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Homework is a common practice in US schools, with much discussion of its potential benefits and drawbacks. But there is more to learn about the complexities of teachers' beliefs about homework's purpose, benefits, and challenges. This interview study with elementary teachers uses a beliefs framework to explore beliefs and their influence on perceptions of homework. Findings reveal a web of tensions around homework broadly, with teachers holding complex and even contradictory beliefs about homework and its usefulness. These tensions relate to the array of individuals with an investment in homework, their workloads, and goals to support diverse students equitably.

In this mixed methods case study, we explored the extent to which novice teachers in one institution were prepared to respond to homework-related concerns, be these in favor of or against the practice. We queried three sources of information: teacher educators, methods course syllabi, and national/state accreditation standards for teacher preparation. Findings revealed several key themes, including challenges inherent in guiding preservice teachers as they navigate homework policies. In addition, even though teacher educators believed it important to prepare preservice teachers for the inherent complexity of homework practices, they provided minimal guidance on how they might address such concerns. Syllabus and standards reviews showed that neither addressed homework-related issues. We discuss implications for preservice teacher preparation.

Homework is a common practice in US schools, with much discussion of its potential benefits and drawbacks. But there is more to learn about the complexities of teachers' beliefs about homework's purpose, benefits, and challenges. This interview study with elementary teachers uses a beliefs framework to explore beliefs and their influence on perceptions of homework. Findings reveal a web of tensions around homework broadly, with teachers holding complex and even contradictory beliefs about homework and its usefulness. These tensions relate to the array of individuals with an investment in homework, their workloads, and goals to support diverse students equitably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this mixed methods case study, we explored the extent to which novice teachers in one institution were prepared to respond to homework-related concerns, be these in favor of or against the practice. We queried three sources of information: teacher educators, methods course syllabi, and national/state accreditation standards for teacher preparation. Findings revealed several key themes, including challenges inherent in guiding preservice teachers as they navigate homework policies. In addition, even though teacher educators believed it important to prepare preservice teachers for the inherent complexity of homework practices, they provided minimal guidance on how they might address such concerns. Syllabus and standards reviews showed that neither addressed homework-related issues. We discuss implications for preservice teacher preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article expresses the opinions of several school administrators regarding the maximum number of subjects requiring home preparation that should be taken by high school students. According to Superintendent Frank P. Smith, there should be a definite amount of home reading for the first year. School Principal D. S. Sanford relates that there should be fifteen recitations of prepared work, while Edith R. Shaw states that there should be four recitation periods that need outside preparation.

The article features a research on homework. McGill conducted a study to find out the effects of homework on achievement in social studies abilities and achievement in economics and American history and government. He designated 16 classes at John Adams High School in New York City as either experimental or control groups. In the first term, the homework classes had higher mean scores on the Cooperative American History Test but for the second term, the non-homework group had higher mean scores.

The article focuses on the concerns about the home work assigned by high school teachers to boys and girls in the United States. Home work is one of the problems that school executives must face and settle. There needs to be a particular policy with regards to home work. Children are expected to spend daily not more than three-quarters of an hour on home work in first year high school.

The article focuses on the advice that there will be no homework to be assigned to children below the seventh grade in the U.S. This is to keep with the general educational thought on the subject. It has been argued that the children at home tend to learn many wrong things on the ground that their home work triggers frequent family conflicts. On the other hand, many parents welcome this proposition since it means less bother as well as annoyance to them.

The article presents a plan which aims to motivate students to do their homework in the U.S. As a motivator, homework is to be included in the grading. The main point of the plan is to require all pupils to read something to their parents about what they study in school. Through this, the pupils will be encouraged to read their lessons.

The article focuses results of a survey conducted by the New York Academy of Public Education that shows the benefits of home work to school children. It was urged that home work gives parents opportunity to show interest in the work of their children. Teachers favored the recommendation of home work in all grade levels because it helps parents as well as children.

A letter addressed to the parents of New York High School students from principal Frederick Leighton in Oswego, New York about the support of parents in the homework of students is presented.

The article discusses the proposal of school crediting for homework to students by Lewis Raymond Alderman in the U.S. The author claims that Alderman has contributed to educational progress with this proposal. The proposal has been developed during his term as school superintendent and as an educator.

The article claims that homework does not injure the health, mentality, or habits of study of children above the fourth grade. It argues that the number of pages which must be covered in order to finish a certain book at a certain time determines the number of hours of home study, instead of the number of hours which it is well for a child to study to determine the number of pages to be studied does not make sufficient grounds for condemning the system as a whole.

The article discusses the method used by Superintendent E. G. Bailey for marking the homework of pupils in Ontario, Oregon. A weekly report is marked by the pupils' parents and is returned to the superintendent at the end of a six-week period. The phases of home life upon which parents mark and the phases of school work upon which the teacher mark the pupils are presented.

