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Szypłowska Małgorzata, Gorecka Adrianna, Kuś Adrian, Zaremba Bartłomiej, Obel Michał. Diagnosis and management of lipoedema – a review paper. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(9):494‑499. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.059 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.059 https://zenodo.org/record/4042181 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2020. Revised: 21.09.2020. Accepted: 22.09.2020. Diagnosis and management of lipoedema – a review paper Małgorzata Szypłowska1, Adrianna Gorecka1, Adrian Kuś1, Bartłomiej Zaremba1, Michał Obel2 1Student Research Circle at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin 2Student Research Circle at the Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin Supervisor: PhD Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna3 3Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin Corresponding author: malgorzata.szyplowska@gmail.com Abstract Lipoedema is a chronic progressive disorder of adipose tissue leading to an enlargement of lower extremities. It is considered to be rare; however, the prevalence of the disease is underestimated because it is commonly misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema and the general awareness is poor. The etiology of the disorder is considered to be multifarious, including genetic inheritance, hormonal imbalance and microcirculation alterations. Diagnosis is mainly based on medical history and physical examination. Management of lipoedema is focused on reducing the symptoms, improving the quality of life and preventing further progression of the disease. The aim of this paper is to raise the awareness of the disease and provide appropriate clinical guidance for the assessment of lipoedema. We searched through the PubMed/MEDLINE database and took into consideration all of the results available as of 6 September, 2020 and outlined the current evidence regarding lipoedema epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management. Better understanding of lipoedema is crucial for establishing an early diagnosis and a proper treatment, which in turn will reduce the psychological and physical implications associated with the disease. Key words: lipoedema, lymphoedema, lipolymphoedema

MICHALSKA, Milena, STEC, Albert, LUBASZKA, Zuzanna, ŻUREK, Urszula, FIEGA, Jakub, SZEWCZYK, Dorota, GIL,Aleksandra, SIKORSKI, Piotr & SIKORSKA, Ewa. Insulin resistance, does it exist? The current state of knowledge.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;33(1):33-44.eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.33.01.004 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43717 https://zenodo.org/record/7972737 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 26.04.2023. Revised: 10.05.2023. Accepted: 26.05.2023. Published: 26.05.2023. Insulin resistance, does it exist? The current state of knowledge Milena Michalska, Albert Stec, Zuzanna Lubaszka, Urszula Żurek, Jakub Fiega, DorotaSzewczyk, Aleksandra Gil, Piotr Sikorski, Ewa Sikorska Milena Michalska ORCiD: 0000-0002-8052-5661, e-mail: milena.michalska@interia.euPaństwowy Instytut Medyczny MSWiA ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warszawa,Poland Albert Stec ORCiD: 0000-0002-9719-8185, e-mail:albertmstec@gmail.com Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 82A, Warszawa, Poland Zuzanna Lubaszka ORCiD: 0009-0008-3034-1697, e-mail: zuzannalubaszka97@gmail.comWojewódzki Szpital Zespolony w Kielcach, ul. Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce,Poland Urszula Żurek ORCiD: 0009-0008-3482-5381, e-mail: ula.zurek@gmail.comWarszawski Szpital Południowy, ul. rtm. Witolda Pileckiego 99, 02-781 Warszawa,Poland Jakub Fiega ORCiD: 0009-0007-9188-1382, e-mail: fiegajakub@gmail.comWojewódzki Szpital Zespolony w Kielcach, ul. Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce,Poland Dorota Szewczyk ORCiD: 0009-0008-9269-2687 e-mail: dorota.szewczyk10@gmail.comMiędzyleski Szpital Specjalistyczny w Warszawie, ul. Bursztynowa 2, 04-749, Warszawa,Poland Aleksandra Gil ORCiD: 0009-0009-5382-0196, e-mail: aleksandragil1238@gmail.comUniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, ul. aleja IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce,Poland Piotr Sikorski ORCiD: 0000-0003-1629-2784, sikorski_piotr@icloud.comWarszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa,Poland Ewa Sikorska ORCiD: 0000-0003-2352-650X, e-mail:ewa.sikorska@wum.edu.pl Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul. Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland Abstract Insulin resistance is a growing concern worldwide, affecting millions of people and increasing the risk of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and fatty liver disease. This paper aims to display the symptoms of insulin resistance and the importance of early detection through various diagnostic tests such as fasting insulin levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HOMA-IR scores. Despite the high prevalence of insulin resistance, there is currently no known cure for this condition as it is not a disease in itself. However, lifestyle modifications, including exercise and dietary changes, can effectively manageandpreventtheprogressionofinsulinresistanceanditsassociatedcomplications.This study emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about insulin resistance and its adverse effects on individuals' health and the healthcare system's burden. Early detection and management of insulin resistance can significantly reduce the risk of developing metabolic disorders and prevent serious healthcomplications. Keywords: insulin resistance, sugar metabolism

STAWIKOWSKI, Cezary, ZIELONKA, Bartłomiej, KOWALCZYK, Ilona, STACHYRA, Bartłomiej, WOLANIN, Marta, OSIŃSKA, Aleksandra, WOLANIN, Izabela, KRAWIEC, Paulina, MADEJ, Karolina & DENGLER, Barbara. Cardiac rehabilitation in the Comprehensive Cardiac Care program in the time of a COVID – 19 pandemic. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;32(1):101-108.eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.32.01.008 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43636 https://zenodo.org/record/7962119 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 19.04.2023. Revised: 10.05.2023. Accepted: 23.05.2023. Published: 23.05.2023. Cardiac rehabilitation in the Comprehensive Cardiac Care program in the time of a COVID – 19 pandemic Rehabilitacja Kardiologiczna w programie Koordynowanej Opieki Specjalistycznej w czasach pandemii COVID - 19 Cezary Stawikowski1, Bartłomiej Zielonka2, Ilona Kowalczyk3, Bartłomiej Stachyra4, Marta Wolanin5, Aleksandra Osińska6, Izabela Wolanin7, Paulina Krawiec8, Karolina Madej9, Barbara Dengler10 Cezary Stawikowski1 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-8617 cezary.stawikowski@gmail.com Bartłomiej Zielonka2 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-1342 bvrtlomiej.zi@gmail.com Ilona Kowalczyk3 Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny im. prof. W. Orłowskiego CMKP w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-3068 ilonaxkowalczyk@gmail.com Bartłomiej Stachyra4 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2119-416X bartlomiejstachyra@gmail.com Marta Wolanin5 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3988-346X marta.wolanin03@gmail.com Aleksandra Osińska6 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0351-9724 aleksandraosinska23@gmail.com Izabela Wolanin7 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3290-5635 izabela-wolanin@wp.pl Paulina Krawiec8 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-5837 paulina.krawiec96@gmail.com Karolina Madej9 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4571-6650 karolinamadej01@gmail.com Barbara Dengler10 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8220-8264 barbaradengler@poczta.fm Autor korespondencyjny : Cezary Stawikowski1 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-8617 cezary.stawikowski@gmail.com ABSTRACT Introduction and purpose: Cardiac rehabilitation in patients after myocardial infarction is an established form of therapy. Its main tasks in the context of the implementation of the KOS program are to improve quality of life, consolidate the effects of hospital treatment and ensure better functioning after a cardiovascular incident. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current level of knowledge regarding cardiac rehabilitation of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Description of the state of knowledge: COVID-19 poses a significant threat to patients with cardiovascular disease. Physiotherapy in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit involves a step-by-step, individualized rehabilitation plan in accordance with the patient's condition. An important tool for clinical evaluation is capacity tests, the results of which provide key information for the rehabilitation team in selecting exercise intensity. These tests are performed on the first and last days of rehabilitation. In Polish conditions, the most common tests examining capacity are an exercise test on a treadmill or bicycle cycler or a 6-minute walk test. Due to the diversion of a significant number of specialists and health care teams to treat COVID - 19 patients, access to the possibility of implementing the various stages of the Coordinated Specialized Care program after myocardial infarction has been limited. Summary: Post-infection patients are often forced to live a sparing lifestyle. They show reduced exercise tolerance and easier fatigability. With these aspects in mind, improving the quality of life of patients after cardiovascular incidents in the era of the pandemic requires even greater involvement of the entire rehabilitation team. Key words: COVID-19, cardiac rehabilitation, physical therapy modalities, pandemics

JANCZEWSKA, Martyna, KALICKA, Maria, PIEKARSKA, Małgorzata, KASPERSKI, Radosław, KOBAK, Joanna, GRYTA, Jakub, IWAN, Karolina & KRYSA, Tomasz. Dealing with the most common side effect of statins.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;31(1):11-16.eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.31.01.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43663 https://zenodo.org/record/7940890 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.04.2023. Revised: 10.05.2023. Accepted: 16.05.2023. Published: 16.05.2023. Dealing with the most common side effect of statins Martyna Janczewska, Maria Kalicka, Karolina Iwan, Jakub Gryta, Małgorzata Piekarska, Radosław Kasperski, Joanna Kobak, Tomasz Krysa Martyna Janczewska1email: m.janczewska2002@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-1310-4776 Maria Kalicka2 email: mariakalicka96@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-7246-6737 Małgorzata Piekarska3email: piekarska13@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4923 Radosław Kasperski3 email:r.kasperski95@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-7364-3205 Joanna Kobak4email:kobak.joannaelzbieta@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-2588-2436 Jakub Gryta2email: kubagryta74@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-2088-6622 Karolina Iawan2email: iwan.karolina95@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-6570-4293 Tomasz Krysa3 email: tomek.krysa96@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0002-9644-1235 1Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie, ul. Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin 21 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie, al. Racławickie 23, 20-049 Lublin 3Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, 4Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Correspondence:Martyna Janczewska, m.janczewska2002@gmail.com Abstract: Statins are one of the key drugs in the treatment of cardiology patients. They lower LDL cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Statins are among the best studied drugs, and have been proven to be effective and safe in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Data presented in studies on the prevalence of statin intolerance (SI) varies widely, according to some studies, statin tolerance is the same as placebo, however, this is a common problem in clinical practice. The most common reported symptoms of SI include muscle pain. Patients are often afraid of starting satin treatment because of possible side effects. The appearance of myopathy in patients results in their discontinuation of therapy, which results in increased cardiovascular risk. In order to minimize the risk of SI, particularly statin-associated muscular pain (SI), a key role is played by discussion with the patient, exclusion of nocebo effects, identification of risk factors, dose modification and possible discontinuation of the drug. The purpose of this paper is to review the problem of the most common of the adverse effects of statins- myopathy, in terms of incidence, probable cause, and recommended treatment of patients. Key words: Cardiovascular risk, LDL cholesterol, Lipid-lowering therapy, dyslipidemia, Intolerance

BOITSANIUK, Svitlana, CHORNIY, Sofiia, MANASHCHUK, Nadia, CHORNIJ, Natalia, POHORETSKA, Khrystyna, PATSKAN,Lyudmula & LEVKIV, Mariana. Oral cavity health and remedy options to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;27(1):53-65. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.27.01.005 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43897 https://zenodo.org/record/7911731 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 04.03.2023. Revised: 20.04.2023. Accepted: 09.05.2023. Published: 09.05.2023. ORAL CAVITY HEALTH AND REMEDY OPTIONS TO STIMULATE EPITHELIZATION OF ORAL MUCOSA Boitsaniuk Svitlana, Chorniy Sofiia, Manashchuk Nadia, Chornij Natalia, Pohoretska Khrystyna, Patskan Lyudmula, Levkiv Mariana* *levkiv@tdmu.edu.ua Author for correspondence: Levkiv Mariana: levkiv@tdmu.edu.ua Boitsaniuk Svitlana, 0000-0001-7742-1346 A, E, F Chorniy Sofiia, 0000-0003-2718-5191 B,C,E Manashchuk Nadia, 0000-0001-6898-1149 A, B, E Chornij Natalia, 0000-0001-8145-7931 A, B, D Pohoretska Khrystyna, 0000-0002-6505-6086 B,C,F Patskan Lyudmula, 0000-0003-2584-5942 B,C,E Levkiv Mariana 0000–0001–7327–051X A, D, E A – Work concept and design B – Data collection and analysis C – Responsibility for statistical analysis D – Writing the article E – Critical review F – Final approval of the article. Boitsaniuk Svitlana, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Therapy, Dean of Dentistry Faculty, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine; boucanuk@tdmu.edu.ua. 0000-0001-7742-1346 Chorniy Sofiia Student of I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine;chornij_sofvol@tdmu.edu.ua. 0000-0003-2718-5191 Manashchuk Nadia, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine;manashchukn@tdmu.edu.ua.0000-0001-6898-1149 Chornij Natalia, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine; chornij@tdmu.edu.ua. 0000-0001-8145-7931 Pohoretska Khrystyna, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine;pogoretska@tdmu.edu.ua. 0000-0002-6505-6086 Patskan Lyudmula, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine;patskan@tdmu.edu.ua. 0000-0003-2584-5942 Levkiv Mariana,PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dentistry, I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46000 Ternopil, Ukraine;levkiv@tdmu.edu.ua. 0000–0001–7327–051X ABSTRACT Oral mucosa is an inner lining of oral cavity, which maintains different functions including protection of epithelial integrity. Pathology of oral mucosa can develop in response to the action of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, and various traumatic factors; it can be a result of systemic pathology of a patient as well. Pain and discomfort usually accompanies such conditions leading to decrease of patient wellbeing. The basis of the pharmacological regulation of the regeneration process is the stimulation of wound healing. The aim isto summarize and discuss the spectrum of remedy options that are used to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa. The overall goal of the paper is to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about medicament variety, ways of theirs application and dosage. Methods.Relevant literature from MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and in open access journals which are published by Elsevier was selected using the following key words «oral mucosa», «epithelization», and «remedy» were used in various combinationsby the year of 2023. In total there were found 48 papers. To the selected scientific papers we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the relevant ones. Results.A comprehensive study of the available information related to means and products for epitelization of oral mucosa was carried out. Different groups of drugs can be used to stimulate regeneration process. The choice is set on vitamins, steroid anabolic agents, nonsteroidal anabolic agents, biogenic stimulants, immunomodulatory drugs, non-specific regeneration stimulators of plant and animal origin. Conclusions.A significant number of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are available nowadays on dental market. Numerous studies, both domestic and foreign, substantiates the effectiveness of their use in dentistry. Therefore, when choosing pharmacological drugs, preference is given to drugs with a complex effect, which locally affect various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of the occurrence of diseases and do not disturb human wellbeing. KEYWORDS: topical retinoid, oral mucosa, epithelization, herbal remedy, oral cavity

