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Ecological geology is an emerging interdisciplinary subject, studying the interaction, coordination and balance between geological, ecological and disaster environments driven by multi-sphere mutual feedback effects and human activities on the earth surface. Under the general background of ecological civilization construction in China, the ecological geological environment system is composed by ecological environmental system, geological environmental system and geo-hazard environmental system, which are intercoupling and interacting. The core issue of ecological geology lies in the balance of the eco-geological environmental system, and the prevention and control of disasters. Therefore, this paper proposes four major research frontiers of ecological geology and the eco-geological environmental system: (1) The structure and interaction mechanism of the eco-geological environmental system; (2) The mechanism and pattern of the dynamic balance of the eco-geological environmental system; (3) The symbiotic mutual feedback mechanism and progressive evolution process of ecological damages-soil and water disasters-geological disasters; (4) The dynamic detection, monitoring and early warning, as well as management and mitigation of eco-geological environment risks. The above four components are progressively and interdependently integrated to address the core issue of ecological geology. The proceeding of ecological geology should comprehend the connotation of ecology priority and green development, focus on eco-geological safety and disaster environment system issues, and implement the strategic principle of “firstly strengthening the ecological barrier, and then accelerating high-quality development, finally leading the world pattern”, thereby contributing to scientific and technical supports for the decision and implementation of national strategies such as ecological protection and construction of beautiful China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]