fibula transfer.The ABC did not show specific clinical or radiologic signs based on varying clinical examinations. The diagnosis was thus challenging, and other malignant tumors that can occur in the maxillofacial field had to be considered. Aneurysmal bone cysts mainly occur in patients 10 to 20 years old, so it is of clinical significance for pediatricians and pediatric dentists, who may well be the first to see such patients. This case report shows an ABC unusual in both its clinical findings and the therapy necessary. This article gives a conclusive review of diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment options.

The aneurysmal bone cyst is a type of pseudocysts of the jaw. It is a nonneoplastic lesion of the bone, characterized by replacement with fibro-osseous tissue containing blood-filled sinusoidal or cavernous spaces. The lesion remains a relatively uncommon finding in the facial bones, and the cause and pathogenesis are yet to be elucidated. Aneurysmal bone cyst was first described as a distinct clinical and pathologic entity by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942. Aneurysmal bone cyst comprises 1.5% of all nonodontogenic cysts of the jaws and 1.9% of all aneurysmal bone cysts of skeleton. A rare case of giant aneurysmal bone cyst of mandible in a 10-year-old child is presented, which was managed by surgical curettage with a long-term follow-up.