GACOŃ, Ewa, ZEMBALA, Julita, KUCHARSKI, Jakub, ZĄBER, Aldona & ZAPAŁA, Brygida. Long way to diagnosis – case report of 23-year old patient with multifocal abdominal endometriosis.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;27(1):71-75. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.27.01.007 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43412 https://zenodo.org/record/7915565 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 04.04.2023. Revised: 20.04.2023. Accepted: 09.05.2023. Published: 09.05.2023. Long way to diagnosis – case report of 23-year-old patient with multifocal abdominal endometriosis Ewa Gacoń Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8080-2655 Julita Zembala Szpital Kliniczny Dzieciątka Jezus w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-5691 Jakub Kucharski Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2517-7243 Aldona Ząber Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny Państwowy Instytut Badawczy https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3577-3203 Brygida Zapała Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1579-5697 Streszczenie: Endometrioza jest to przewlekła choroba ginekologiczna polegająca na występowaniu błony śluzowej trzonu macicy wykazującej czynność zgodną z cyklem miesiączkowym poza jej typowym umiejscowieniem. Schorzenie to w istotny sposób obniża jakość życia kobiet mierzących się z licznymi dolegliwościami, najczęściej bólowymi oraz może doprowadzić do ograniczenia płodności. Częstość występowania endometriozy jest trudna do określenia ze względu na złożoną i długotrwałą diagnostykę. Szacuje się, że choroba ta występuje u 3-8% kobiet w wieku rozrodczym, a objawy mogą pojawiać się również po menopauzie. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt, że niejednokrotnie związek pomiędzy stopniem zaawansowania choroby a nasileniem objawów endometriozy nie jest proporcjonalny. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie przypadku 23-letniej pacjentki chorej na endometriozę, różnicowanie choroby z zespołem jelita drażliwego oraz zwrócenie uwagi na trudny i długotrwały proces diagnostyki ze względu na mnogość objawów z różnych narządów. Materiał i metody: Studium indywidualnego przypadku pacjentki oraz przegląd artykułów naukowych dostępnych w Google Scholar oraz przegląd ogólnodostępnych podręczników z zakresu medycyny. Praca podkreśla konieczność poszerzenia wiedzy na temat endometriozy przez specjalistów wielu dziedzin medycyny oraz wskazuje na brak szybkich, małoinwazyjnych badań umożliwiających sprawną diagnostykę choroby. Zwiększenie świadomości lekarzy - w tym innych specjalności niż ginekologia, organizowanie kampanii na rzecz zwiększenia świadomości istnienia choroby wśród kobiet może przyczynić się do wcześniejszego diagnozowania, wcześniejszego zastosowania skutecznego leczenia oraz poprawy komfortu życia pacjentek. Słowa kluczowe: endometrioza; endometrium; choroba przewlekła Abstract: Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological disease characterized by the presence of the uterine mucosa that functions in accordance with the menstrual cycle outside of its usual location. This disease significantly reduces the quality of life of women facing numerous ailments, most often pain, and may lead to reduced fertility. The prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine due to the complexity and lengthy diagnosis. It is estimated that this disease occurs in 3-8% of women of reproductive age, and symptoms may also appear after menopause. It is worth noting that the relationship between the disease's severity and endometriosis symptoms is often not proportional. The aim of the paper is to present a case report of a 23-year-old female patient with endometriosis, to differentiate the disease from irritable bowel syndrome and to draw attention to the problematic and lengthy diagnostic process due to the multitude of symptoms from various organs. Material and method: Study of an individual case of a patient and a review of scientific articles available in Google Scholar and a review of publicly available textbooks in the field of medicine. The paper emphasizes the need to broaden the knowledge about endometriosis by specialists in many fields of medicine and points to the lack of quick, minimally invasive tests enabling efficient diagnosis of the disease. Increasing the awareness of doctors including other specializations than gynaecology, organizing campaigns to increase awareness of the disease among women, which may contribute to earlier diagnosis of patients, earlier application of an effective treatment, and improvement of patients' quality of life. Keywords:endometriosis; endometrium; chronic disease

TANG, Ying. International Chinese Language Education in the Context of Third Language Acquisition: the Value, Connotation and Practical Approaches.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;24(1):28-43. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.24.01.003 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43329 https://zenodo.org/record/7872765 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 29.03.2023. Revised: 10.04.2023. Accepted: 24.04.2023. Published: 28.04.2023. International Chinese Language Education in the Context of Third LanguageAcquisition: the Value, Connotationand Practical Approaches Ms. YingTang1,2 Faculty of Education, Southwest University,Chongqing, China Academic Affairs Office, Chongqing University of Science & Technology,Chongqing, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9896-4291tangying@cqust.edu.cn Abstract International Chinese language education has long been incorporated into the theoretical framework of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), while Chinese is being learned as a third language in most overseas countries. Introducing the theory of third language acquisition sheds light on the pattern of Chinese language acquisition for multilingual learners and promotes the further development of international Chinese language education. This paper examines the history, content, and current status of research on third language acquisition and identifies three aspects of the relationship between pedagogical elements in international Chinese education and the paradigm of third language acquisition: the cognitive advantage of multilingual learners firstly promotes the transformation of instructional goals from perceptual to rational cognition; secondly, interlanguage transfer and affective strategy convergence prompt teaching approaches to expand beyond the theory of third language; thirdly, constructing a model for third language acquisition can enhance the explanatory power of second language teaching theory in international Chinese language education.This research highlights the potential benefits of incorporating third language acquisition into teaching models that align with the cognitive processes of multilingual learners. It emphasizes the need for specialized teaching materials that adhere to the principles of third language acquisition, utilizing a “practice-evaluate-develop” model to integrate language meaning, form, and use as content. Ultimately, this approach can facilitate the development of multilingualism with a focus on commonality, distance and awareness of languages among learners. Keywords:third language acquisition, second language acquisition, international Chinese language education

AAB, Arkadiusz & ZARAŃSKA, Julia. Pioglitazone - the forgotten drug with multidirectional action.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;24(1):11-19. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.24.01.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43346 https://zenodo.org/record/7863769 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 30.03.2023. Revised: 10.04.2023. Accepted: 24.04.2023. Published: 25.04.2023. Pioglitazone - the forgotten drug with multidirectional action Pioglitazon - zapomniany lek o wielokierunkowym działaniu Arkadiusz Aab Clinical Regional Hospital No. 2 of St. Jadwiga The Queen in Rzeszów, ul. Lwowska 60, 35-301–Rzeszów ORCID 0009-0002-3329-2620 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3329-2620 arcziaab@gmail.com Julia Zarańska City Hospital of John Paul II in Rzeszów, ul. Rycerska 4, 35-241–Rzeszów ORCID 0009-0004-4080-0472 https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4080-0472 zaranskaj@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Introduction:Pioglitazone (PG)which belongs to thiazolidinedione classis a drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PG increases the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common and fastest developing diseases. The antihyperglycemic effect of pioglitazone (PG) is not its onlyone.This drug has a number of othermetabolically beneficial effects. Many outcome trials indicate a positive impact of PG on the functioning of other systems. Aim of the study:The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone based on the available scientific literature. Materials and methods:Literature review based on PubMed, Google Scholar database using the following phrases: pioglitazone, type 2 diabetes, pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapy, pioglitazone and cardiovascular risk, pioglitazone nephroprotective effect, pioglitazone safety profile. State of knowledge:Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic drug used in the therapy of T2DM. PG belongs to the ‘insulin- sensitizers’. It is included in the treatment in the case of intolerance, contraindications to metformin or as part of combination therapy. Conclusions:Recently, interest in pioglitazone has waned due to the perception of significant side effects. The analysis of the papers showed a positive effect of PG on the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, NAFLD and nephroprotection. The acceptable safety profile of pioglitazone with the appropriate selection of patients as well as its multidirectional action and effectiveness mean that clinicians should reconsider the use of this drugguided bythe balance of profits and losses. Key words:pioglitazone, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, NAFLD, cardiovascular risk, nephroprotection ABSTRAKT: Wstęp:Pioglitazon należący do grupy pochodnych tiazolidynodionu jest lekiem stosowanym w terapii cukrzycy typu 2 zwiększającym insulinowrażliwość tkanek obwodowych. Cukrzyca typu 2 (T2DM) należy do najczęstszych i najszybciej rozwijających się chorób. Efekt przeciwhiperglikemiczny pioglitazonu (PG) nie jest jego jedynym działaniem. Lek ten wykazuje szereg innych korzystnych metabolicznie efektów. Wiele analiz wskazuje na pozytywny wpływ PG na funkcjonowanie innych układów. Cel pracy:Celem niniejszej pracy jest podsumowanie dotychczasowej wiedzy na temat skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa stosowania pioglitazonu na podstawie dostępnego piśmiennictwa naukowego. Materiały i metody:Przegląd literatury na podstawie danych PubMed, Google Scholar z wykorzystaniem następujących fraz: pioglitazon, cukrzyca typu 2, pioglitazon w terapii niealkoholowej stłuszczeniowej choroby wątroby (NAFLD), pioglitazon a ryzyko sercowo-naczyniowe, nefroprotekcyjne działanie pioglitazonu, profil bezpieczeństwa pioglitazonu. Stan wiedzy:Pioglitazon jest doustnym lekiem przeciwcukrzycowym stosowanym w farmakoterapii T2DM. PG należy do tzw. „uwrażliwiaczy” tkanek na insulinę. Jest włączany do leczenia w przypadku nietolerancji, przeciwwskazań na metforminę lub jako element terapii skojarzonej. Konkluzje:W ostatnim czasie zainteresowanie pioglitazonem zmalało z powodu dotychczasowego przekonania o znaczących efektach ubocznych. Analiza prac dowiodła o pozytywnym wpływie PG na układ sercowo-naczyniowy, centralny układ nerwowy, NAFLD oraz nefroprotekcję. Akceptowalny profil bezpieczeństwa pioglitazonu przy odpowiednim doborze pacjentów oraz jego wielokierunkowe działanie i skuteczność sprawiają, iż klinicyści przy użyciu bilansu zysków i strat powinni powtórnie rozważyć zasadność stosowania tego leku. Słowa kluczowe:pioglitazon, cukrzyca typu 2, insulinooporność, NAFLD, ryzyko sercowo-naczyniowe, nefroprotekcja.

BRZUSZKIEWICZ, Kinga, RUDZIŃSKI, Gracjan, ŁOZOWSKI, Borys, RACZKIEWICZ, Przemysław, KUSAK, Natalia & SOROKA, Ewelina. The role of environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;23(1):52-70. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.23.01.006 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43381 https://zenodo.org/record/7861500 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.04.2023. Revised: 10.04.2023. Accepted: 24.04.2023. Published: 24.04.2023. The role of environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia Kinga Brzuszkiewicz Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-027X Gracjan Rudziński Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-9144 Borys Łozowski Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-040X Przemysław Raczkiewicz Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-4833 Natalia Kusak Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5459-6768 Ewelina Soroka II Klinika Psychiatrii i Rehabilitacji Psychicznej, Wydział Lekarski, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-2749 Keywords: hypothesis of schizophrenia, schizophrenia, environmental factors Abstract Introduction: Schizophrenia is a psychotic disease characterized by multifaceted psychopathology. To date, research has shown that it is an inherited disease and significant progress has been made in identifying genetic risk factors. Methods: This paper summarizes the current and most recent findings on the role of environmental factors, and demonstrates the continued need for more in-depth research to better understand how this type of disorder occurs. Results: Recent studies show that 15-40% of the risk that comes from environmental sources is not fully understood. Environmental factors that have been repeatedly studied and have been proven to influence the development of the disease include: obstetric complications, infections, childbirth in the winter or spring month, living in the city, severe childhood events or marijuana use. Discussion: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that remains poorly understood. A full picture of how genetic and environmental risk factors affect the risk of developing schizophrenia requires an understanding of the interactions between them. It should be taken into account that for this disorder, the interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors are also not well understood and deserve further research in the future. In the case of schizophrenia, the interactions between environmental and genetic risk factors are not well understood and still require further research. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the disease is extremely important, as it may have an impact on taking measures to prevent the development of the disorder. In addition, their discovery will help improve treatment. In conclusion, it is important to emphasize the need for further research to better understand the impact of environmental factors on the development of susceptibility to a mental disorder such as schizophrenia.

WIĘCKOWSKA-DEROŃ, Marta, LESZCZ, Monika, BIEŃKO, Karolina, BIAŁEK, Justyna, ĆWIK-BŁOTNICKA, Dominika & BORCZYK, Joanna. SIBO - the present knowledge within the contekst of clinical dependencies and therapy.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;23(1):22-27. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.23.01.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43403 https://zenodo.org/record/7858382 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.04.2023. Revised: 10.04.2023. Accepted: 24.04.2023. Published: 24.04.2023. SIBO- the present knowledge within the contekst of clinical dependencies and therapy SIBO- stan wiedzy o zaburzeniu w kontekście powiązań klinicznych i terapii Autorzy: Marta Więckowska-Deroń, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-8370 Monika Leszcz, Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Radzyniu Podlaskim, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-5890 Karolina Bieńko, Specjalistyczny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 1 w Lublinie, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-9224 Justyna Białek, Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki Nr 2 im. Św. Jadwigi Królowej w Rzeszowie, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-3395 Dominika Ćwik-Błotnicka, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Lublinie, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2556-2800 Joanna Borczyk, Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Krakowie, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5757-6668 Abstract Introduction:The gut microbiome is an integral part of the body, and the eubiosis conditio significantly influences homeostasis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is connected with an increased numer of bacteria, it causes gastrointestinal symptoms. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. SIBO correlates with the occurrence of other chronic diseases. The basis of treatment are antibiotics. There are also scientific reports on supplementing pharmacological therapy with dietary management. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. Particular attention took notice of to the relationship between SIBO and other chronic diseases as well as potential and applied treatments. Material and methods: The review includes publications published in 2020-2023 and certain works published earlier, in the years 2008-2017. Data were collected using PubMed, ScienceDirect i Google Scholar. Results: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is heterogeneous disorder. Its symptoms are nonspecific. SIBO is related to several different diseases and corresponds with them. Empirical treatment consists in administration of antibiotics. Supplementing therapy with alternative methods for example probiotic and diet therapy promotes success in treating. Conclusions: The lack of standarized therapeutic menagment and focused on bacterial eradication only approach makes, SIBO is recurrent ailment. More research is needed. The important thing is holistic approach on etiology, pathogenesis and therapy. Keywords:microbiota, SIBO, homeostasis, dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, therapy Streszczenie Wstęp:Mikrobiom jelitowy jest integralną częścią organizmu, a stan eubiozy znacząco wpływa na homeostazę. Zespół rozrostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego (SIBO) jest związany z nadmierną ilością bakterii, co powoduje objawy ze strony przewodu pokarmowego. Główne symptomy to bóle brzucha, wzdęcia, biegunki. SIBO koreluje z występowaniem innych chorób przewlekłych. Podstawą leczenia są antybiotyki. Dostępne są również doniesienia naukowe dotyczące uzupełnienia terapii farmakologicznej postępowaniem dietetycznym. Cel: Celem pracy jest przegląd aktualnej wiedzy dotyczącej zespołu rozrostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zależności SIBO i innych przewlekłych chorób oraz na potencjalne i stosowane metody leczenia. Materiał i metody: Przegląd obejmuje publikacje wydane w 2020-2023r. oraz niektóre prace wydane wcześniej w latach 2008-2017. Dane zostały zgromadzone w oparciu o bazy danych PubMed, ScienceDirect i Google Scholar. Wyniki: Zespół rozrostu bakteryjnego jest heterogennym zaburzeniem. Jego objawy są niespecyficzne. SIBO jest związane z wieloma jednostkami chorobowymi i pozostaje z nimi w zależnościach. Leczenie empiryczne polega na podawaniu antybiotyków. Uzupełnianie terapii alternatywnymi sposobami takimi jak probiotykoterapia i dietoterapia sprzyja osiąganiu sukcesu terapeutycznego. Wnioski: Brak standaryzowanego postępowania terapeutycznego oraz podejście skoncentrowane jedynie na eradykacji bakterii sprawia, że SIBO jest nawracającą dolegliwością. Konieczne są dalsze badania. Ważne jest holistyczne podejście do etiologii i patogenezy oraz terapii zaburzenia. Słowa klucze: mikrobiota, SIBO, homeostaza, dysbioza, rozrost mikroflory jelita cienkiego, terapia

