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The effects of World Bank's empowerment schemes on nonprofit organizations and government agencies with relation to poverty reduction are presented.

This article explores the ways in which discussions of social capital have emerged within the World Bank, and how they interacted both with project practices and with larger debates in the institution. These debates are understood as a 'battlefield of knowledge', whose form and outcomes are structured but not determined by the political economy of the Bank. Understanding the debates this way has implications for research on the ways in which development discourses are produced and enacted, as well as for more specific discussions of the place of social capital in development studies. The article concludes with a reflection on implications of these debates for future research, policy, and practice., I. INTRODUCTION This article is located at the intersection of two literatures. The first relates to the study of development institutions and the practices that surround the production of discourses [...]

There are divergent interests in involving NGOs in public sector programmes of agricultural development. Some commentators seek to foster popular participation through such involvement, while others view it largely within the logic of public sector cutbacks. Using material primarily from Latin America, and also from Africa and Asia, the potential gains and risks inherent in a range of NGO-government relationships are considered. Strengths and weaknesses in NGO development strategies and practice are reviewed, and potential public sector contributions discussed. While closer relationships between NGOs and governments seem likely to emerge in the context of current public sector reform, the form these relationships will assume is less clear and will probably be highly diverse., The suggestion that agricultural and rural development strategies would benefit from increased collaboration between government and nongovernmental development organisations (NGOs) has become almost commonplace in recent policy discussions [Carroll, 1992; [...]

Of all the social sciences, it is perhaps anthropology that has had the most ambivalent, and often hostile relationship with planned social change. In The Human Factor, Tom Gabriel, an [...]

Latin American environments are contested terrains, fought for by the poor and powerful alike. Any valid analysis of the relationship between environment and development must therefore begin by understanding struggles [...]