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Aims To explore the relationship between serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and metabolic abnormalities in Chinese pregnant women. Materials and Methods We recruited 200 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 211 matched normal control within 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum GDF15 levels of all participants. Then we grouped participants according to the number of metabolic abnormalities (including blood glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure), divided them into a normal metabolic group, one metabolic abnormality group, two or more metabolic abnormalities group. Finally, multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds radio (OR) and 95% CIs expressing the association between GDF15 and metabolic abnormalities in pregnant women. Results Through bivariate correlation analysis, we found that serum GDF15 is linearly correlated with glucose metabolism indices, such as 1h‐PG, 2h‐PG, HbA1c (all P 1), and the risk of multiple metabolic abnormalities was higher. As the number of metabolic abnormalities increased, serum GDF15 levels also were elevated (P, Our results found that the serum growth differentiation factor 15 plays an important role in metabolic abnormalities in the pregnant population and it may provide new ideas for the prevention and diagnosis of metabolic abnormalities during pregnancy. We believe this work is scientifically valid.

Aims/Introduction High plasma 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) levels are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is usually accompanied by metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with increased triglyceride levels. Thus, we hypothesized that elevated CMPF levels might be related to lipid metabolism and NAFLD risk. Materials and Methods Serum CMPF levels were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 466 individuals, including 116 controls with no NAFLD or type 2 diabetes mellitus, 53 individuals with NAFLD but no type 2 diabetes mellitus, 151 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus but no NAFLD, and 146 individuals with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The associations with age, blood pressure, lipid profiles, body mass index and liver injury marker levels were examined, and a meta‐analysis of non‐diabetic and diabetic groups was carried out to detect the combined effects. Results The CMPF concentration in NAFLD patients was significantly lower than individuals without NAFLD in both the non‐diabetic group (P