MILECKA, Dorota, HOMĘTOWSKA, Henryka & MANULIK, Stanisław. The rationing of nursing care phenomenon in the light of scientific reports – personnel shortages, system requirements, consequences – PART II.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;23(1):11-21. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.23.01.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43392 https://zenodo.org/record/7857730 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.04.2023. Revised: 10.04.2023. Accepted: 24.04.2023. Published: 24.04.2023. The rationing of nursing care phenomenon in the light of scientific reports – personnel shortages, system requirements, consequences – PART II Zjawisko racjonowania opieki pielęgniarskiejw świetle aktualnych doniesień naukowych – niedobory personelu, zapotrzebowanie systemowe, konsekwencje – CZĘŚĆ II Dorota Milecka1,*, Henryka Homętowska2, Stanisław Manulik3 1 Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, State Higher Vocational School in Glogow, 67-200 Glogow, Poland E-mail: d.milecka@pwsz.glogow.pl ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-0107 2 Specialist Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Głuchołazy, 48-340 Głuchołazy, Poland E-mail: hometowskah@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-570X 3 Division of Family and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland E-mail: stanislaw.manulik@umw.edu.pl ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-161X Corresponding author: Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, State Higher Vocational School in Glogow, Piotra Skargi 5, 67-200 Glogow, Poland; E-mail: d.milecka@pwsz.glogow.pl Abstract Rationing of nursing care is a widespread and growing phenomenon whose causes are multifaceted and whose consequences are serious. Nursing rationing is defined as withholding or failing to perform necessary nursing tasks due to insufficient time, staffing, and/or inadequate skills. Nursing rationing is also defined as omission, delay, failure to complete, which qualifies as an error of omission. Unfinished nursing care has many negative consequences for patients, nurses and organizations. The presented series of three papers aims to show many important aspects related to rationing of care. This second part of the series of rationing of nursing care phenomenon will address the nursing shortages and demand for nursing care, nursing staffing rates and government policy, the effects of inadequate nursing care on patients and nursing staff, and the economic and social effects of inadequate nursing care. Keywords:rationing nursing care; staffing shortages; system demand; implications; research reports.

SNOPKOWSKI, Bartosz, SZPONAROWICZ, Patrycja, PANEK, Eliasz, JASŁOWSKI, Damian, RZESZUTKO, Mateusz, RACZKIEWICZ, Przemysław, PANASIUK, Dominika, SKRĘTOWICZ, Mateusz, KORZEC, Tomasz & SOSNOWSKI, Jakub. Impact of sleep disorders on cardiovascular diseases.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;20(1):45-52. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.20.01.005 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43256 https://zenodo.org/record/7823662 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.03.2023. Revised: 22.03.2023. Accepted: 12.04.2023. Published: 13.04.2023. Impact of sleep disorders on cardiovascular diseases Wpływ zaburzeń snu na choroby układu sercowo-naczyniowego Bartosz Snopkowski barteksnopkowski@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2800-592X 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Lublinie Patrycja Szponarowicz szponarowicz.p@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1403-8379 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Lublinie Eliasz Panek eliaszpanek@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3291-8188 Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego w Lublinie Damian Jasłowski damian.jaslowski997@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1943-7213 Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego w Lublinie Mateusz Rzeszutko mateuszrzeszutko8@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1368-551X Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Wojewódzki im. Jana Pawła II w Zamościu Przemysław Raczkiewicz 600700200x@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-4833 Students’ Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland Dominika Panasiuk domin.panasiuk@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-2630 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Lublinie Mateusz Skrętowicz mateusz.skretowicz@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8889-4718 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Lublinie Tomasz Korzec tkorzec96@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9396-951X Szpital Wojewódzki Im.Św.Łukasza Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Tarnowie Jakub Sosnowski kubasosnowski1@wp.pl https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5590-9653 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Lublinie ABSTRACT: Introduction and purpose:Sleep disorders are a diverse and widespread group of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature and to summarize how selected sleep disorders affect the development of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke. Methods and materials:Materials available in the PubMed and Google Scholar database were analyzed using the keywords “sleep disorders”; “sleep apnea”; “insomnia”; “restless legs syndrome”; “cardiovascular disease”; “hypertension”; “coronary artery disease”; “stroke " in various configurations. State of knowledge:Sleep disorders are a wide group of diseases with a diverse phenotype and pathomechanism, having a diverse impact on the condition of the cardiovascular system, leading to the development of diseases in the above system. Summary:The risk of developing hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke depends on the accompanying sleep disorders. Occurs with obstructive sleep apnea and sleep shortening. The correlation of restless legs syndrome to stroke is unclear. The relationship between insomnia and hypertension and stroke is not clarified. Keywords: sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea, insomnia, restless legs syndrome. ABSTRACT: Wprowadzenie i cel pracy:Zaburzenia snu są różnorodną i szeroką rozpowszechnioną grupą schorzeń oddziałującą na układ sercowo-naczyniowy. Celem tej pracy jest przegląd dostępnego piśmiennictwa i podsumowanie jak wybrane zaburzenia snu wpływają rozwój nadciśnienia, choroby niedokrwiennej serca oraz udaru. Metodyka i materiały:Przeanalizowano materiały dostępne w bazie PubMed i Google Scholar z użyciem słów kluczowych “sleep disorders”; “sleep apnea”; “insomnia”; “restless legs syndrome”; “cardiovascular disease”; “hypertension”; “coronary artery disease”; “stroke” w różnych konfiguracjach. Stan wiedzy:Zaburzenia snu to szeroka grupa chorób, o zróżnicowanym fenotypie i patomechanizmie, posiadające różnorodny wpływ na kondycje układu sercowo-naczyniowego prowadząc do rozwoju w schorzeń w powyższym systemie. Podsumowanie:Ryzyko rozwoju nadciśnienia, choroby niedokrwiennej serca oraz udaru zależne jest zależne od towarzyszących zaburzeń snu. Występuje przy obturacyjnych bezdechu sennym i skróceniu snu. Korelacja zespołu niespokojnych nóg przy udarze jest niejasna. Zależność między bezsennością, a nadciśnieniem i udarem nie jest wyjaśniona. Słowa klucze:zaburzenia snu, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe, bezdech senny, bezsenność, zespół niespokojnych nóg.

STRZODA, Adam, KAMIŃSKA, Magdalena, STRZODA, Anna, STRZODA, Agata, SOWIŃSKI, Wojciech, ZDYBEL, Michał, JUDA, Agata & ROJEK, Kornelia. Fragile X syndrome - insight into what we know and prospects.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;19(1):59-63. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.19.01.006 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43229 https://zenodo.org/record/7810907 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.03.2023. Revised: 20.03.2023. Accepted: 08.04.2023. Published: 08.04.2023. Fragile X syndrome- insight into what we know and prospects Adam Strzoda1[coresponding author], Magdalena Kamińska1,Anna Strzoda1, Agata Strzoda2, WojciechSowiński1, Michał Zdybel1, Agata Juda1, Kornelia Rojek1 1Medical University of Lublin,Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland 2 Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Medical Department:Warsaw,Mazowieckie, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warszawa,Poland Adam Strzoda: adamjanstrzoda@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-2664 Magdalena Kamińska: mkaminska99@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7624-4146 Anna Strzoda: annastrzoda2000@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-3531 Agata Strzoda: agata.strzoda@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-005X Wojciech Sowiński: wojciechjansowinski@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-4773 Michał Zdybel: michuuu223@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-4350 Agata Juda: agatajuda15@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-7305 Kornelia Rojek: rojekkornelia@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-1235 Abstract: Fragile X syndrome is a dominantly inherited genetic disease and is a consequence of the FMR1gene mutation located on the X chromosome. The number of patients affected by this disease with full mutation is estimated at 1 in 4000 men and 1 in 8000 women, however, the number of carriers with premutation is far greater. Depending on the mutation of the FMR1gene and levels of its products FMRP a variety of symptoms can be observed including- intellectual disability, mental retardation, lowered behavioral adaptation, autism, and dysmorphic features such as a long face with a broad forehead and prominent ears. The treatment is mostly symptomatic- managing comorbidities and an emphasis on psychological therapy. The objective of this paper is to sum up the most up-to-date knowledge regarding the pathogenesis, treatment- current and clinically tested, and novelties in the Fragile X syndrome Keywords: Fragile X syndrome, autism, neurodevelopmental disorders, FMRP, FMR1

NIR, Agnieszka, SZARAWARSKI, Bartosz & STENCEL-GABRIEL, Krystyna. Erythema nodosum in the course of mycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection and pregnancy in a 17–year-old patient. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;16(1):18-24. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.16.01.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43003 https://zenodo.org/record/7752285 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 09.03.2023. Revised: 14.03.2023. Accepted: 15.03.2023. Published: 20.03.2023. ERYTHEMA NODOSUM IN THE COURSE OF MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION AND PREGNANCY IN A 17 – YEAR-OLD PATIENT Agnieszka Nir email: niragnieszka@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6314-2267 Bartosz Szarawarski email: bartosz.szarawarski@hotmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2456-1175 Krystyna Stencel–Gabriel email: kgabriel@sum.edu.pl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-8294 Department of Paediatrics, Chairs of Paediatrics, Specialist Hospital No. 2 in Bytom, Faculty of Health Sciences, SUM, Katowice ABSTRACT Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis in the paediatric population. It is manifested by painful tumours in shades of red within the subcutaneous tissue, most often within the lower legs. Mild, non-specific systemic symptoms may occur. The course of erythema nodosum is associated primarily with local pain, sometimes implying motor disorders. Erythema nodosum may be primary or secondary as a manifestation of a systemic disease, medication or pregnancy. Although the course is often self-limiting, detecting erythema nodosum requires a systematised diagnosis of potential causative diseases. A detailed medical history and physical examination are vital in this process. Treatment of erythema nodosum most often consists of administering analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Proper causal treatment of the primary disease is more important. The paper presents a case of a teenage girl with an intense course of erythema nodosum, in whom two probable causes of its occurrence were found. KEYWORDS: Erythema nodosum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, pregnancy

ŻOŁNIEREK, Maja, SIEKIERKO, Nikola, LUBCZYŃSKA, Zuzanna, ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKI, Jakub, LEWANDOWSKI, Mateusz, KOTUSIEWICZ, Wiktoria, POPRAVKO, Yevheniia & BIENIA, Grzegorz. Impact of blue light exposition to alertness of shift workers, patients with sleep deprivation, Alzheimer’s disease, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;15(1):11-19. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.15.01.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42868 https://zenodo.org/record/7742766 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 28.02.2023. Revised: 14.03.2023. Accepted: 15.03.2023. Published: 17.03.2023. Impact of blue light exposition to alertness of shift workers, patients with sleep deprivation, Alzheimer’s disease, or post-traumatic stress disorder Maja Żołnierek Samodzielny Publiczny SpecjalistycznySzpital Zachodni im. św. Jana Pawła II ul. Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-7505 maja.zolnierek@gmail.com Nikola Siekierko Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego, Aleja Solidarności 67, 03-401 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-7112 n.siekierko@gmail.com Zuzanna Lubczyńska Szpital Grochowski im. dr med. Rafała Masztaka, ul. Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-2508 zuzanna.smiech@gmail.com Jakub Świętochowski Uniwersyteckie Centrum Kliniczne w Gdańsku, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-6520 jakub.swiet@gmail.com Mateusz Lewandowski Centralny Szpital Kliniczny UCK WUM, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4968-1770 xm.lewandowski@gmail.com Wiktoria Kotusiewicz Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny- Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-0648 ww.kotusiewicz@gmail.com Yevheniia Popravko Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego, Aleja Solidarności 67, 03-401 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-1802 epopravko1997@gmail.com Grzegorz Bienia Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny- Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-5510 grzegorzbienia@gmail.com Abstract Introduction and purpose: In certain professions it is necessary to work at night and to maintain alertness and concentration at that time. Additionally in some conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and post-traumatic stress disorder sleep deprivation is both a symptom and an aggravating factor. A non-pharmacological method is needed to impact the maintenance of concentration and to help the workers adapt to shift work as well as improve their sleep quality. The purposeof this paper is to present recent scientific findings on the effects of blue light on improving concentration and attentiveness in shift workers and people suffering from sleep disorders, Alzheimer's disease, or post-traumatic stress disorder. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Circadian rhythm is a mechanism, which regulates daily functioning of humans and a variety of other species. Light exposure, especially to blue light, is the most crucial factor disrupting circadian consistency. The relationship between the time maladjustment, biological rhythms and factors from the outside world is called phase angle of entrainment. Summary: Studies conducted on various groups have shown the effectiveness of modified light interventions on concentration and focus during shift work at night. Exposure to blue light appears to be a safe method that can improve work quality, concentration and focus in people who work at night. Exposure to light brings hope for improving the quality of life of people with Alzheimer's disease and maintaining their independence longer, which can ease the burden on their caregivers. Establishing some routine in the form of blue light exposure in people with post-traumatic stress disorder also appears to be an easy and accessible method for reducing the severity of PTSD symptoms, especially sleep disturbances. Key words: blue light exposition; shift working; sleep deprivation; Alzheimer’s disease; post-traumatic stress disorder.

