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The present study was aimed at developing capecitabine loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA Cap) based nanoparticles (NPs) formulation as a biodegradable polymeric drug carrier to treat colon cancer. NPs were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, then surface modified using chitosan and encapsulated in Eudragit® S100. Full factorial design (FFD) matrix was used to study the influence of three different independent variables on the responses particle size, Zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. For that, a three-level factorial design experiment was used for obtaining a mathematical model and prediction of the optimized formulation. The optimized PLGA Cap NPs were analyzed using DSC, AFM and Raman chemical spectral mapping. The particle size was found to be 386.13 ± 54.18 nm with polydispersity index 0.28 and Zeta potential of +12.3 ± 2.1 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 63.81 ± 5.69%. In vitro drug release studies results showed a burst release followed by sustained release of Cap in the simulated colonic media with matrix-diffusion assisted drug release. The optimized NPs depicted higher in vitro mucoadhesion compared to the unmodified NPs. In vitro cell line studies showed that the PLGA Cap NPs exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity. The NPs were stable according to studies carried out following ICH Guidelines. All these outcomes signify the promising applicability of the formulated PLGA Cap NPs as a novel and targeted drug delivery system for colon carcinoma therapy with better patient compliance.

Background The aim of the present research was to develop Mannosylated Amphotericin B nanoparticles (AmB-BSA-MAN NPs) for targeting M-cells in Peyers patch to enhance drug transport across the intestinal epithelial barrier. Methods Bovine serum albumin (BSA) stabilized AmB NPs were prepared using liquid anti-solvent (LAS) precipitation technique, and different in process parameters were optimized using I-Optimal Response Surface Methodology. Lyophilized AmB-BSA NPs were crosslinked with mannose (MAN) via carbodiimide method using 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC). Results Prepared NPs were characterized using FT-IR, DSC, XRD, 1H NMR, SEM, and further evaluated for in vitro drug release, macrophage uptake and oral pharmacokinetics studies. FT-IR and 1H NMR results confirmed the compatibility as well as surface grafting of MAN. XRD studies outcomes revealed decreased crystallinity of AmB in the formulation. Fabricated AmB-BSA-MAN NPs were found to be irregular in shape; as confirmed by SEM. The particle size was found to be 303 nm and 352 nm for developed AmB-BSA NPs and AmB-BSA-MAN NPs, respectively. Further, the prepared NPs exhibited superior aqueous solubility and drug release when compared to its pure form. Further, in vitro macrophage uptake of AmB-BSA-MAN NPs in differentiated THP-1 cells was superior to AmB-BSA NPs and AmBisome®, but lesser than Fungizone®. The relative bioavailability of AmB from the prepared AmB-BSA-MAN NPs was found to be 793.2%; fairly higher in contrast to that from the plain AmB. Conclusion Our findings highlight the scope on developing new-fangled oral delivery system for passively targeting M-cells in Peyers patch for more competent and facilitated anti-leishmanial therapy.

The colorectal cancer is the main causative factor for the morbidity and mortality in most of the developed countries. There are two risk factors mainly associated with the colon cancer, first is dietary conditions and the second one is genetic factors. After surgical treatment of colon cancer, the overall survival rate is fifty percentages (50%) and half of the surgery experience has recurrence to patients. The present study has provided a collective systematic review from the previous literatures and the data retrieved from different sources (PubMed, Sci-finder, and Scopus). Diverse research findings from the different organizations were retrieved, collected, compiled, and written in a systematic manner. This review comprehensively covers different approaches of drug delivery that are burgeoning in colorectal cancer treatment. These various approaches of drug delivery based on different anti-cancer drugs formulation (5- fluorouracil, cucumin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel and their combinations) have been proven to be a successful chemotherapeutic approach. Despite of the advancements in surgery as well as in adjuvant therapies, there is no tremendous reduction in colorectal cancer allied mortality. The overall observations and outcomes of this review conclude use of varied novel drug delivery systems viz. nanocarriers-based approaches, nanotheranostics, gene therapy, radiotherapy and other new-fangled drug delivery systems for the treatment of colorectal cancer owing to their effectiveness and safety. The present review suggests that burden of colon cancer is enormously large enough and it should be dealt with apt advanced and promising treatment strategies.

Pancreatic cancer kills countless people every year throughout the globe and persists as one of the extremely lethal diseases that need foremost attention because the overall endurance percentage of pancreatic cancer is very little. Early diagnosis and efficient treatments are two of the biggest hurdles in the fight towards cancer. In the present work, we have reviewed thriving strategies concerning the pancreatic cancer therapy and thoroughly described the most recent developments in emerging modern drug delivery systems focused on and derived from nanotechnology. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have aimed to boost cellular uptake, improve pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs, which consequently have assisted in potent attacking of specific agents for effectual pancreatic cancer therapy. Present review furnishes an insight into current progresses on potential curative targets for pancreatic cancer treatment. This knowledge might be useful as a basis for the potential development of multi-functional nano-constructions for advanced detection of pancreatic cancer as well as its efficient therapy.

Breast Cancer (BC) is a carcinoma of breast tissues, the major recurrent cancer in women and also the foremost cause of death with approximate 5 million annual deaths worldwide. The most developed regions of the world show the highest incidence rate of BC when compared to less developed regions. However, the mortality rate was found to be higher in developing countries. In women with less than 40 years of age, approximately 7% diagnosed as suffering from BC and in women with less than 35 years of age, it was less than 4%. Presently less curative options are available for such patients. Emerging novel delivery systems may result in a promising approach for its early recognition and efficient treatment. Currently, cancer research focuses on improving BC treatment using various novel delivery systems of chemotherapeutic agents such as nanoformulations, liposomes, hydrogels, exosomes, dendrimers, microspheres, microbubbles, phytosomes, micelles, etc. The present review encloses existing assorted novel drug delivery systems and approaches intended for diagnosis and treatment of BC.