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Creativity becomes an absolute necessity in this present era, so it is not something complement or dispensable, but an absolute necessity imposed by the challenges of the day, so university students are responsible for all the changes in all communities; for their enthusiasm and intelligence. Moreover, we have to educate our university students the flexible learning which enable them, How to learn? not What to learn? We have to educate them how to deal with modern technology, and also to create. Creativity is the process of developing your imagination, allowing and helping you thinking differently. By training your brain on how to think creatively; this will help you to create, solve problems, innovate, and to communicate with new ways. The last but not the least, the most important skills of creative thinking is the following: fluency, flexibility, and originality. In the end, the modern theories focus on explaining the process of creativity of being the result of creative environment, the characteristics of the creative person, and the creative output, so the important ways for developing creativity are: miscellaneous reading, produce greatest numbers of ideas, and dispose of negative thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current paper is to identify the relationship between cognitive distortions, academic self-efficacy, mindfulness, and academic procrastination among college students, and to reveal the presence of differences attributed to gender (male/female) and academic specialization (scientific/literary), as well as revealing the possibility of predicting academic procrastination. Through cognitive distortions, academic self-efficacy, and mindfulness. The research sample consisted of (300) male and female students at the Faculty of Education, Kafrelsheikh University. The researcher used: The Cognitive Distortions questionnaire prepared by (De Oliveira, 2015) translated into Arabic by the “researcher, the Academic Self-Efficacy questionnaire (Sachitra& Bandara, 2017), translated into Arabic by the “researcher,” and the Five Factors of Mental Awareness Scale by Bear et al., 2006), translated by “Abdul Raqeeb Al-Buhairi et al.” (2014), and the Brief Academic Procrastination Scale (Geara et al., 2019), translated into Arabic by the researcher. The results revealed a positive, statistically significant correlation between cognitive distortions and academic procrastination, and a negative correlation with academic self-efficacy and mindfulness. The results also revealed that there are no differences attributable to gender in cognitive distortions and mindfulness, and there are statistically significant differences attributable to gender (male/female) in academic self-efficacy in favor of females, and differences in academic procrastination in favor of males. The results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences in cognitive distortions, mindfulness, and academic procrastination attributable to specialization, and that there are statistically significant differences in academic self-efficacy attributable to specialization in favor of scientific specializations. The results revealed the possibility of predicting academic procrastination through cognitive distortions, academic self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Some recommendations and proposed research were presented considering the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic intelligence is associated with a distinct type of mental abilities and basic skills that individuals ،especially leaders ،need ،which allows them to think comprehensively and systemically regarding their institution future.the aim of the current paper is to identify the reality of practicing strategic Intelligence dimensions among staff and administrators in crisis management units at Assiut university .Also ،the current paper has attemped to come up with a suggested proposal to develop crisis management units in Egyptian universities (Assiut University as a model) in the light of strategic intelligence approach. The current research has used the descriptive approach ،and the study tool is represented in a questionnaire consisting of five axes (foresight; prospective vision; systems thinking; motivation; partnerships and alliances) ، and it is applied on a representative sample from crisis and disaster units boards of directors from faculty members (n = 36) and administrators (n = 21) in some theoretical and practical faculties at Assiut University. The results of the study have revealed that the degree of practicing strategic intelligence dimensions as a whole came with a medium degree for both staff and administrators with relative weight ( ،64 / ،55) respectively. As for the sample of staff ،the first dimension "Foresight the future" ranked first with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،69) ،while the second dimension "peospective vision" came in the last rank with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،59) . As for the administrators sample ،the fourth dimension "Motivation" came in the first rank with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،62) ،and the second dimension "prospective Vision" came in the last rank with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،50). In the light of literature review and field study findings ،the current study presented a suggested proposal to develop crisis management units in Egyptian universities (Assiut University as a model) in the light of the strategic intelligence approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal a bibliometric and content analysis of learning disabilities research published in scientific journals issued by Jordanian universities during the years (2020-2022), amounting to (29) research papers published in (15) scientific journals. To achieve the objectives of the study, the content analysis approach was used. The content analysis card was also used; the results indicated that the percentage of research related to learning disabilities published in these journals amounted to (1.3%). And that most of the research was in the component of evaluation and diagnosis (36.7%), while no study looked at the component of educational objectives and activities. And that the majority of the research used the quantitative research type (96.7%), especially the semi-experimental method (40.0%), and the mixed methodology was not used. This research targeted communities of school students (48.4%), especially elementary school students (35.5%). Research has used the scales tool (41.3%). Focus was placed on the student's corner