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Syphilis can mimic, clinically and microscopically, many other diseases. By microscopy, typically syphilis presents with plasma cell infiltration, admixed with lymphocytes and macrophages, in lichenoid and/or perivascular/perineural distribution pattern. When exuberant, this inflammatory infiltrate can mimic a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), notably plasma cell neoplasia or lymphoma. To date, about 12 cases of secondary syphilis, all but one in extraoral location, suggesting initially a LPD, have been published. Here, to our knowledge, we report an unusual case of intraoral primary syphilis initially suggesting LPD, notably lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma); however, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and follicular lymphoma could not be disregarded. Polyclonality of plasma cells on immunohistochemistry, in strict clinical correlation, was essential to arrive at the correct diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case report of a rare finding of intraoral epithelioid and spindle cell hemangioma associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH). Epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is a benign vascular tumor that typically affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In this case, a 58-year-old male patient presented with an asymptomatic gingival lesion. The lesion was surgically removed, and the patient experienced complete healing after 2 months of follow-up. The article provides a detailed analysis of the histopathological features and immunohistochemical findings of the lesion. Treatment for oral EH is typically surgical excision, and the prognosis is usually good. [Extracted from the article]

Fibrous hyperplasia (FH) is a reactive hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue, being considered the most common intraoral lesion. The microscopical differential diagnosis of FH/IFH presenting lipometaplasia includes lipoma, notably low-fat/fat-free spindle cell lipoma (SCL), fibrolipoma, and sclerotic (fibroma-like) lipoma, mesenchymal non-lipogenic neoplasms, such as liponeurofibroma and lipomatous perineurioma, and rare disorders such as benign symmetrical lipomatosis (BSL)[[7], [9], [11], [13]] (Figure 2B,C). Only those FH/IFH cases presenting lipometaplasia supported by typical reactive connective tissue stroma were selected. [Extracted from the article]

Since the publication of Potter et al,[1] few oral cases of elastofibroma, hyperelastosis, and elastofibromatous lesions have been reported in the literature.[[2]] Notably, to date, four cases clinically presenting as leukoplakia, and microscopically diagnosed as elastofibromatous changes, have been published.[[2], [4]] Here, we report two additional cases, which presented with a whitish lesion in the oral mucosa and diagnosed as elastofibromatous lesion, expanding its clinicopathological spectrum. Elastofibroma and elastofibromatous lesion of the oral cavity are tumor-like lesions composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue, which may represent a reactive process associated with friction irritation or trauma.[[1]] Several cases of oral elastofibroma[[1]] and oral elastofibromatous lesion[[4]] have been published. In summary, oral elastofibromatous lesion is a rare lesion, which can present as a mass or polyp or, infrequently, as a white lesion. [Extracted from the article]