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Aim. The subject of this article is the role of the Finnish Church institution and its influence on shaping the local community. The article presents the possibilities of using and shaping the interiors of temples, depending on the period in which they were created and the function they were to perform. Methods. The authors of the article present the role of Church institution in Finland from the Middle Ages to the present day. The historical educational role of the church and its contemporary community-building function will be outlined. The authors will also present how these assumptions translate into shaping its architecture. Results and conclusion. Despite the considerable secularization of society, the Protestant church in Finland still plays a central role in the local community. The church, with its dominant and educational role in the past, became a companion of the inhabitants, providing them with spaces adapted to their needs, regardless of their age or religion. Once limited, single-space forms of temples, today with an extensive program function as local cultural centers and meeting places adapted to the needs of their users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The subject of the article are types of rental dwelling in contemporary Poland. The aim of this paper is to present the forms of contemporary living in terms of age groups, way of study or work and financing possibilities of Poles compared to other countries in the world. Methods. The authors of the article present selected new forms of rental dwelling in Poland in context of changes after the collapse of communist system in 1989. The article discusses the present situation of Polish real estate market basing on European statistics. It indicates the problem of limited availability of housing and presents solutions implemented by the government and the private sector market. Results and conclusion. Poland is one of the European countries with the highest rate of people living in overcrowded apartments or houses. The solutions introduced by the state in order to increase the availability of housing and allowing the alternative to buying a flat, encounter difficulties with spatial planning regulations. In the absence of sufficient support of the government private sector market see its chance for profit in constructing and renting apartments. Cognitive value. The article describes the phenomenon of a growing private rental, that could be a shift in dwelling characteristic of Poles and influence the housing market. It presents new forms of developments, showing the background of their creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The article discusses the methods and techniques serving the architectural presentation to a diverse audience. The methods of architectural presentation as a key element in the dialogue with the future user of the designed space or building allow presenting the newly designed space to the recipient. Methods. The described ways of presenting the project were divided into material and virtual. The article discusses the most commonly used methods of architectural presentation such as diagrams, visualisation, physical model, virtual model, video, and collage. It analyses their usefulness in terms of reliable communication aiming to inform future users about planned changes. The authors describe in detail the use of architectural models as a technique used to present the project to both professional and non-professional recipients. The pros and cons of each method are discussed. Results and Conclusion. The right choice of presentation method for the addressee allows for a better understanding of the presented idea and, as a result, for more informed choices made by the society, e.g. during public consultations, or by professional decision-making bodies in matters of public space and new architectural objects. There is a wide array of methods for imaging the project vision available today that have their individual features, which can favour or negatively affect the reception of works by falsifying reality or its partial message. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The subject of this work is reduction of architecture complexity to particular image, deprived of its context and time. The author aims to present the problem of perceiving architecture through visual experience only. Methods. The author of the article describes the process of reduction basing on example of iconic sacred building - Church of the Light, designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando. The analysis of all stages of transformation and reinterpretation of original complex design is conducted. The aim is to indicate how misrepresentation of design and reduction to particular image was transferred to architecture once again. Results and Conclusion. The essential conclusion of the article is the impact and power of image culture. The author of the article indicates how contemporary world of pictures influences human perception of space and limit it to one sense - sight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The subject of this work are contemporary methods of designing public space based on cooperation with city users. The typical architecture design process requires transformation to fully use resident's knowledge. Cooperation of architect and experts representing social Þ elds is essential to understand space users and to gather information which helps to design functional space. Methods. The author of the article describes various procedures of designing public space involving citizens, based on experiences of Warsaw (Poland) between 2016 and 2017. The analysis of design processes, during which the information and opinions concerning particular space are gathered, is conducted from the architect's point of view. Results and Conclusion. The gap between designers and inhabitants is one of encountered difÞ culties. The way of Þ lling in this gap is the presented and analyzed process of cooperation with specialists representing social Þ elds. The essential conclusion of the article is the importance of careful preparation of the consultation process and interpretation of the research. It helps to understand space users and their expectations that should be reß ected in architectural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]