first (58.1%), while the environmental corner was not addressed. Considering these results, the study made a few relevant recommendations, such as building a database for learning disabilities research. This research targeted the communities of school students (48.4%), especially elementary school students (35.5%). The samples were students with learning disabilities in general. Without specifying which type is the most category (35.5%), while other communities were not targeted. Most of the research used the scales tool (41.3%), Focus was placed on the student's corner first (58.1%), while the environmental corner was not addressed. Considering these results, the study made a few relevant recommendations, such as building a database for learning disabilities research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of a proposed program based on Jules Verne's science fiction novels to develop some geographical thinking skills and some geographical analysis skills of literary texts for students teachers of Geography Division.Two lists of some geographical thinking skills and some geographical analysis skills of literary texts were prepared for students teachers of Geography Division .A proposal based on Jules Verne's science fiction novels, and students' working papers were also prepared.The researcher prepared two research tools, namely: geographical thinking skills teste and geographical analysis skills for literary texts teste. The research group consisted of an experimental group of (27) male and female students from Geography Division of the fourth year - Faculty Education - Assiut University, and the results of the research found a significant effectiveness of the proposed program in developing geographical thinking skills amounted to (0.991) and the geographical analysis skills of literary texts amounted to (0.992) among student teachers of Geography Division the research group, and there is a positive correlation with statistical significance at the level of Significance (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group student teachers in the post application of the geographical thinking skills test and the geographical analysis skills test of literary texts; It ranged between (20.9-25.6), that is a high percentage, which indicates a strong correlation between the two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific paper attempted to identify the concept of mindful Parenting, the theoretical models that explain it, its measurement, and the identification of future directions for its study, especially in Arabic studies. And the paper pointed out that mindful Parenting is employing mindfulness in the field of parenting, which is a typical extension of mindfulness from the personality trait to interpersonal relationships, and there are many explanatory models all, and the majority of them are unanimously agreed that they include the personal process (fathers and mothers), and the interpersonal process (interactions between parents- sons), and its measurement goes in almost one direction depending on the test of the parents’ report, with the scarcity of measures that depend on the test of the sons’ report. There is an urgent and necessary need for continuous research in this field, especially in Arabic studies. The scientific paper attempted to identify the concept of mindful Parenting, the theoretical models that explain it, its measurement, and the identification of future directions for its study, especially in Arabic studies. And the paper pointed out that mindful Parenting is employing mindfulness in the field of parenting, which is a typical extension of mindfulness from the personality trait to interpersonal relationships, and there are many explanatory models all, and the majority of them are unanimously agreed that they include the personal process (fathers and mothers), and the interpersonal process (interactions between parents- sons), and its measurement goes in almost one direction depending on the test of the parents’ report, with the scarcity of measures that depend on the test of the sons’ report. There is an urgent and necessary need for continuous research in this field, especially in Arabic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to shed light on the issue of digital transformation, which has become a reality in large part consistent with the movement of change and the knowledge, information and digital revolution that the world is witnessing, and the great overlap that this transformation represents in all aspects and levels of interaction, whether political, social, economic, or educational. Or intellectual and ideological ... etc., and the extent of the impact of this digital transformation on human life in general, and on education, which is the direct method for societies to achieve the qualitative preparation of their members in a context of educational security, which is the guarantee for the proper formation of individuals and their formation on values that drive presence and positive interaction Based on clear criteria in this context. The paper revealed the problems of digital transformation and its dangerous effects on educational security in its various dimensions, and it tries to establish a framework around which one can think to get out of this serious problem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This researching Paper aimed to show the roles of school organizational ingenuity - as a mediating variable - between inspirational thinking and its modern necessity in crisis management in educational institutions . Thus, the most important distinguishing features between the philosophy of inspirational thinking and the other types of thinking were discussed, namely : intuitive (natural) thinking - emotional thinking - logical thinking - mathematical thinking - critical thinking, or reflective thinking - scientific thinking, or systematically organized thinking, Creative thinking - evaluative thinking - deductive thinking and inductive thinking . This researching Paper clarified – also - the dimensions of organizational ingenuity, and the extent of its need for dynamic capabilities that enable it to move from a situation of prevention to a situation of movement towards this status, and implementation by focusing on current activities in all fields in educational institutions . This researching Paper has concluded by identifying the most important roles hoped for inspiring thinking, and through organizational ingenuity towards managing educational crises through the following creative steps : * - Foreseeing the future in managing educational crises . * - Awareness and ability of Adaptation