MATYSZEWSKA, Aleksandra, MATYKA, Kamila, SUTKOWSKI, Jakub, WILCZEWSKA, Ewelina, SŁOWIACZEK, Anna, WOJNAR, Marcin & BARANOWSKA, Alicja. Scaphoid fractures in athletes – the importance of a diagnostic process. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(4):325-329.eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.04.039 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42602 https://zenodo.org/record/7698597 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received:15.02.2023. Revised: 22.02.2023. Accepted: 04.03.2023. Scaphoid fractures in athletes– the importance of a diagnostic process Złamania kości łódeczkowatej u sportowców – znaczenie procesu diagnostycznego Aleksandra Matyszewska Dolnośląskie Centrum Onkologii, Pulmonologii i Hematologii we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3608-5803 aleksandramatyszewska@gmail.com Kamila Matyka Dolnośląskie Centrum Onkologii, Pulmonologii i Hematologii we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4650-3079 kamilamatyka@gmail.com Jakub Sutkowski Dolnośląskie Centrum Onkologii, Pulmonologii i Hematologii we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-1716 jsutkowski.sc@gmail.com Ewelina Wilczewska Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny im. Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-1555 ewelina.wilcz@gmail.com Anna Słowiaczek Dolnośląskie Centrum Onkologii, Pulmonologii i Hematologii we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-8646 slowiaczek.anna@gmail.com Marcin Wojnar Dolnośląski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. T. Marciniaka - Centrum Medycyny Ratunkowej we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-8335 w.marcin19@gmail.com Alicja Baranowska Szpital Miejski w Siemianowicach Śląskich https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-4194 alicja.baranowska.priv@gmail.com Abstract Introduction and purpose:Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures in the wrist area, yet they are still a diagnostic problem. This injury is usual among athletes, especially soccer players, basketball players, and cyclists. Early diagnosis allows for making an appropriate therapeutic decision, and thus a more efficient recovery. Imaging methods for a scaphoid fracture include X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scintigraphy and ultrasonography. This paper discusses and compares available diagnostic strategies and their impact on recovery in athletes. Brief description of the state of knowledge:The article contains the current knowledge about the epidemiology, anatomy, mechanism of injury and complications of scaphoid fractures, as well as illustrates and compares the possibilities in the field of imaging diagnostics of the injury. Conclusion:The commonness and availability of the X-ray image does not translate into a better diagnostic result. The use of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first choice gives certain confirmation or exclusion of a scaphoid fracture, and thus accelerates the therapeutic process and return to sport Keywords:scaphoid fracture; medical imaging; sports injuries Abstrakt Wstęp i cel pracy:Złamania kości łódeczkowatej stanowią najczęstsze ze złamań w zakresie nadgarstka, mimo to są w dalszym ciągu problemem diagnostycznym. Uraz ten jest powszechny wśród sportowców, zwłaszcza piłkarzy, koszykarzy i kolarzy. Wczesne rozpoznanie pozwala na podjęcie odpowiedniej decyzji terapeutycznej, a tym samym sprawniejszy powrót do zdrowia. Metodami obrazowania w przypadku złamania kości łódeczkowatej są: zdjęcie rentgenowskie, tomografia komputerowa, rezonans magnetyczny, scyntygrafia kości oraz ultrasonografia. W niniejszej pracy omówiono i porównano dostępne strategie diagnostyczne i ich wpływ na odzyskanie sprawności u sportowców. Opis stanu wiedzy:Artykuł zawiera aktualną wiedzę na temat epidemiologii, anatomii, mechanizmu urazu oraz powikłań złamań kości łódeczkowatej, a także obrazuje i porównuje możliwości w zakresie diagnostyki obrazowej urazu. Podsumowanie:Powszechność i dostępność zdjęcia rentgenowskiego nie przekłada się na lepszy wynik diagnostyczny. Użycie tomografii komputerowej bądź rezonansu magnetycznego jako pierwszy wybór daje pewne potwierdzenie lub wykluczenie złamania kości łódeczkowatej, a tym samym przyspiesza proces terapeutyczny oraz powrót do sportu. Słowa kluczowe:złamanie kości łódeczkowatej; diagnostyka obrazowa; urazy sportowe

SZCZECHOWICZ, Bartosz, KRYCZKA, Małgorzata & ALEJZIAK, Wiesław. Performance of Empirical Research as a Method for Achieving Professional Students’ Competence: a Case Study of Teaching Sales Skills to Future Employees of the Beauty Industry. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(4):21-36.eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.04.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41863 https://zenodo.org/record/7642291 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received:13.01.2023. Revised: 26.01.2023. Accepted: 15.02.2023. Performance of Empirical Research as a Method for Achieving Professional Students’ Competence: a Case Study of Teaching Sales Skills to Future Employees of the Beauty Industry Bartosz Szczechowicz (corresponding author) University of Physical Education in Kraków (Poland) Faculty of Tourism and Leisure, Institute of Entrepreneurship and Management Al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków bartosz.szczechowicz@awf.krakow.pl Małgorzata Kryczka University of Physical Education in Kraków (Poland) Faculty of Tourism and Leisure, Institute of Entrepreneurship and Management Al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków malgorzata.kryczka@awf.krakow.pl Wiesław Alejziak University of Physical Education in Kraków (Poland) Faculty of Tourism and Leisure, Institute of Entrepreneurship and Management Al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków wieslaw.alejziak@awf.krakow.pl Declarations No funding was received for conducting this study. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Performance of Empirical Research as a Method for Achieving Professional Students’ Competence: a Case Study of Teaching Sales Skills to Future Employees of the Beauty Industry Abstract Introduction and purpose.Didactic methods are evolving, among others, in the direction of engaging students in performance of empirical research gives rise to, in the first place, the students’ active participation in the process of knowledge creation and improves their methodological expertise. This paper presents an outlook on the value of the students’ participation in empirical research as a possibility for developing their professional competence. Material and method.A case study concerning education of the future employees of the cosmetic industry via engagement of students majoring in “cosmetology” (as part of classes forming a part of the “Sales Techniques in Cosmetology” course taught at the University of Physical Education in Kraków) in the preparation and performance of empirical research was presented. In the first place, general information pertaining to the system of educating cosmetologists in Poland and at the university in question was discussed; this offered a background for illustrating the characteristics of the aforementioned subject, with a focus on the module of classes devoted to the preparation and performance of empirical research. In the second place, the process encompassing: (1) students’ engagement in the research preparation, (2) students’ engagement in the performance of research, (3) students’ engagement in the analysis and interpretation of research results and (4) actions taken to utilize the results of research for didactic purposes, was presented. Results and conclusions.Benefits resulting from the proposed formula of teaching the subject were listed, with simultaneous reference to the diversified level of engagement of the lecturer and the students in the performance of individual stages of the research process. Keywords:studies; cosmetology; teaching methods; empirical research; sales techniques; case study.

KRZEMIŃSKA, Sylwia& BĄK, Ewelina. Health locus of control, self-efficacy and dispositional optimism in patients with diabetes mellitus 2 - review of the literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(3):175--180. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.025 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42352 https://zenodo.org/record/7595244 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.01.2023. Revised: 17.01.2023. Accepted: 01.02.2023. Health locus of control, self-efficacy and dispositional optimism in patients with diabetes mellitus 2 - review of the literature Sylwia Krzemińska1, Ewelina Bak2, Sylwia Krzemińska sylwia.krzeminska@umw.edu.pl ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3847-0644 Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, Ewelina Bąk ebak@ath.bielsko.pl ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-3717 University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland; Faculty of Health Sciences Abstract In the literature on prevention, health promotion and psychology, much attention is paid to the determinants of health, with particular emphasis on lifestyle and practiced health behaviors [1]. The individual choice of the type of behavior adopted depends on the patient's level of general knowledge, in particular knowledge of health care, as well as experience, motivation, recognized values and set goals. An important element of considerations on this subject is to recognize the beliefs and motives of patients' actions in the area of life that significantly affects health [2]. An important factor modifying activity in the process of maintaining biopsycho-social health or preventing complications of an existing chronic disease is the locus of health control and the sense of self-efficacy, as well as a sense of optimism in life. The paper analyzes selected psychological resources, health locus of control, self-efficacy and a sense of optimism in patients with type 2 diabetes, which are related to the process of coping with a chronic disease. A chronic disease confronts the patient with many tasks and challenges that change over time. They depend, among others on: type of disease, method of treatment, cognitive characteristics of the sick person, emotional and behavioral reaction as well as socio-cultural conditions in which the person functions. [3] Key words: Health locus of control, self-efficacy and dispositional optimism, patients, diabetes mellitus 2.

ŻABA, Ziemowit, LISOWSKA, Aleksandra, ŻOŁYNIAK, Wojciech, WARZYSZAK, Paweł, MAŁEK, Róża, MILCZEK, Maria, HAWRANIK, Izabela, TOMASIK, Mikołaj, NISKI, Szymon & SKRZYPEK, Mateusz. The effect of using chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):235-241. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.034 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41424 https://zenodo.org/record/7503907 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 16.12.2022. Revised: 21.12.2022. Accepted: 04.01.2023. The effect of using chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee Ziemowit Żaba 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0001-9476-1166 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-1166 e-mail: piast753@gmail.com Aleksandra Lisowska Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-0009-8995 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-8995 e-mail: alisowska8@wp.pl Wojciech Żołyniak Centrum Medyczne w Łańcucie Sp. z o.o. ORCID 0000-0002-3709-4018 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-4018 e-mail: wojtesk995@gmail.com Paweł Warzyszak 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-2023-7980 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-7980 e-mail: warzyszakpawel@gmail.com Róża Małek 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-3606-0067 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-0067 e-mail: rozamalek192@gmail.com Maria Milczek 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-4204-5632 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-5632 e-mail: Maria@milczek.com Izabela Hawranik 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-7329-8595 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-8595 e-mail: hawranik14@gmail.com Mikołaj Tomasik 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-5489-0059 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-0059 e-mail: mikolajt97@gmail.com Szymon Niski Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Częstochowie ORCID 0000-0001-6295-5783 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-5783 e-mail: szymonniski96@gmail.com Mateusz Skrzypek Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych ORCID0000-0001-6767-3144 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-3144 e-mail: mati.skrzypek@gmail.com Abstract: Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system. It develops in the regulation of the quality and quantity of articular cartilage, which cushions the joint and improves the sliding of the articular surfaces. Chondroitin sulfate being a natural glycosaminoglycan is found in the cartilage and extracellular matrix. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommends the use of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Objective: The purpose of our study was to present, based on the available literature, the latest reports on the effect of chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis Methods and materials: The present study was based on available data collected in the PubMed database and published between 2001 and 2022. The study was conducted by reviewing keywords such as:,,knee osteoarthritis”, ,,chondroitin sulfate”, ,,treatment” ,,diagnosis” State of knowledge: Joint cartilage is mainly composed of type II collagen, proteoglycans, chondrocytes and water. In healthy articular cartilage, the balance between the individual components is constantly maintained, thanks to which cartilage degradation is accompanied by its synthesis. The reviewed scientific papers evaluated the effect of chondroitin sulfate on pain in osteoarthritis. Summary: We found a large inconsistency between experimental protocols and study results. Therefore, comparing publications evaluating the actual effect of chondroitin sulfate on joint synovial tissues and biochemical markers is challenging. Additional studies are needed focusing on long-term treatment as well as evaluating their potential disease modifying effects. Keywords: Chondroitin sulfate, osteoarthritis, treatment, knee

SZOTA, Maciej, MODLIŃSKA, Aleksandra, ROGACKA, Karolina & KĘDZIORA–KORNATOWSKA, Kornelia. Fibromyalgia in the light of different methods of treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(12):331-337. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.050 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41082 https://zenodo.org/record/7474838 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 12.11.2022. Revised: 21.12.2022. Accepted: 21.12.2022. Fibromyalgia in the light of different methods of treatment Maciej Szota1, ORCID: 0000-0001-6611-675X, maciejszota98@gmail.com Aleksandra Modlińska2, ORCID: 0000-0003-3425-7202, aleksandra.modlinska@wp.pl Karolina Rogacka1, ORCID:0000-0001-9925-7305, karolinarogacka2697@gmail.com Kornelia Kędziora–Kornatowska1, ORCID:0000-0003-4777-5252, kornelia.kornatowska@cm.umk.pl 1Department of Geriatrics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2 Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Abstract Introduction and purpose: Fibromyalgia is a disease with many symptoms that are difficult to treat. The most troublesome element is muscle, bone or joint pain. Importantly, the diagnosis of this disease is based on the physical examination and the subjective examination, which shows that there are no laboratory tests to confirm its presence. Public awareness of fibromyalgia is negligible, while more research is needed on the treatment of this disease and the possible alternatives associated with it. The aim of this study was to analyze the available literature on the basis of the PubMed scientific database, considering only scientific articles that were published within the last 5 years. The following keywords were used: fibromyalgia and physiotherapy, fibromyalgia and cannabis, fibromyalgia and cytokines. Description of the state of knowledge:Treatments related to cannabinoids and physiotherapy are still developing fields of knowledge. More than 40 papers related to the topic of the study were used for the review. The need for further research is apparent, especially randomized studies in which allocation to an experimental or control group is completely random. The question of investigating the long-term effectiveness of a given treatment is also not negligible, as many studies do not have a so-called follow-up. Conclusion: Cannabinoids are effective in the treatment of complaints associated with fibromyalgia. Exercise, laser therapy and acupuncture reduce pain and improve quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. More research on this disease is needed, especially with larger patient groups. Key words:fibromyalgia; physiotherapy; cannabis; cytokines