The article reports on the plan of New York City superintendent of schools William J. O'Shea to reorganize home-work methods. He is waiting for a report from the District Superintendents' Association, which has been investigating the problem. He plans to assign home work to the higher grades in the elementary schools, but this would be limited to an hour and a half a day.

The article offers advice on how to make an effective study. One should plan first his study schedule, hold to the schedule and jot down the assignment as it is made by the teacher. One should make sure that one understands what the assignment is, what is to be done and how to do it. In order not to forget, do a part of the assignment shortly after it is made by teacher.

The article discusses the educational systems in different parts of the world 75 years ago. The German mothers were very watchful of their children's habits but the mothers in the United States were not as watchful as their German counterparts. The students in Prussia had so much of homework that the Minister of Public Instruction addressed a circular to address the subject. The education in Russia is progressing in leaps and bounds.

The article presents the comments of the author on helping his son with an algebra problem given by his algebra teacher. Children often ask their parents to help with their homework. They often find algebra problems awful. The author says that his son once asked him to solve an algebra problem, an original, out of the teacher's head, which he could not solve. The problem needed to be solved for the next day class.

The article comments on the implementation of inter-school athletics in the junior high school and the extensive daily school assignments of students. The author disapproved the inter-school athletics since it provides great emotional and physical strain and the expenses of physical training is very high. On the other hand, he author points out that extensive notes taken by the students is a waste of time since it consumes the time allocated for studying purposes.

The article discusses the importance of assignment in building better study habits among students. Assignment provides an opportunity for teacher leadership and guidance by giving the teacher a chance to motivate the work so that the interest of each pupil will be thoroughly aroused. Self checking is a helpful study aid and a valuable habit to form. Assignment that stimulates confidence, interest and satisfaction are essential to any plan for building better study habits.

The article focuses on the role played by parent participation in helping and motivating their children to deal with home work. According to the U.S. state educational laws, the parent is the absolute guardian of the child in all matters affecting his health, education and social life. Therefore, it the parent finds no need of home work in the particular case of his own child, the child should be made free of the burden of this task.

Focuses on the out-of-school study practices of high school students in the U.S. Physiological impact of excessive mental activity; Length of time spent by students in home study based on a survey conducted by Doctor Frederick Winsor in Massachusetts; Necessity for teachers to determine the mental capacity of students to prevent health deterioration.

The article presents updates on issues and topics related to education in the U.S. A petition has been signed by Brooklyn teachers for the reappointment of the five women members of the Brooklyn school board. Instructions were issued by Saint Louis that there would be no home work that shall involve the study of textbooks. George Holliday has been appointed as postmaster of Pittsburg.

The article discusses methods on how to solve the schoolwork. When there is a schoolwork look after the details, then try to solve it. On the other hand, in mathematics problem, rules in arithmetic should never be learned until processes are performed automatically. It helps to recall the process if a student understand it.

The article focuses on a suggestion from superintendent L. A. Lowther of Emporia, Kansas concerning the cooperation between home and school. It is suggested that parents look after any home work, chores or tasks regularly done by children. The work may include dishwashing and sewing for girls, and milking and feeding stock for boys. Parents are asked to fill out a report every six weeks.

The article deals with the memoriter method of teaching. It is noted that the homework should fit the individual needs of the child. It is not applicable to assign the same home work to every pupil without regard to the weakness or needs of the individual. The article also compares memoriter method with the Montessori system.

The article presents the letter of superintendent E. B. Conklin of Ontario, Oregon sent to the patrons of the public schools of the city giving credit for home work of children. According to him, the public schools of the state are intended to deliver the best possible service in helping students to become useful citizens. He believes that teachers and parents can work together in the training of the children.

Presents a letter to the editor about homework given to students.

The article presents the text of an anonymous letter published in a local paper in the U.S. arguing against the idea of home study. The impact of home work on homes, family relations and the children's hour is described. It also criticizes the failure of school authorities to solve the problems associated with home study.

The article comments on a protest against the idea of home study that appeared in a local U.S. paper. The claims against the impact of home work on the quality time spent by school children at home are repudiated. The article also cites the lack of attention paid to the opposition to home work as an evidence of public acceptance of the idea of home study.

Focuses on an examples of consuming interest of a student in school work under the class of teacher Edna Pugsley in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Need to read and study the work of an Eskimo, including hunting and camp life; Features of a project submitted by a student depicting fur-trading post; Materials used by the student for his project.

The article suggests a lesson plan for teaching the history of the United States. Recommended topics to be given to students include slave trade, John C. Calhoun and the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Teachers must give an assignment that will do the students the most good.