during the management of educational crises . * -Learning through self-correction during the management of educational crises * - Finding alternatives and solutions to facing the educational crises . This researching Paper presented also a proposal to think about a new dates for the appropriate time map for the new academic year, so that it begins at the beginning of April and ends in December of each academic year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aimed at: (1) introducing e-learning, its concept, objectives, types, and characteristics, (2) defining instructional strategies, instructional strategies and e-learning, (3) defining the objectives of instructional and e-learning strategies, (4) defining the roles of teachers in e-learning environments, and (5) elaborating on some instructional and e-learning strategies that can be used during COVID-19 pandemic. The research paper adopted the analytical descriptive approach. Based on the above-mentioned objectives, some recommendations and suggestions have been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aimed at: (1) introducing e-learning, its concept, objectives, types, and characteristics, (2) defining instructional strategies, instructional strategies and e-learning, (3) defining the objectives of instructional and e-learning strategies, (4) defining the roles of teachers in e-learning environments, and (5) elaborating on some instructional and e-learning strategies that can be used during COVID-19 pandemic. The research paper adopted the analytical descriptive approach. Based on the above-mentioned objectives, some recommendations and suggestions have been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this working paper was to identify the concept of the digital age and technical and industrial secondary education and the twenty-first century skills of technical secondary education students in Egypt in the digital age, and recommendations and proposals to activate the development of the twenty-first century skills of technical secondary education students in Egypt in the digital age. The Cores topics of the working paper were as follows: The first Core: the concept of the digital age and industrial technical secondary education in Egypt The second Core: twenty-first century skills for technical secondary education students in Egypt in the digital age The third Core: recommendations and proposals to activate the development and skills of the twenty-first century for students of technical secondary education in Egypt in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speaking is one of the language arts that seem the easiest for students to teach and learn. However, the reality reflects the reluctance of students to participate in its situations. This reluctance is due to several reasons, including linguistic and psychological ones. Teachers do their best to urge their students to participate in speaking classes and to overcome barriers, including those related to the curriculum. If needs analysis and situational analysis are among the approaches that can contribute to the development of speaking curricula, then this paper presented SWOT analysis as an entry that combines the advantages of needs analysis and situational analysis to be the best to improve speaking curricula for its interest in examining internal factors (teacher-learner - content - activities - school administration), supporting their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses, as well as it can take into account the external factors (values and customs - current events - religious institutions - social media - social problems) and the opportunities and threats they represent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents Critical vision for teaching staff abilities development program in Egyptian universities. This paper provides questions more than answers .., one of these questions: where,s Self- Learning Culture?.. question for answer…!! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technologies have become an essential part in human life, and these technologies have imposed themselves strongly after the Covid-19 pandemic. Distance learning has become a reality in students' academic life, then the traditional system has turned into a blended system, which requires correct digital ethical practices as concerns were raised about it. Therefore, this paper aims examine the digital ethics in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of students of the Faculty of Specific Education at Damietta University. To reach this end, the research follows the descriptive approach, using the questionnaire as one of its tools in five digital ethical areas: intellectual property rights (copyright protection), privacy, accuracy, and safety, And misuse; the questionnaire was applied to a sample of (848) students of the third and fourth year in the college, and the results showed that the majority of the sample members have a positive perception of digital ethics practices, especially in the field of safety, followed by privacy, accuracy and misuse, ending with copyright protection. In addition, there are no statistically significant differences in the responses of the sample members due to the gender variable, and there are statistically significant differences in the responses of the sample members due to the study group and parent variables Educational programs. The paper also revealed the factors that prevent adherence to digital ethics, and proposals to enhance digital ethics from the students' point of view. The paper ended with a proposed vision to enhance the development of digital ethics among students of the Faculty of Specific Education, Damietta University in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the relative contribution of maternal meta-emotion patterns and executive functions in predicting Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).The data is collected from a sample of (217) students that have difficulties learning mathematics with an average age of (11.9) and a standard deviation of (0.834). The sample also included the mothers of these students with a mean age (37.57) years, and a standard deviation (2.018).The present research employed the descriptive and clinical approach. The study made use of: Progressive Matrices Test (Ali, 2016), Scale for Math Learning Difficulties (Al-Zayyat, 2007), the ODD Scale (Al-Desouki, 2015), the Maternal Meta-Emotional Patterns Scale, the Executive Functions Test, a clinical interview questionnaire (prepared by the researcher), and the Sacks Sentences Completion Test (Salama, 1970). Results showed that there is a statistically