KĘDZIORA-KORNATOWSKA, Kornelia, WINIAREK, Karolina, MURAWSKA, Joanna, MIKUT, Karolina, KWIECIEŃ,Justyna, WIJATA, Aleksandra & AL-SHAER, Aysheh. Drugs increase the risk of suicide in the elderly.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(1):123-129. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.01.020 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40830 https://zenodo.org/record/7365485 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 11.11.2022. Revised: 20.11.2022. Accepted: 26.11.2022. Drugs increase the risk of suicide in the elderly Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska, Karolina Winiarek, Joanna Murawska, Karolina Mikut, JustynaKwiecień, Aleksandra Wijata, Aysheh Al-Shaer Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-5252 Karolina Winiarek:Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-0613karolinawiniarek97@gmail.com Joanna Murawska: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-938XJoanna.murawska94@wp.pl Karolina Mikut:Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-581XKarolina.mikut@gmail.com Justyna Kwiecień:Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-209Xkwiecien.jstn@gmail.com Aleksandra Wijata:Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-1826aleksandra.wijata2@gmail.com Aysheh Al-Shaer:Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-9709aysheh5@gmail.com Abstract Introduction and objective: The purpose of this paper is a systematic review of articles and research in the context of drugs used and suicide in elderly patients Materials and methods:A non-systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out according to the following keywords: opioids, beta-blockers, levodopa, benzodiazepines, risk of suicide, the elderly. PubMed was searched and 51 articles published up to 2022 were analysed. Description of the state of knowledge: Suicide in the elderly may be much more frequent than in the younger population. In addition to factors such as mental illness, dementia, deteriorating health, or problems with adapting to old age, the impact of chronic and reliever medications in this age group should also be considered. The greatest challenge of pharmacotherapy in the elderly is polypharmacy, drug interactions, different metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs used, as well as the side effects appearing in chronic therapy. In elderly patients, strong groups of drugs such as benzodiazepines and opioids are used extensively and sometimes too often. These drugs can cause addiction and overdose. Prescribing benzodiazepines alone carries a high risk of suicide. On the other hand, opioids often lead to addiction and abuse of these drugs, which may be associated with the development of respiratory depression. According to estimates by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), suicide accounts for approximately 7% of all opioid overdose deaths.Therapy should be carefully selected with regard to the use of other medications, drug interactions, and possible dependence and drug abuse by patients. Summary: The use of some classes of drugs in the elderly requires increased vigilance and control in the context of depression and episodes of suicide attempts. Drugs such as B blockers, digitalis glycosides, NSAIDs, opioids, ACEIs, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, diuretics, levodopa, and benzodiazepines can cause symptoms of depression. Older people are more susceptible to side effects of drugs, for example because of polypharmacy and the chronicity of treatment. Key words: opioids, beta-blockers, levodopa, benzodiazepines, risk of suicide, the elderly

ZENG, Xiuzhen & LI, Yaxin. Strategies for Talent’s Digital Competence Development at Higher Vocational Colleges for Digital Transformation.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(1):23-30. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.01.003 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40796 https://zenodo.org/record/7349445 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2022. Revised: 20.11.2022. Accepted: 22.11.2022. StrategiesforTalent’s Digital Competence Development at Higher Vocational Colleges for Digital Transformation Dr.Xiuzhen Zeng UNESCO-UNEVOC Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic,Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-6990zengxiuzeng@szpt.edu.cn Dr.Yaxin Li* TVET Research Institute, Shenzhen Polytechnic,Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-3762liyaxin@szpt.edu.cn *CorrespondingAuthor Abstract: Digital transformation has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to economic and social development, and the development of talent’s digital competence is of growing importance. Under an ideal situation, digitization, digitalizationand digital transformationare three stages of gradual digital development. However, influenced by the difference in social and economic development among regions, higher vocational colleges, as an educational system closest to the labor market, vary by their own strengths and digital competence. From the perspective of game theory and based on the model of boxed pig game, this paper provides strategies and suggestions for the cultivation of talent’s digital competence in terms of non-cooperative strategy at higher vocational colleges. The supply-demand model of talent’s digital competence cultivation is established to provide further suggestions for the top-down cooperationstrategy among higher vocational colleges. Keywords: digital transformation, higher vocational colleges, digital competence, game theory, model of boxed pig game, talent cultivation As an educational system closest to the labor market, vocational education plays an important role in society and acts as an important export of social labor that supports economic development (Sgarzi, 2021; Abdullah et el., 2019). The talent cultivated by vocational education should not only be able to solve practical problems, but also have sufficient ability to meet future challenges.However, with the further development of digital transformation, practical problemsand future challenges faced by vocational educationare unprecedented and unpredictable. To have more adequate preparation and quicker response than in the past, higher vocational colleges need to focus on the cultivation of talent’s digital competence. Affected by the difference in social and economic development, digital transformation in different regions has not typically developed in a synchronized fashion. However, it is the responsibility and obligation of higher vocational colleges to provide the labor market with talent suitable for digital transformation and to meet the new needs of Industry 4.0, the digital economy, and society. Therefore, how vocational colleges in various stages of digital transformation develop and cultivate talent’s digital competence correspondingly is particularly crucial. This paper was funded by Shenzhen Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project The Research on Construction and Practice of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Curriculum System in Higher Vocational Colleges (Project Number: SZ2021C024), and the Education Department of Guangdong Province in the 13th Five-Year Plan on Education and Science - the Special Project of Philosophy and Social Science in Higher Education Research on the Innovation of the Construction System of an Integrated City with Industry and Education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Project Number: 2019GXJK244)), with financial sponsorship by Chinese Vocational Education Research Institute in New Era, Shenzhen Polytechnic (Project Number: SZ22B41).

KĘDZIORA-KORNATOWSKA, Kornelia, WINIAREK, Karolina, MURAWSKA, Joanna, GUZOWSKI, Cezary, JABŁOŃSKA,Monika, BŁASIK, Natalia, WÓJCIK, Agata & LAMCH, Magdalena. New treatment strategies for bipolar disorder in the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(12):225-231. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.035 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40821 https://zenodo.org/record/7339158 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 09.11.2022. Revised: 20.11.2022. Accepted: 20.11.2022. New treatment strategies for bipolar disorder in the elderly Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska, Karolina Winiarek, Joanna Murawska, Cezary Guzowski, MonikaJabłońska, Natalia Błasik, Agata Wójcik, Magdalena Lamch Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-5252 Karolina Winiarek:Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-0613karolinawiniarek97@gmail.com Joanna Murawska: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-938XJoanna.murawska94@wp.pl Cezary Guzowski: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0022-9943cezary.guzowski@gmail.com Monika Jabłońska: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-6791monkajablonska@wp.pl Natalia Błasik: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-1346nataliablasik02@gmail.com Agata Wójcik: Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8969-7312agata.celina.wojcik@gmail.com Magdalena Lamch: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University,85-067 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-8190magdalena.lamch@gmail.com Abstract Introduction and objective: The purpose of this paper is to systematically review articles and new research in the context of bipolar geriatric patients. Materials and methods:PubMed searches were completed using the key terms bipolar disorder, bipolar elderly, bipolar depression, bipolar elderly treatment and review articles. In addition, references in these resources were searched. Search dates: 2010 to 2022. Description of the state of knowledge:Mental disorders in the context of the elderly concern all depressive disorders. A problem with other disorders such as bipolar disorder is also increasingly recognized. In the elderly, it is quite rare in the general cross-section of society, but it may have a higher percentage, e.g. in nursing homes and care institutions. This review article shows both the difference and the similarities in the course of this disease in older and younger patients. The most important and common aspect for both age groups is psychotherapy with parallel pharmacological treatment. The greatest difficulty in pharmacotherapy in the elderly is polypharmacy and numerous drug interactions, as well as different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drugs used compared to younger patients. Attention should also be paid to the differentiation of bipolar disorder from different types of dementia and other cognitive disorders. Therefore, one should strive to carefully assess the patient's need for a given treatment, establish appropriate periodic monitoring of treatment, and assess the risk of taking or not intervening. This article also aims to review new research and drugs that seem promising, while the individualized and interdisciplinary approach to a geriatric patient with BD is the most important finding of this review. Summary: Bipolar disorder in older people, compared to the younger population, should be treated pharmacologically in combination with psychotherapy. The elderly patient population requires a multidisciplinary approach due to the number of drugs used in a large number of diseases. Key words: Bipolar disorder, depression, mania, elderly, treatment, psychotherapy, drugs

GRUSZKA, Jakub, ZWIERZYŃSKA, Anna, DOLECKA-ŚLUSARCZYK, Magdalena & ADAMCZYK-GRUSZKA, Olga. Fetomaternal hemorrhage - case report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(12):220-224. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.034 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40037 https://zenodo.org/record/7337789 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 07.10.2022. Revised: 10.11.2022. Accepted: 18.11.2022. Przeciek matczyno płodowy – opis przypadku Fetomaternal hemorrhage - case report Jakub Gruszka II Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-4502 Anna Zwierzyńska Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-8620 Magdalena Dolecka-Ślusarczyk Department of Internal Medicine, Voivodeship Combined Hospital in Kielce; Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielcehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0742-0337 Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Kielce, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-009X Abstract Maternal fetal leakage (FMH) is a well-known cause of fetal anemia. We define it as the transition of the fetal erythrocytes into the maternal circulation. Its severity is determined by measuring the level of fetal hemoglobin in the mother's blood using the Kleinhauer-Betke test or the cytometric method (FCM). The paper presents a case of a newborn with massive maternal-fetal leakage. The maternal blood Kleinhauer test result was greater than 5% of the fetal blood cells, and the initial neonatal hemoglobin level was 3.5 g / dl. Correct treatment of fetal anemia is presented. The additional studies performed allowed for the exclusion of other causes as a result of the extremely severe condition of the newborn after delivery. Early diagnosis of fetal-maternal leak and its treatment through execution. Streszczenie: Przeciek matczyno płodowy (FMH) jest dobrze znaną przyczyną niedokrwistości płodowej. Określamy go jako przejście erytrocytów płodu do krążenia matczynego. Jego nasilenie określa się mierząc poziom hemoglobiny płodowej we krwi matki za pomocą testu Kleinhauera-Betke lub metodą cytometryczną (FCM). W pracy przedstawiono przypadek noworodka z masywnym przeciekiem matczyno-płodowym. Wynik testu Kleinhauera w krwi matczynej wynosił powyżej 5% krwinek płodowych, a początkowy poziom hemoglobiny u noworodka wynosił 3,5 g/dl. Przedstawiono prawidłowe leczenie anemii u płodu. Wykonane badania dodatkowe pozwoliły na wykluczenie innych przyczyn jako skutku skrajnie ciężkiego stanu noworodka po porodzie Opisany przypadek przecieku płodowo-matczynego ze stwierdzoną objętością krwinek płodowych 250 ml, a oraz długoterminowe leczenie matki i noworodka należy do nielicznych w praktyce klinicznej. Wczesna diagnostyka przecieku płodowo-matczynego i jego leczenie poprzez wykonanie transfuzji wewnątrzmacicznej może zapobiec zgonom wewnątrzmacicznym i poporodowym. Ze względu na możliwość późnych powikłań neurologicznych należy objąć tą grupę dzieci długotrwałą obserwacją i monitorowaniem ich dalszego rozwoju. Słowa kluczowe niedokrwistość noworodka • przeciek płodowo-matczyny Key words fetomaternal hemorrhage • newborn anemia

Klas, Jakub Michał, Pytka, Michalina, Piwowar, Klaudia,Kulszo, Katarzyna. Application of ablation techniques in the treatment of lung cancer - a review of recent reports.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(11):347-353.eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.11.046 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/39868 https://zenodo.org/record/7308801 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 13.09.2022. Revised: 20.10.2022. Accepted: 06.11.2022. Application of ablation techniquesin the treatment of lung cancer - a review of recent reports Jakub Klas- Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1909 Michalina Pytka- Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, n, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-9357 Klaudia Piwowar- Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-003X Katarzyna Kulszo- Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-9714 ABSTRACT Background: Lung cancer is the second most common and fatal cancer worldwide. The first-line treatment for early-stage primary lung cancer is surgical resection, but surgery is contraindicated in 60% of cases. Alternatives then include local treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) and cryoablation. With thecurrent scientific knowledge of these treatments, the fundamental question of their therapeutic efficacy must be answered. Aim and methods: To present recent scientific findings on the efficacy of the three main methods of thermoablation for lung cancer. A systematic review of scientific papers on the indicated topics from the last 5 years was performed. Several dozen publications wereselected for the purpose of this study. Results: As shown in the studies, the therapeutic effect of MWA controls tumour progression with few side effects and high safety, especially in patients with tumours Conclusions: MWA and cryoablation techniques are interesting alternatives to surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer, improving the quality of life of patients regardless of the stage of their disease. The question of increasing the availability of this type of treatment in the health care system therefore remains crucial. Keywords: MWA, RFA, cryoablation, NSCLC

Lassek, Bartłomiej. Pedagogical dimension of swim training as perceived by swimmers and their coach. The impact of dance on human health.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(11):311-318.eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.11.041 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/39877 https://zenodo.org/record/7305014 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 14.09.2022. Revised: 20.10.2022. Accepted: 06.11.2022. Pedagogical dimension of swim training as perceived by swimmers and their coach Bartłomiej Lassek ORCID: 0000-0002-3651-2759 e-mail: bartlomiej.lassek@now.uni.lodz.pl University of Lodz, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The Education Center for Sport Pedagogists Abstract This article presents the educational benefits and drawbacks of competitive swimming trainingas assessed by the surveyed swimmers and their coach. The paper addresses issues concerning the formation of moral, aesthetic, intellectual and health attitudes in competitive swimmers through sports training. The purpose of this study is to identify their opinions regarding the impact of competitive swimming on the development of selected character traits. The study included 33 competitive swimmers (14 - women, 19 - men) and the coach of the competitive swimming section of the AZS Politechnika Lodzka sports club. The training seniority of the subjects is: 16 athletes - 6 - 10 years and 17 athletes 11 -17 years. The competitive section of the surveyed swimmers carried out training at the swimming pool of the ACSD sports complex "Zatoka Sportu" in Lodz. The study was conducted using a quantitative diagnostic survey method and qualitative focus interview technique. . The tools that were used in the study for the survey questionnaire and interview questionnaire. The article presents the results of our own research along with the results of other authors' research for discussion. The results of the study indicate that the practice of swimming by competitive athletes affects their educational process, where one of the important factors is the specificity of the sport. The article presents only a part of the pilot study, the results of which form the basis for the study proper. Keywords:training, individual sport, swimming, activity, an educational process