The article discusses the author's experience of managing his time. He planned to manage his time before the vacation was over. He thought of working on his school works fifty hours a week provided that he still can have time to sleep and to go out. His everyday life activities, excluding school works, are still included in his time management. He claims that he is not that reliant to the plan, but commends that it has helped him in doing many things within a short span of time.

The article presents a first person narrative on how college students worked in the past. The amount of schoolwork to be completed seemed endless. There was no vacation, holiday or time for play or recreation. Algebraic equations were solved while asleep, while verses of Virgil or a sentence of Sallust were memorized on awakening.

The article offers advice to teachers in the U.S. regarding home lessons. Such lessons are desirable when the homes are endowed with an atmosphere that is conducive for study. The teacher should have good sense in determining the type of lessons that can be done at home. The children should never be held responsible for their homework in the same way that they are held responsible for those done in school.

The article presents an anecdote on a conversation between a teacher and a student on the student's failure to do his geometry assignment.

The article focuses on the survey conducted by Superintendent P. W. Horn of Houston, Texas, that determines the approach of parents and pupils in home study program in 1915 in the U.S. The survey found out that 674 white parents thought their children studied too much at home, 1,685 thought they did not study enough, and 3,939 believed their children studied just about right.

The article discusses several issues related to education in the United States. They include the conservativeness of superintendents with regards to women teachers smoking, the use of regular home work in the junior high schools and the usefulness of county convention.

The article reports on the survey conducted in public schools in New York City concerning student attitude toward homework and effect of athletic participation in student academic performance. Survey shows that non-athletic students scholarship is higher than those athletically active students while most students dislike lengthy homework assignments.

The article focuses on the objectives of school homework. homework are meant to develop individual weaknesses. Homework can be of various kinds like reading, drawing, noting current events, clippings, picture collections, reviewing classroom teaching, making scientific apparatus for experiments, visiting museums, and other. The objective of assigning homework is to teach pupils the art to teach themselves, and never as a reward of punishment.

The article presents the author's views on education in the U.S. During weekends, college dormitories remains vacant because undergraduates tend to attend games at neighboring institutions, visit dance clubs, and are drawn to house parties. In public schools, some teachers hand out heavy assignments to students to be completed over the weekends. College registration in the U.S. is growing very fast.

The article argues that elementary school hours are more suitable to junior high school students than senior high school hours. The option should be considered for academic and health reasons. One student favors coming back to school in the afternoon so he can do his home lessons and spend the remainder of his time as he would want to. Students can also go home for a proper luncheon and return in the afternoon to complete the day's mental effort with the remainder of the day and evening free from anxiety.

The article reports on the resolution adopted by the Milwaukee Federated Trades Council called "detrimental to the health of children," which describes the home work of school children to be in the nature of overtime mental labor. It states the Federated Trades Council's disapproval of the practice of home school work.

The article presents a letter from a school superintendent concerning teacher's tardiness in the U.S. The superintendent notes that only few cases of tardiness among teachers are reported. He directs that records of teachers must be thoroughly authenticated. He also appreciates giving of home works to students.

The article focuses on some complaints by parents regarding the difficulty of home lessons assigned by teachers to students in the U.S. One newspaper cited a case where a teacher of French had required each pupil to write a set of French sentences to a total of 3,000 words. The author emphasizes the need for schools to measure the difficulty of home lessons to avoid complaints.

The author reflects on the suggestion of a parent with regards to the giving of assignments by teachers. Accordingly, he found himself agreeing when the parent advised that teachers should anticipate to cover the same amount of time every night whenever they give homework to their students. They should consider this system to practice proper distribution of assignments as well as of time, which is on the advantage of the students.

The article reports that the Soviet Ministry of Education published a memo to console Russian children at the end of their summer holidays. The memo forbids all home preparation, copying, learning by hear, arithmetical exercises, problems and other school work. There will also be an increase in the salary of teachers by 30 to 35 roubles a month.

The article differentiates between homework and study. Homework is something a student has to do to pass in a class. Studying is done to learn and understand something. Capable students should be discharged from homework and encouraged to do something with their brain. Real learning should be encouraged among students.

The article reports on a survey conducted by the public school authorities of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to extract the views of pupils, parents and teachers on home study. Responding to hundreds of questionnaires, three-fourth of the pupils and 85 percent of the parents favored home study, while in case of teachers, the percentage favoring home study was 90. However, there were doubts about as to its desirability or necessity in the elementary grades.

The article reports on the experiment done by James V. McGill concerning the importance of homework in social studies. McGill made the experiment in 16 classes and compared the achievements of students in the homework group with students in the non-homework class for four school terms. Test results were weighed and showed that there were no significant differences in the two groups.