significant negative correlation at the level (0.01) between the emotion coaching pattern and ODD, a positive, statistically significant correlation at the level (0.01) between the pattern of emotion (dismissing, Laissez-faire and opposing) and ODD, a negative statistically significant correlation at level (0.01) between executive functions and ODD, and no statistically significant effect of gender, grade on ODD. Results also revealed that emotion coaching contributed to the prediction of ODD by (47%), a contribution of the Emotional Executive Functions by (42%), and then the opposing emotion pattern by (22%). The least contributing was found to be the pattern of Laissez-faire emotion by (10%). the pattern of dismissing emotion and cognitive executive functions did not contribute to predicting ODD. There was a difference in personality dynamics between the two extreme states of students with learning difficulties. The results of the psychometric and clinical study agreed together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the Impact of a teaching model based on the theory of the five minds in developing the analytical thinking skills in Arabic Language among middle school female students. The quasi-experimental method was used. For this purpose, a test of analytical thinking skills was prepared in the areas of (categorizing, deducing, identifying relationships, comparing, summarizing, linking), the teaching model based on the theory of the five minds, and the teaching guide. The research sample consisted of (58) female students from the third grade in the intermediate school (7) for girls in Abha. They were randomly selected. Then they were divided into two groups; One of them is control, and its number is (28) students who are taught by the teacher method, and the other is experimental, numbering is (30) students who have studied using the teaching model. The results showed statistically significant differences at the (01.0) level in the analytical thinking test. For the benefit of the experimental group female students. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented; The most important ones: Emphasizing the use of teaching models that support education for the sake of thinking, and providing insight into its importance through conferences, seminars and scientific meetings. An addition to, Training Arabic language teachers on teaching strategies that support thinking, encouraging them to apply them, and supporting them with guidelines for their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we do not question current scientific and social theories and accepted facts, we may not realize that we may be limited by some distortions and errors. Without the possibility of critically interrogating ourselves, our beliefs, and what we read, any form of knowledge can be accepted. Differences in viewpoints can produce cognitive progress in the context of the uncertainty of the completeness of knowledge and the belief that it is in an infinite continuous development. In this paper I followed the critical model to examine knowledge about mathematical abstraction by building and supporting arguments, and claiming that there are some inconsistencies that need intellectual treatment supported by evidence, and my belief that there are components that increase the power of mathematical abstraction that did not come into interest, such as mathematical imagination and epistemic emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed at comparing between the situational scale versus self-report questionnaire in assessing cognitive distortions and investigating the predictive validity of both tools in predicting depression and anxiety. Additionally, it explored the gender differences in cognitive distortions as measured by both tools, and identified the level of cognitive distortions as measured by both tools. 137 participants (63 males, 74 females, mean age= 21.22, SD= 6.95) from college of education, Sultan Qaboos University were recruited to respond to the data collection instruments. The study tools were: the cognitive distortion scale (Covin et al., 2011), the cognitive distortions questionnaire (DeOlivera et al., 2015), Inventory of cognitive distortions (Yurica & Ditomasso, 2002; Roberts, 2015), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck, Steer, & Carbin (1988), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, and Steer, 1988). Internal consistency reliability was ensured using Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega. Validity was verified using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in addition to convergent and discriminant validity. Results of the research indicated a high level of cognitive distortions as measured either by the cognitive distortion scale (CDS) or the cognitive distortions questionnaire (CD-Quest). Statistical significant difference was found between students mean score on the CDS and CD-Quest favoring the (CDS) indicating that the (CDS) is more accurate in reporting cognitive distortions than the (CQ-quest). Gender differences measured by the (CDS) revealed non-significant differences in seven types of cognitive distortions and significant differences in three types (mind reading, mental filter, and emotional reasoning) in addition to the total score of the CDS favoring females (males scored higher than females). Gender differences measured by the (CDQuest) revealed non-significant differences in eleven types of cognitive distortions and significant differences in four types (should statements, what if, fortune-telling, and discounting the positive) in addition to the total score of the CDS favoring females (males scored higher than females). The (CDS) was good predictor of anxiety while did not predict depression. The CD-Quest was good predictor of Depression while did not predict anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to reveal the challenges of teaching Arabic from a distance for people with learning difficulties and development proposals from the point of view of teachers in Jubail. The descriptive approach was used in this paper; To suit the nature of the current research, a questionnaire about the challenges of teaching Arabic from a distance for people with learning difficulties and development proposals (prepared by the researchers) was applied to the research purposive sample (56) teachers, (42) of them were Arabic Language teacher and (14) learning difficulties teacher in Jubail. The results of the research showed that there are challenges facing teaching the Arabic language from a distance for people with learning difficulties