Qin, Jianchao, Yao, Jiali,Abbas, Safdar. Mandarin’s Impact on Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Study Based on Economic and Social Interaction Dimensions.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(11):222-231.eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.11.029 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40478 https://zenodo.org/record/7292943 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 04.10.2022. Revised: 20.10.2022. Accepted: 04.11.2022. Mandarin's Impact on Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Study Based on Economic and Social Interaction Dimensions Ms. Jianchao Qin1,2, Prof. & Dr. Jiali Yao3*, Dr. Safdar Abbas4* 1Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. 2 School of Economics and Management, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China jianchao.q@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4697-309X 3Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Faculty of Education, Chongqing 400715, China419623499@qq.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-0763 4 School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Southwest University, Chongqing, China safdarbloch1986@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-9305 * Corresponding Author This study is supported by Chongqing Social Science Planning Project [Grant No. 2020YBTY151]. Abstract This paper studies the effect of Mandarin proficiency on poverty reduction and its mechanism. The China General Social Survey (CGSS) is taken as the data source. From the perspective of social integration, the poverty reduction effect of Putonghua and its mechanism are empirically studied from the perspective of social interaction, social fairness, and social trust. The findings showed that improving the ability to listen and speak Mandarin positively affects social interaction, social trust, and social fairness. It showed that Putonghua proficiency positively correlates with the suppression of economic poverty. After the occurrence of poverty, whether a sample of absolute poverty or relative poverty, the ability to listen and speak in Mandarin has a specific inhibitory effect on social interaction, social trust, and social fairness. After the occurrence of poverty, the frequency of social interaction, social trust, and social public since have been reduced to a certain extent. Specifically, the ability to express Mandarin has shown remarkable results in improving social interaction, and the ability to listen among ordinary people has shown remarkable results in enhancing social fairness. The results of this paper provide empirical evidence of poverty alleviation in China via Improving Mandarin Proficiency. This research is also of great significance for optimizing poverty alleviation paths through language in the post-poverty alleviation era. Keywords: absolute poverty, China General Social Survey, multidimensional poverty, post-poverty alleviation, Putonghua

Filarecka, Agnieszka, Leksowski, Łukasz, Biernacki, Maciej, Jęchorek, Michał. Physical activity after breast cancer - conditions for practicing sports.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(10)60-65. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.10.008 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40083 https://zenodo.org/record/7131409 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.09.2022. Revised: 02.09.2022. Accepted: 30.09.2022. Physical activity after breast cancer - conditions for practicing sports Agnieszka Filarecka 1, Łukasz Leksowski 2,Maciej Biernacki 3, Michał Jęchorek4 1Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair and Clinic of Oncological Surgery 2Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Clinic of Rehabilitation 3 Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair and Department od Anatomy 4"ToTu" Addiction Therapy Center in Karnice Corresponding author: mgr Agnieszka Filarecka Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, hair and Clinic of Oncological Surgery ul. Izabeli Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland Tel. 503074346 e-mail: aga.filarecka@gmail.com Summary Physical activity is a vital part of your lifestyle. Reports on the positive effects of physical activity are widely discussed in the literature. However, there are also drawbacks to physical activity. One of the contraindications is neoplastic disease. Such reports pretend to reduce the activity in cancer patients. The aim of the work is to present a method of modifying physical activity in women after breast cancer treatment in order to consolidate the rehabilitation therapy and the prevention of treatment-related disorders. The paper proposes the procedure and conditions for the implementation of physical activity. Keywords: aerobics, fitness, breast cancer

Kamieniak, Maciej, Wolanin, Natalia, Marzęda, Magdalena, Jarosz, Piotr, Kobiałka, Izabela, Blicharz, Agnieszka,Swatko, Tomasz. Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy as a significant social problem in modern neurology.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(9):939-944. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.09.108 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40113 https://zenodo.org/record/7113938 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.09.2022. Revised: 18.09.2022. Accepted: 26.09.2022. Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy as a significant social problem in modern neurology Maciej Kamieniak Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-2218 Natalia Wolanin 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-7209 Magdalena Marzęda Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-5214 Piotr Jarosz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-8481 Izabela Kobiałka 5 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Krakowie im. gen. bryg. prof. dr hab. med. Mariana Garlickiego https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-6692 Agnieszka Blicharz 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Polikliniką SPZOZ w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-0651 Tomasz Swatko Wielospecjalistyczny Szpital Miejski im. Józefa Strusia z Zakładem Opiekuńczo Leczniczym SPZOZ w Poznaniu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-5676 Abstract Along with the increasing number of reported cases, multiple sclerosis, one of the main causes of disability among young adults, is nowadays an increasingly common health problem. Considering the fact that it occurs mainly between 20 and 40 years and affects women more often, the question of the impact of the disease on pregnancy becomes obvious. In view of the wide selection of drugs for various purposes and often highly individualized forms of therapy, it seems also important to determine the safety profile of these agents in relation to the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. All of this is a significant challenge for neurologists and obstetricians and is the subject of many research and studies. The awareness of society, especially women, in the face of the growing problem seems to be equally important. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on these issues. Keywords:pregnancy, women's health, reproductive health, mulitple sclerosis, neurology

EgierskaDominika, PerszkeMichał. What do we know about creatine supplementation?Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(10):19-26. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.10.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40024 https://zenodo.org/record/7094025 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.09.2022. Revised: 02.09.2022. Accepted: 19.09.2022. What do we know about creatine supplementation? Dominika Egierska Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0465-5982 Michał Perszke Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8836-1462 Abstract Creatine is one of the most often used supplements nowadays. Its popularity can be attributed to a wide variety of clinical implications. The intent of this paper was to evaluate and review the latest publications about the usage and potential clinical effects on the human body of creatine supplementation and to bring attention to new findings in this subject. Authors explored PubMed, CrossRef and Google Scholar using keywords: creatine, supplements, ergogenic aids, neuroprotection, bioenergetics. Furthermore, the references of selected articles were manually investigated for additional relevant articles. The bibliography focused mainly on systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case reports. The selection of individual articles was carried out in accordance with the determinants of general medicine readership. There is still a lot to learn about creatine supplementation and its potentially beneficial effects. Further evidence-based studies are required, as the amount of reliable data and information is still not sufficient and lots of them have yet to be examined. Keywords: creatine; supplementation; ergogenic aids; sport

Wojcik, Bartlomiej, Fabis, Mateusz, Remjasz, Klaudia, Kuchnicka, Julia, Zadrożna, Karolina, Aleksandrowicz, Jakub, Siedlecki, Wojciech. Osgood-Schlatter disease and potential treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(9):422-427. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.09.047 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/39658 https://zenodo.org/record/7047392 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.08.2022. Revised: 20.08.2022. Accepted: 04.09.2022. Osgood-Schlatter disease and potential treatment Bartlomiej Wojcik Szpital im Wam w Lodzi Mateusz Fabis Wojewódzkie Wielospecjalistyczne Centrum Onkologii i Traumatologii im. M. Kopernika w Łodzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-1852 Klaudia Remjasz Absolwent Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-7515 Julia Kuchnicka Szpital Specjalistyczny w Brzezinach https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-5695 Karolina Zadrożna Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-6994 Jakub Aleksandrowicz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-9682 Wojciech Siedlecki 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-5411 Abstract Background: Aseptic necrosis of the tibial tuberosity, also known as Osgood-Schlatter disease, is one of the more common causes of pain in the tibia area in children and adolescents. The pathology is much more common in boys than in girls. Young athletes, including training footballers, basketball players and volleyball players, as well as children who actively spend their free time are particularly exposed to the development of the disease. Material and methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed , medical websites and books. The research has been done by looking through key words such as:’’ Osgood-Schlatter disease”,’’Osgood-Schlatter treatment” Results: Osgood-Schlatter disease is usually self-limiting. In the absence of symptom relief, there are operational methods, which, however, are ambiguous. Conclusions: Treatment of OSD patients and a challenge for healthcare professionals. Keywords: Osgood-Schlatter disease, Aseptic necrosis of the tibial tuberosity

Siedlecki, Wojciech, Remjasz, Klaudia, Kosz, Katarzyna, Kuchnicka, Aleksandra, Kuchnicka, Julia, Zarankiewicz, Natalia, Zielińska, Martyna, Sapuła, Klaudia, Aleksandrowicz, Jakub, Fabiś, Mateusz. Creatine supplementation and its influence on human organism. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(9):20-24. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.09.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.09.002 https://zenodo.org/record/7025257 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2022. Revised: 07.08.2022. Accepted: 26.08.2022. Creatine supplementation and its influence on human organism Wojciech Siedlecki 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-5411 Klaudia Remjasz Absolwent Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-7515 Katarzyna Kosz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-0598 Aleksandra Kuchnicka Absolwent Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-7592 Julia Kuchnicka Szpital Specjalistyczny w Brzezinach https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-5695 Natalia Zarankiewicz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-3376 Martyna Zielińska Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-8274 Klaudia Sapuła Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-0150 Jakub Aleksandrowicz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-9682 Mateusz Fabiś Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. M. Kopernika w Łodzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-1852 Abstract Background: Creatine supplementation is one of the most popular methods of improving athletic performance. In this article we reviewed its positive and negative influence on human organism. Materials and Methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed from 1998 to 2019. The research has been done by looking through the key words such as: “creatine”, “supplementation”, “influence”, “kidney”, “renal effects”. Results: Creatine supplementation has no negative influence on renal function. Moreover it appears to have a positive effect on some aspects of metabolism. Conclusions: According to the available knowledge, creatine supplementation in appropriate doses is safe. Keywords: creatine, supplementation, influence, kidney, renal effects

Orczykowski Maciej, Oleszczuk Rafał, Grzebalska Agnieszka M. COVID-19 impact on kidneys. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(8):1143-1155. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.098 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.08.098 https://zenodo.org/record/7021777 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2022. Revised: 07.08.2022. Accepted: 25.08.2022. COVID-19 IMPACT ON KIDNEYS Maciej Orczykowski1, ORCID: 0000-0002-2319-3082, morczykowski7@gmail.com Rafał Oleszczuk1, ORCID: 0000-0001-5690-1973, rafal.ole@gmail.com Agnieszka M. Grzebalska2, 0000-0002-2266-0988, amgrzebalska@interia.pl 1Students’ Research Group at the Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin 2Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin ABSTRACT Introduction and purpose The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been ongoing since early 2020, has significantly affected the health care system worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 virus being the etiological factor of the disease has a high affinity for the renal organ. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the problem of frequent AKI in the course of coronavirus infection, the impact of COVID-19 disease in patients with chronic kidney disease and on renal replacement therapy or dialysis. Review method In the process of writing, we used available articles and scientific papers in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases based on keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, AcuteKidneyInjury, ChronicKidneyDisease. State of knowledge SARS-CoV-2 virus enters target cells through the ACE2 receptor. In the pathophysiology of AKI in the course of COVID-19, a key role is attributed to secondary damage mechanisms such as cytokine storm, hypoperfusion with hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction. The incidence of acute kidney injury ranges from 5.1% to 36.6%. The development of AKI, renal transplant status, the presence of chronic kidney disease or renal replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of severe course and higher mortality on COVID-19. Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new logistical and therapeutic challenges to the health care system. Due to the high tropism of SARS-CoV-2 to the kidneys and the frequent occurrence of AKI during the course of the infection, nephrology patients, those on renal replacement therapy and those awaiting transplantation should be placed under special surveillance. Patients in these groups are at particular risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease

Zarankiewicz Natalia, Kosz Katarzyna, Zielińska Martyna, Remjasz Klaudia, Kuchnicka Aleksandra, Kuchnicka Julia, SapułaKlaudia, Aleksandrowicz Jakub, Siedlecki Wojciech. Multiple myeloma and kidney disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(8):1043-1050. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.089 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.08.089 https://zenodo.org/record/7019984 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2022. Revised: 07.08.2022. Accepted: 24.08.2022. Multiple myeloma and kidney disease Natalia Zarankiewicz Scientific Association at the Oncological Surgery Clinic Medical University in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-3376 Katarzyna Kosz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-0598 Martyna Zielińska Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-8274 Klaudia Remjasz Absolwent Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-7515 Aleksandra Kuchnicka Absolwent Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-7592 Julia Kuchnicka Szpital Specjalistyczny w Brzezinach https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-5695 Klaudia Sapuła Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-0150 Jakub Aleksandrowicz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-9682 Wojciech Siedlecki 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-5411 Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm which affects 1% of all malignancies. In this article we reviewed epidemiology, symptoms with particular attention to renal failure and its manifestation in multiple myeloma (MM). Material and methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed from 2001 to 2022, medical websites and books. The research has been done by looking through key words such as: „multiple myeloma”, „myeloma cast nephropathy”, „bortezomib”, „RANKL” Results: Multiple myeloma has indolent course and many patients present renal disorders at the moment of diagnosis. The use of novel therapies can reverse renal failure. Conclusions: Treatment of the patients with MM and kidney disease is challenging for health care professionals. Doctors have to adjust treatment to provide the best therapeutic effects. Keywords: multiple myeloma, myeloma cast nephropathy, bortezomib, RANKL

Kosz Katarzyna, Remjasz Klaudia, Kuchnicka Aleksandra, Kuchnicka Julia, Zarankiewicz Natalia, Zielińska Martyna, Sapuła Klaudia, Aleksandrowicz Jakub,Siedlecki Wojciech. Vitamin D toxicity – causes, symptoms and diagnosis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(8):975-980. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.080 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.08.080 https://zenodo.org/record/7018630 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2022. Revised: 07.08.2022. Accepted: 24.08.2022. Vitamin D toxicity – causes, symptoms and diagnosis Katarzyna Kosz: 0000-0001-6848-0598; kasiakosz19@icloud.com Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie Klaudia Remjasz: 0000-0002-0879-7515; remjaszklaudia@gmail.com Absolwent Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Warszawie Aleksandra Kuchnicka:0000-0001-8481-7592; kuchnickaola@gmail.com Absolwent Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Julia Kuchnicka: 0000-0003-0409-5695; julia.kuchnicka@me.com Szpital Specjalistyczny w Brzezinach Natalia Zarankiewicz: 0000-0001-9203-3376; natalia.zarankiewicz@gmail.com Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie Martyna Zielińska: 0000-0001-8886-8274; martynazielinska52268@gmail.com Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie Klaudia Sapuła: 0000-0003-2436-0150; klaudiaa.em@gmail.com Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie Jakub Aleksandrowicz: 0000-0002-4534-9682; jakub.aleksandrowicz01@gmail.com Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie Wojciech Siedlecki: 0000-0002-9917-5411; wojciechsied@gmail.com 1 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny w Lublinie Abstract: Introduction and purpose: This review aims to analyze causes, symptoms and diagnosis of overdosing vitamin D resulting in vitamin D toxicity (VDT). Material and method: This paper was based on medical articles collected in Pubmed from 2008 to 2021 year. The research has been done by looking through keywords such as “vitamin D” “toxicity”. Results: The review of studies showed that manifestation of VDT is mainly associated with hypercalcemia and its course can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, including death. We also draw attention to inappropriate use and widespread of vitamin D products. Conclusion: There is a high demand for medical health workers to advise patients on possible effects of inappropriate use of vitamin D products and its toxicity. Medical practitioners should be attentive to quickly identify VDT. Keywords:vitamin D,toxicity

