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Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical, and laboratory factors that may effect the left ventricular mass index in children with stage predialysis chronic renal disease. Method: Children with predialysis chronic renal disease consisted the study group. The weight, height, renal diagnosis and follow-up duration were retrieved from medical records. Instantaneous and ambulatory blood pressure measurements were performed. Laboratory tests were performed. The left ventricular mass index was calculated based on the echocardiographic measurements. Frequency of hypertension was calculated, and the correlation between the clinical and laboratory parameters and the left ventricular mass index was investigated. Results: Mean left ventricular mass index was 48.8±12.74 g/m2.7, and left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 16 (76.1%) patients. Hypertension was detected in 5 (23.8%) patients by instantaneous measurements. However, ambulatory measurements showed systolic and diastolic hypertension in 6 (28.6%) and only diastolic hypertension in 2 (9.5%) patients. A positive and significant correlation was detected between left ventricular mass index and relative body mass index, mean night diastolic blood pressure, night diastolic load and cholesterol level (p<0.05). Also a negative significant correlation between albumin and hemoglobin was detected (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that in predialysis children; ambulatory blood pressure measurement is superior to instantaneous measurements in prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy, and the left ventricular mass index significantly correlates with hemoglobin, cholesterol and albumin levels in addition to blood pressure parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The nasal cavity is anatomically and functionally communicates with eyes, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, middle ear and lower airways. Therefore, comorbid diseases such as asthma, chronic sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy allergic conjunctivitis are common in patients with allergic rhinitis. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of comorbid diseases, clinical features of patients who referred to our outpatient clinic with allergic rhinitis. Method: The study included children aged between 3-17 years who were diagnosed with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis between September 2015 and March 2016 in our pediatric allergy outpatient clinic. Patient files were retrospectively reviewed; comorbid diseases, family history, eosinophil percentage, total IgE level and allergy test results and the number of drugs used were recorded. In the first month of the treatment, visual analog scale was used to score the symptoms. P<0.05 was considered significant in the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 106 patients (33 female, 73 male) with respective median ages of 7.25 and 5.13 years [range: 3.0-17.0, years] were included in the study. In 84.9% of our patients, skin test was positive, and in 69.8% of the patients the symptoms persisted for more than 2 years. The most common comorbid diseases were asthma (52.8%) and adenoid hypertrophy (30.2%). In our study, the incidence of adenoid hypertrophy was higher and total IgE levels were lower in the skin test-negative group (p=0.019, p=0.027). Conclusion: In our study, the most common comorbid diseases in patients with allergic rhinitis were asthma and adenoid hypertrophy, and in the skin test-negative group adenoid hypertrophy was more frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myopathy and pseudohypertrophy of muscles accompanied by acquired or congenital hypothyroidism is called Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome. Kocher-Debre-Seimelaigne syndrome is a rare disorder which is often presented by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, accompanied by polymyositis, pseudohypertrophy in muscles, muscle rigidity, involuntary muscle contractions, exercise intolerance, myxedema, failure to thrive and neuromuscular findings like cretinism. In thus case report, we present a 5-year-old girl with delayed diagnosis of hypothyroidism and poor compliance to treatment. We suspected Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome when she developed difficulty in climbing stairs and walking. She had bilateral pseudohypertrophy of gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles of the lower extremities, elevation in serum creating kinase levels and physical examination findings relevant with myopathy as hypoactive deep tendon reflexes. It was emphasized that this syndrome should not to be overlooked in cases with pseudohypertrophy due to hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Respiratory disorders related to sleeping problems are examined in a wide spectrum ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hypertension and the risk for cardiovascular morbidity because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome have been demonstrated in many previous studies. But, there are limited number of studies demonstrating the influential blood pressure changes during the rime interval from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods: Twenty children who had no obstructive sleep apnea symptoms with tonsillar hypert- rophy (grade 3-4) and twenty children as control subjects (range: 6-13 years) were included in this study. Healthy children consisting of equal number of boys and girls who were in the same age group with the patient group with no complaints were chosen as a control group. All partici- pants were evaluated by twenty 24-ambulatory blood pressure monitorization, and the data obtained were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups as for average blood pressure measurements obtained during the whole day, daytime and at night Still blood pressure load, blood pressure index and blood pressure variability of both groups did not differ statistically significantly. The number of non-dippers in the patient group was greater than the those in the control group. Although intergroup difference did not reach a statistical significance. Conclusion: This study showed that cardiovascular complications like systemic hypertension did not become manifest in children with tonsillar hypertrophy but without any sign of clinical obs- tructive sleep apnea. Higher number of non-dippers in the patient group, reveal the requirement for larger population-based studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic lung disorder marked by recurring episodes of airway obstruction accompanied especially by wheezing and coughing and by a sense of constriction in the chest, and triggered by hyperreactivity to various stimuli. Its pathophysiology involves mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle hypertrophy and airway obstruction. Current therapeutic modalities of asthma have not been proved to be successful in reversing the already established chronic changes in airways. Ultimately, an important part of the treatment will aim at immunomodulation and preventing the chronic irreversible changes in asthma. For this reason interventions including dietary changes before the sensitization and remodelling period would be beneficial in terms of preventing those changes. Very long chain fatty acids are the substrates for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase and give rise to mediators that often have different biological actions or potencies than those formed from arachidonic acid. This paper provides a short synopsis of the immunological pathology of asthma and discusses potential targets for omega-3 fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]