Nowakowska Katarzyna, Lewkowicz Martyna, Raksa Karolina, Szarpak Julita, Pawlina Mateusz, Niedziałek Karolina, ZiętaraKarolina. Mindfulness sessions delivered via smartphone applications and their potential benefits. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(8):244-249. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.023 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.08.023 https://zenodo.org/record/6953721 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 17.07.2022. Revised: 27.07.2022. Accepted: 02.08.2022. Mindfulness sessions delivered via smartphone applications and their potential benefits Katarzyna Nowakowska1,2, Martyna Lewkowicz1, Karolina Raksa1, Julita Szarpak1, Mateusz Pawlina1, Karolina Niedziałek1,2, Karolina Ziętara1 1Student, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin 2Student Scientific Association at Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin ORCID ID and an email address: Katarzyna Nowakowska: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7980-767X, k.nowakowska98@gmail.com Martyna Lewkowicz: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-2435, lewkowicz0martyna@gmail.com Karolina Raksa: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-1035, karolinaraksa@op.pl Julita Szarpak: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-0235, julita.szarpak@gmail.com Mateusz Pawlina: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-4883, mateuszpawlina14@gmail.com Karolina Niedziałek: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-353X, karolaniedzialek@gmail.com Karolina Ziętara: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-9263, kar.zietara@gmail.com Abstract Mindfulness, as a practice of focusing one’s attention on the present moment without evaluating, is used in mindfulness based interventions (MBI) therapy [1,2]. Traditionally, these sessions are conducted in person. At this moment, we are witnessing a global trend in which patients are turning to technology and are looking for alternative, more convenient solutions. There are studies assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness training conducted in a new unconventional way, which is using an application installed on patient's smartphone. This paper discusses possible benefits of online conducted mindfulness sessions. Keywords: mindfulness; telemedicine; mental health

Mielniczek Katarzyna, Lipiec Marta, Kowalska Aleksandra, Jóźwik Katarzyna, Dołomisiewicz Diana. Impact of neurological disorders occurring in neurodegenerative diseases on the conversation process and patients' quality of life. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):957-967. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.097 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.097 https://zenodo.org/record/6944993 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 16.07.2022. Revised: 17.07.2022. Accepted: 31.07.2022. Impact of neurological disorders occurring in neurodegenerative diseases on the conversation process and patients' quality of life Authors: Katarzyna Mielniczek 1, Marta Lipiec 2, Aleksandra Kowalska 3, Katarzyna Jóźwik 3, Diana Dołomisiewicz 4 1 Students' Scientific Circle at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin 2 Student Research Group at the independent Laboratory of Functional Disorders of the Chewing Organ, Medical University of Lublin 3 Student Scientific Group at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery 4 Student Scientific Group at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw Abstract Introduction : Dialogue, or conversation, is the ability to speak as well as listen. It plays a very important role in interpersonal relations.Speech disorders are a group of of disorders that includes various types of speech production difficulties. Speech production depends on the coordination of several motor acts: respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance and prosody. Phonation is the complex activity of producing sound by vibration of the vocal cords. Resonance is the amplification of sounds at specific frequencies through vibration in the chest, throat and sinuses. Prosody includes a set of phonetic features, such as tone, loudness, tempo, and the overall timbre of speech, which are designed to intended to preserve the meaning and character of speech. Disruption of any of these related elements results in motor speech disorders. Material and method : An overview is presented of language disorders in diseases neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease(PD) and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Their impact on the conversation process and the patient's quality of life assessment was evaluated. The paper was based on scientific publications posted on the PubMed scientific platform. Results : Speech and language disorders are the main symptoms of FRDA, which significantly affect the patients' quality of life. Patients often present with dysarthria, resulting from causes of central and peripheral and additional primary language disorders. The classic speech disorder in PD is hypokinetic dysarthria, manifested by hypophonia; monotonous, uneven and strained speech; reduced prosody (melodic voice); crowded articulation; inadequate pauses in speech; freezing of speech, unclear articulation. Conclusions : The described disease entities show a significant impact on the deterioration of the process of of conversation by the patient, thus showing a significantly negative impact on the patients' quality of life. Keywords: speech disorders; aphasia; friedreich ataxia; dysarthria; ataxia

Rudziński Gracjan, Brzuszkiewicz Kinga, Kusak Natalia, Pożarowska Kinga, Cholewa Krystian, Niezabitowska Ewa. Treatment of bilateral staghorn nephrolithiasis using percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in a patient chronically infected with Proteus mirabilis: a case report with literature review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):719-729. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.070 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.070 https://zenodo.org/record/6899822 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.07.2022. Revised: 17.07.2022. Accepted: 25.07.2022. Treatment of bilateral staghorn nephrolithiasis using percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in a patient chronically infected with Proteus mirabilis: a case report with literature review Gracjan Rudziński1 nr ORCID 0000-0001-8911-9144, gracjanrudzinski@gmail.com Kinga Brzuszkiewicz1 nr ORCID 0000-0003-3941-027X, kinga.brzuszkiewicz@gmail.com Natalia Kusak1 nr ORCID 0000-0001-5459-6768, natmarielea@gmail.com Kinga Pożarowska1 nr ORCID 0000-0003-0691-0155, kpozarowska@gmail.com Krystian Cholewa1 nr ORCID 0000-0002-1310-1615, Krystiancholewa1@wp.pl Ewa Niezabitowska2 nr ORCID 0000-0002-3447-7726,ewa_niezabitowska@interia.pl 1- Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 2-Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Multidisciplinary Hospital in Lublin, Poland Abstract: Although urolithiasis is a common disease in the European population, bilateral staghorn stones are a relatively rare variant of nephrolithiasis. It is often associated with a chronic urinary tract infection or a metabolic disorder. The aim of this paper is to show an example of the treatment of bilateral staghorn stones in a patient chronically infected with a resistant strain of Proteus mirabilis. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is currently the gold standard of treatment. And this is the way the patient was managed. In the following section, the authors sought to describe new reports on this treatment method and how it could be improved. Conservative treatment does not appear to be a safe alternative. And of the other surgical treatments, PCNL has the greatest benefits. Nearly 68% of patients with bilateral staghorn stones have some underlying metabolic disorder in a small sample of patients. It seems reasonable, therefore, to introduce genetic and metabolic diagnosis in younger patients with the aim of prevention through diet or pharmacotherapy. Key words: Urology, Staghorn lithiasis, Bilateral, PCNL, Proteus mirabilis, Calculi

Grajek Mateusz, Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof. Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):469-478. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.048 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.048 https://zenodo.org/record/6828791 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.06.2022. Revised: 22.06.2022. Accepted: 13.07.2022. Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa Mateusz Grajek1 , Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski2 1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41902 Katowice, Poland, mgrajek@sum.edu.pl 2Department of Humanistic Foundations of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Education, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40065 Katowice, Poland, gmattgrayek@gmail.com Abstract Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is one of the disorders with a psychological basis. The word ‘orthorexia’ comes from Greek, where ‘orthos’ means proper ‘orexia’ appetite. The disorder is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating, and as the disease worsens, significant food exclusions occur. In extreme cases of ON, the affected person forgoes eating any food, explaining it as a health concern. The degree of prevalence of ON in society is still highly questionable. Numerous studies indicate the prevalence of this problem, but there is no consistent data on the degree of severity of ON. The degree of severity of ON in the general population ranges from 6% to as high as 90%, such significant variation may be due to cultural reasons or a defect in the measurement tool. To date, a useful tool for diagnosing ON has not been developed, little that ON is still not treated as a separate disease or disorder. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present diagnostic possibilities in the form of psychometric tools that can be used in conducting scientific research and in psychological and dietetic practice. Keywords: ON, psychometrics, diagnostic tools, tests, and measurement scales

Majchrowicz Bożena, Tomaszewska Katarzyna. Harmful factors at the workplace of an operating nurse. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):286-300. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.028 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.028 https://zenodo.org/record/6791258 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.06.2022. Revised: 20.06.2022. Accepted: 02.07.2022. Harmful factors at the workplace of an operating nurse Bożena Majchrowicz, Katarzyna Tomaszewska Bożena Majchrowicz1 orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-1407 Katarzyna Tomaszewska2 orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-9107 1Department of Nursing, Institute of Social and Health Sciences, East European State University in Przemyśl, 2 Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław, Corresponding author: Katarzyna Tomaszewska State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław, Department of Nursing Czarnieckiego St. 16, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland e-mail: tomka8@wp.pl Source of support - none The authors declare no conflict of interest Abstract Introduction: Operating theatre is a very specific work environment. The staff employed in this organizational unit, apart from specific professional qualifications, must have the ability to make quick decisions as well as the skills to utilize highly specialized medical apparatus and equipment. Operating theatre nurses are exposed to various harmful factors, thus strain resulting from this type of work can be both mental and physical. The aim of this paper was to assess the level of knowledge of surgical nurses about harmful factors at their workstations. Material and methods: The study was performed in a group of 625 nurses working in different types of operating rooms of public hospitals in Poland. An original questionnaire survey was used to characterize the harmful factors occurring at the operating room nurse's workstation. Results: The results obtained prove that according to the nurses surveyed, the main problem associated with working in the operating theatre is constant exposure to harmful factors that have a significant impact on workload. Conclusions: There are factors identified by the staff at the operating theatre nurse's workstation that affect the level of strain both physically and mentally. Shaping the right working conditions, affecting the efficiency and safety of employees should be a priority for hospital managers and directors. Keywords: surgical nurse, work environment, risk factors, mental workload, physical workload

MańkoAleksandra. Analysis of football referees injuries - literature review.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(6):149-157. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.06.015 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.06.015 https://zenodo.org/record/6648906 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.06.2022. Revised: 15.06.2022. Accepted: 16.06.2022. Analysis of football referees injuries - literature review Aleksandra Mańko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-1665 e-mail: aleksandra.manko@lakp.pl Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Abstract Introduction and purpose: According to the literature, injuries are defined as the result of the action of significant energy, causing dysfunction and anatomical-physiological changes. In the case of football referees, sports injuries occur during physical exertion in the form of matches and training sessions. As a result, various injuries occur, both on the pitch and during arduous training. They often take place as the aftermath of summed micro-injuries. Properly early detection and analysis of these signals helps to heal the damage and to avoid a longer break from activity, which would inevitably result in a serious injury. The aim of this study is to analyze the most common injuries and their risk factors in football referees on the basis of the current literature. Description of the state of knowledge: 9 research papers from the last twelve years (2009-2021) containing the above-mentioned keywords have been qualified for this review. Based on the above works, it is possible to determine when and how often injuries occur among referees, and what areas of the body are injured. Due to the multifactorial etiology of injuries and heterogeneous diagnostic systems, which would constitute a standardized research tool, it is difficult to say unequivocally what is the greatest cause of an injury. Conclusions: 1) Injuries among referees at different levels of the game occur more often due to the match load than the training load. 2) Muscle injuries were the most common, but there was no indication of a tendency towards the exact location of the injury, which requires further research. Keywords: football (soccer); referee; injury prevalence; musculoskeletal complaints.

WanatTomasz,LeksowskiŁukasz. Short- and long-term effects of transfers on football clubs' sport performance. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(5):252-260.eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.05.019 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.05.019 https://zenodo.org/record/6574038 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 1, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 1 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe:Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 04.04.2022. Revised: 20.05.2022. Accepted: 23.05.2022. Short- and long-term effects of transfers on football clubs' sport performance Tomasz Wanat Department of Marketing Strategies, Poznan University of Economics and Business, POLAND tomasz.wanat@ue.poznan.pl, ORCID 0000-0001-9429-5564 Łukasz Leksowski Ph.D. candidate, Poznan University of Economics and Business, POLAND, ORCID 0000-0002-7988-0447 Abstract One of the important elements of football club quality management is the sale and purchase of player’s cards. These activities have important implications for the financial and sport performance of football clubs. The purpose of this paper is to determine how players transfers affect football teams’ sport performance. Data on transfers and sport performance came from available databases. They covered the period from 2004/05 to 2018/19 (before the pandemic). For data analysis, a series of hierarchical analysis of regression were conducted. The results show that there is an effect of transfers on football teams’ sport performance but it explains a relatively small amount of football club’s sport performance. The impact from a transfer in a given year affects sport performance not only in the same year, but also in subsequent years. However, the effect of transfer disappears when control variables are introduced. Thus, the general conclusion from the study is that there is no overall effect of transfers on teams’ sport performance. The analyses were conducted only on clubs from the 5 major European leagues and football clubs that were continuously present in the top division. Due to the fact that it included mainly the strongest clubs, the results are relevant for clubs wishing to build up their sporting position on the European market. It is less relevant for weaker clubs. The study consisted of using data over a period of several years, which provides an opportunity to trace the dynamics of change and long-term effects, which is rarely analyzed in the sports literature. Keywords:sport performance, football transfers

Cabaj Justyna, Bargieł Julia, Chmielewska Izabela, Milanowski Janusz. The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung cancer - a case report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(1):138-146. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.01.011 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.01.011 https://zenodo.org/record/5854678 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 1, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 1 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe:Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.12.2021. Revised: 25.12.2021. Accepted: 15.01.2022. The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung cancer - a case report Justyna Cabaj, Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Julia Bargieł, Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Izabela Chmielewska, Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland Janusz Milanowski, Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland Corresponding author: Justyna Cabaj, ul. Chodźki 3/25, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Phone: +48 537 278 998. E-mail address: justyna.99@vp.pl Abstract: Introduction: Lung cancer has been the main oncological problem in the world for years. It is extremely important to use appropriate diagnostic methods that enable its detection and implementation of appropriate treatment. Aim: The presented case shows the advantage of computed tomography over chest X-ray (X-ray) in visualizing neoplastic changes in the lungs. Case Study: The paper presents a description of a patient diagnosed with centrally located advanced lung adenocarcinoma with a strong expression of PD-L1 qualified for treatment with pembrolizumab. Results and Discussion: Presented case confirms that X-ray is less sensitive, especially in the case of centrally located tumors. Therefore, the emergence of a new cough in a smoker or ex-smoker should raise concerns related to lung cancer despite a normal X-ray image. The central location of the tumor may cause dramatic course of the symptoms. In the presented case, a sudden significant deterioration of the condition was observed due to atelectasis of the entire lung. Haemoptysis observed during hospitalization was another symptom of centraly located tumor mass. Conclusions: In conclusion, the history of cigarette smoking, presence of typical symptoms should provide an in-depth diagnosis of lung cancer, despite normal X-ray. Diagnostic procedures include computed tomography in the first place. The course of centrally localized disease may change rapidly during on first cycle of treatment. Due to the possibility of serious complications of the ongoing neoplastic disease, the patient should be under constant medical supervision. Key words: computed tomography, diagnosis of lung cancer, a case report

Ramadani L.,Rashiti N.,Shkodra M.,Heta G. Influence of some anthropometric and motor parameters on triple jump. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(12):38-46. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.12.003 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.12.003 https://zenodo.org/record/5759663 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.11.2021. Revised: 25.11.2021. Accepted: 05.12.2021. Influence of some anthropometric and motor parameters on triple jump Ramadani L.1,Rashiti N.2,Shkodra M.2,Heta G.3 University of Prishtina, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Prishtina,Kosova Abstract Athletics disciplines are characterized by motor movements that can be successfully applied during the educational process or through other forms of exercise, which significantly affect the development of general psychophysical abilities of individuals. Each of the disciplines of athletics acts on the development of individual abilities, but also on the general psychophysical status of man and for this reason athletics is called the "queen of sports". Athletic activities have a characteristic of participant inclusion.The values of the paper will be based on the purpose of anthropometric, basic motor and specific motor characteristics of students aged 21 years ± 6 months.A total of 70 male students, 7 anthropometric variables, 7 motor variables and 1 specific motor variable that were tested during the period of May, of the academic year, 2020/2021 were included in the research.In the basic parameters students, based on the results achieved in this anthropometric variable, are presented as a moderately homogeneous group.Although it is seen that the acquired flexibility and convexity (Skewness and Kurtosis) have a pronounced asymmetry, in the vast majority of anthropometric variables. Although it is seen that the acquired flexibility and convexity (Skewness and Kurtosis) have a pronounced asymmetry, in the vast majority of motor and criterion variables. Thus the statistically significant coefficients of the variables with the highest degree of statistical inference (p Keywords: anthropometric variables, motor, specific, student, regression.

Dolomatov Sergey, Kazakova Vera, Zukow Walery.Hoxgenes in the coordination of embryonic development.Model of hourglass in the description of vertebrate ontogenesis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(12):24-37. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.12.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.12.002 https://zenodo.org/record/5758973 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.11.2021. Revised: 25.11.2021. Accepted: 04.12.2021. Hoxgenes in the coordination of embryonic development.Model of hourglass in the description of vertebrate ontogenesis Dolomatov Sergey1, Kazakova Vera1, Zukow Walery2 1Crimean Federal University, Simferopol 2Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń Abstract The paper analyzes the role of HOX genes in the processes of embryonic development of vertebrates. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that HOX genes are the most important regulators of embryonic development. The HOX genes predominantly realize their influence through specific HOX proteins that have the ability to regulate the expression of target genes. The order of expression of the HOX genes, as a rule, obeys the rule of temporal and spatial colinearity. This mechanism determines the temporal and spatial course of tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development and tissue regeneration in organisms that have reached the stage of maturity. The process of embryo morphogenesis, determined by highly conserved HOX genes, explains the appearance of the phylotypic period - the stage of embryonic development of vertebrates, at which embryos of different classes of vertebrates have distinct morphological similarities. Key words: Hoxgenes, embryogenesis, collinearity, phylotypic period НОХ ГЕНЫ В КООРДИНАЦИИ ЭМБРИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ. МОДЕЛЬ «ПЕСОЧНЫХ ЧАСОВ» В ОПИСАНИИ ОНТОГЕНЕЗА ПОЗВОНОЧНЫХ Доломатов С.И., Казакова В.В., Жуков В. КрымскйФедеральныйУниверситет УниверситетНиколая Коперника Реферат В работе проанализирована роль НОХ-генов в процессах эмбрионального развития позвоночных животных. На основании проведенного анализа делаются выводы о том, что НОХ гены являются важнейшими регуляторами эмбрионального развития. Свое влияние НОХ-гены преимущественно реализуют через специфические НОХ-белки, обладающие способностью регулировать экспрессию генов-мишеней. Порядок экспрессии НОХ-генов, как правило, подчиняется правилу временной и пространственной колинеарности. Этот механизм детерминирует временной и пространственный ход морфогенеза тканей во время эмбрионального развития и регенерацию тканей организмов, достигших стадию зрелости. Детерминированный высоко консервативными НОХ-генами процесс морфогенеза эмбриона объясняет появление филотипического периода – этапа эмбрионального развития позвоночных, на котором зародыши различных классов позвоночных обладают отчетливым морфологическим сходством. Ключевые слова:НОХ-гены, эмбриогенез, колинеарность, филотипический период

FilareckaAgnieszka, Biernacki Maciej, Jęchorek Michał, Dudzic Piotr,Wyląg Joanna, Lisiński Jarosław, Polakowska-Mierzwa Karolina, Nowak Beata, Jabłoński Wiktor, Hozakowski Mateusz. Physiotherapy in a patient with colorectal cancer - preoperative management. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(10):193-203. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.10.017 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.10.017 https://zenodo.org/record/5602405 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.10.2021. Revised: 10.10.2021. Accepted: 26.10.2021. Physiotherapy in a patient with colorectal cancer - preoperative management Agnieszka Filarecka1,4, Maciej Biernacki2,4, Michał Jęchorek3, Piotr Dudzic4, JoannaWyląg4, Jarosław Lisiński4, Karolina Polakowska-Mierzwa4, Beata Nowak4, Wiktor Jabłoński4, Mateusz Hozakowski4 Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair of Oncological Surgery Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair and Department of Anatomy TOTU Addiction Therapy Center in Karnice Saint Celestine Association in Mikoszów Corresponding author: mgr Agnieszka Filarecka Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, hair and Clinic of Oncological Surgery Ul. Izabeli Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland Tel. 503074346 e-mail: aga.filarecka@gmail.com Summary During the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, whether by laparoscopic or classic open method, the tissues in the abdominal cavity are traumatized. The cuts of the muscle fibers are associated with the disturbance of the tone of the postural muscles. A scar within the abdominal cavity also causes movement limitations in the form of restrictions in the mobility of the spine. The implementation of patient rehabilitation in the form of targeted physiotherapy before the procedure should be an indispensable element of the treatment of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study is to propose a therapy that uses the spine mobility test to diagnose deficits. The proposed preoperative therapy focuses mainly on improving the parameters of the spine's mobility. The paper presents examples of activities that can be used in therapy before surgery. A review of the available literature and own experience were used for the work. It can be concluded from the analyzed literature that physiotherapy in oncological patients is not very widespread and is neglected in the treatment process. Patients, by In the literature, before colorectal cancer removal surgery, they are not subjected to physical rehabilitation, which is associated with complications resulting from the course of the procedure. The process of rehabilitating patients after surgical treatment of colorectal cancer should take place in the pre-operative period. Physiotherapy should take into account the weakening of the muscle strength in the trunk and limitations of mobility caused by age. Rehabilitation should be aimed at restoring functionality. Key words:cancer, rehabilitation, spine mobility ranges

FilareckaAgnieszka, Biernacki Maciej, Jęchorek Michał, Leksowski Łukasz, MałekMichał, Tysowski Robert, Molek Karolina, TysowskaMagdalena, Szymura Karolina. The process of physiotherapy in patients treated for colorectal cancer. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(9):735-741. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.09.088 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.09.088 https://zenodo.org/record/5534624 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2021. Revised: 20.09.2021. Accepted: 27.09.2021. The process of physiotherapy in patients treated for colorectal cancer Agnieszka Filarecka1,2, Maciej Biernacki3, Michał Jęchorek4, Łukasz Leksowski5, Michał Małek6, Robert Tysowski6, Karolina Molek6,Magdalena Tysowska7, KarolinaSzymura7 Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair of Oncological Surgery State School of Higher Education in Gniezno, Institute of Health Science Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair and Department of Anatomy TOTU Addiction Therapy Center in Karnice Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair and Clinic of Rehabilitation St. Celestine Society, Mikoszow R-med, Wroclaw Tarnów School of Higher Education, Faculty of Applied Sciences Corresponding author: mgr Agnieszka Filarecka Collegium Medicum, UMK Bydgoszcz, Chair of Oncological Surgery Ul. Izabeli Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland Tel. 503074346 e-mail: aga.filarecka@gmail.com Summary Cancer is the cause of almost 1/3 of premature deaths worldwide. The problem of cancer incidence is a global problem. Better and better medical care and modern methods of treatment make the effects of treatment high. The invasiveness of the procedures, introducing systemic methods, causes traumatization of tissues, which causes disability. The paper presents the proposed method of physiotherapeutic treatment in a patient treated for colorectal cancer. A review of the available literature and own experiences were used for the study It can be concluded from the available literature that in the case of cancer treatment, treatment should be interdisciplinary and the use of physiotherapy is necessary at every stage of treatment. Keywords: disability, oncology, rehabilitation

Prylińska Monika, Kożuchowski Marcin, Husejko Jakub. A child with vitiligo. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(9):565-570. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.09.073 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.09.073 https://zenodo.org/record/5530607 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2021. Revised: 20.09.2021. Accepted: 27.09.2021. A CHILD WITH VITILIGO Monika Prylińska1, Marcin Kożuchowski1, Jakub Husejko2 Department of Physiology of Physical Effort and Functional Anatomy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Abstract: Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition which affects 0,5-2% of the world’s population, without any sex or ethnical predilection. Clinically it is characterized by the development of well-defined depigmented macules. Although its etiopathogenesis is exquisitely compound and remains not fully anderstood, it is known that it results from the destruction of melanocytes present in the skin. The aim of this paper is to present vitiligo clinical picture in a children population, its etiopathogenesis and available therapeutical methods. There are many therapeutic options for vitiligo, none of which is fully effective, hence appropriate patients education concerning various medical and cosmetic therapies, as well as the psychological aspects of the disease, is extremely important. Key words: vitiligo, child, melanocytes, phototherapy, vitiligo treatment

SachajAnna,Szczypiór-PiaseckaKarina,MińkoAlicja,AntczakKrzysztof. The programme of comprehensive rehabilitation after lumic post-resection with the reconstruction of a proximal part of femur with mutars system resulting from the treatment of pelvis chondrosarcoma. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(9):614-629. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.09.078 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.09.078 https://zenodo.org/record/5532820 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2021. Revised: 20.09.2021. Accepted: 27.09.2021. The programme of comprehensive rehabilitation after LUMIC post-resection with the reconstruction of a proximal part of femur with MUTARS system resulting from the treatment of pelvis chondrosarcoma Anna Sachaj SKN Rehabilitacji Ortopedycznej i Terapii Manulanej przy KOTiONR PUM, Poland Karina Szczypiór-Piasecka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-9201Katedra Ortopedii. Klinika Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland Alicja Mińko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3958alicja.minko287@gmail.comSKN Rehabilitacji Ortopedycznej i Terapii Manulanej przy KOTiONR, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie, Poland Krzysztof Antczak https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-0611Studium doktoranckie, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie, Poland Abstract Introduction:Malignant neoplasms of bone originating from the supporting tissues of the body of mesinchymal origin are heterogeneous in clinical and histological terms. In most cases, the etiology of these tumors is unknown. Histologically, sarcomas are classified into three main types. Chondrosarcoma (31% of sarcomas), osteosarcoma - originating from bone tissue (also accounts for 31% of sarcomas), Ewing sarcoma - originating from neuroectodermal tissue (accounts for 14% of sarcomas). The aim of this study was to present a program of comprehensive rehabilitation after LUMIC resection arthroplasty with reconstruction of the proximal part of the femur using the Mutars system as a result of pelvic chondrosarcoma treatment. Materials and methods:The paper describes a case of a patient diagnosed with left pelvic chondrosarcoma with a pathological fracture and destruction of the left hip joint. Results: In the rehabilitation program, both inpatient and outpatient, many methods of therapy have been used in order to restore the patient to the highest possible fitness as quickly as possible. The therapy was based on such exercises and methods as: PNF method, methods of visceral therapy, active exercises and methods of osteopathy. Conclusion: Rehabilitation is an indispensable element of the treatment of cancer patients. The introduction of modern techniques, such as manual therapy and osteopathy to rehabilitation, has a positive effect on the effectiveness of therapy. Key words: therapy; alloplastic; chondrosarcoma

KlasJakub, Kluz Natalia,MakaryczewMikołaj, Piwowar Klaudia. Treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD) - a review of the literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(9):473-483. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.09.061 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.09.061 https://zenodo.org/record/5524184 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2021. Revised: 20.09.2021. Accepted: 23.09.2021. Treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD) - a review of the literature Jakub Klas1, Natalia Kluz1, Mikołaj Makaryczew1, Klaudia Piwowar1 1Medical University of Lublin ORCID ID and E-mail: Jakub Klas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1909jakubklas99@gmail.com Natalia Kluz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-5913nataliakluz99@gmail.com Mikołaj Makaryczew https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-8221mo7655010@gmail.com Klaudia Piwowar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-003Xklaudiaklaudia66@gmail.com ABSTRACT Introduction and aims of the study: The aim of this study is to present recent reports on the treatment and therapy of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD). The current treatment of patients affected by these diseases is difficult and unsatisfactory, therefore it is necessary to find new therapeutic options that will improve the effectiveness of treatment For the purpose of this study, scientific papers were reviewed using the Google Scholar search engine covering studies from 2016 to 2021. A dozen papers covering the scope of the publication were selected. Results: In the treatment of schizophrenia, the use of cannabinoids is of greatest interest due to the action of the preparations on the endocannabinoid system. In the treatment of ChaD, promising reports have been published on the therapy with aripiprazole and the need to improve its use in the treatment of both akathisia and agitation. Furthermore, from the fact that abnormalities of calcium signalling are considered a possible pathophysiological process in ChAD, it has been suggested that calcium channel L antagonists may be potential therapeutic agents in bipolar affective disorder. One study also demonstrated the potential use of vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with a depressive episode. Conclusions: The results of recent studies on the treatment of schizophrenia and ChAD cited in this paper offer the prospect of creating treatment regimens that are more effective and targeted in the aforementioned diseases. However, further randomised trials are needed to confirm the effective use of the cited drugs in the treatment of these diseases. Keywords: schizophrenia, ChAD, bipolar disorder