related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to identify the effectiveness of using scientific stations in teaching Arabic in concept comprehension and literary taste among preparatory school students. An inventory of tasting skills as well as student worksheets at stations and the instructor's guide to station use was prepared and then designed therefore, the author designed and applied two research tools, i.e., concept comprehension test and literary taste test, to a sample of first-year preparatory students.It's 40 students per class, and it took two months to apply research. The results proved the effectiveness of using scientific stations in developing concept comprehension and literary taste among the participants. The study recommends the interest in concept comprehension, developing literary taste, and enhancing motivation to learn Arabic at different levels of education. It also recommends reconsidering the methods, styles, and instruction strategies of the Arabic language and utilizing modern ones to promote the practice of educational activities and enhance motivation to learn Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study sought to identify the reality of integrating the mentally handicapped in general education schools and to identify the most important difficulties and obstacles that prevent the achievement of the goal of integrating them with the ordinary and to put some proposals based on building on the positives and avoiding difficulties and obstacles. And the mentally handicapped were taught for long periods within a special system called schools of intellectual education, provided they passed codified intelligence tests, and they were the ones who were called the educators, and the chances of them coming into contact with the ordinary were almost non-existent except within the family, and soon the world turned to a policy of gradual integration as it began The so-called attached classes, which are classes for the mentally handicapped, are attached to general education schools, and the precedence was in the Arab world for the Gulf states, by virtue of the researcher’s work, and that was in 2003. However, the opportunities for integrating with the ordinary people were very limited and were limited to sports activities, artistic and agricultural education and other activities, and after the end of the activities classes, everyone returns to his class, the mentally disabled, to their class as well as the ordinary. Then the global trend of educational integration of the mentally disabled began under the umbrella of comprehensive integration and Egypt took Serious steps towards this direction and the enactment of many legislations that contribute to the integration of people with special needs, including the mentally handicapped. However, the comprehensive integration adopted by the Ministry of Education faced many difficulties that prevented the optimum and great benefit from the idea of inclusion, and this is the problem of the current study that the researcher is dealing with. Where the researcher monitored the reality of integrating the mentally handicapped into public education schools after a series of decisions issued by the Egyptian Ministry of Education, which at the end of which made all the schools of the Republic inclusive schools that allow the mentally handicapped close to those schools to apply to them after fulfilling the papers and conditions, and the researcher found in these studies There are many difficulties and obstacles in the method of integrating the mentally handicapped into public education schools, and these difficulties are multiple, some of which are due to human cadres and others are due to buildings and equipment, including to legislation and decisions. At the end of this study, a proposed scenario can be avoided according to which those difficulties and obstacles that face the integration of the mentally disabled with the ordinary ones can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thinking is a human process that is characterized by continuity, and because it is a human process that the individual takes as a basis for determining many of his life matters, the successful person becomes distinguished from others by using thinking, in style and how that leads to success. And the type of thinking that contributes to enabling the individual to achieve his goals and improve his life is positive thinking (AL-Husaini, 2021,42,43). The goal of the research paper: Addressing the following: Positive thinking: Definition. Aspects and dimensions of positive thinking. Positive thinking strategies. Positive thinking and its relationship to some other variables. Effectiveness of positive thinking training. Suggestions and recommendations: In light of the previous studies and the theoretical framework, several proposals and recommendations were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present working paper aims to identify the reality of digital reading and its role in the professional development of the student-teacher. It raised many questions to define the concept, significance, and role of digital reading in developing the student-teacher. It also investigated the most important challenges of the personal use of digital reading. Digital reading helps develop the skills of using contemporary learning techniques in education. The challenges of digital reading among the studentteachers include the lack of internet among many students, the lack of internet networks in the learning areas in the faculty, the lack of encouragement of making digital reading a main source of gaining knowledge and skill development, as well as the poor skills of using the sources of digital learning among students. The study recommends equipping the learning resource room at the faculties of education with internet networks to facilitate student access to the required knowledge, the digitalization of education using interactive electronic courses, motivating students to digital reading and research through the assignments of education, and raising student awareness of the ethics of digital reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he study aimed to use the use of artificial intelligence applications for automatic identification of the physical acoustic properties of the speech of students with speech disorders in the primary stage, and to achieve the objectives of the study, a measure of speech phoneme disorder was designed consisting of (54) items dealing with seven dimensions of the manifestations of speech sound disorder, and the current study sample was formed. Of (6) pupils and his student, (3) males, (3) females, their ages ranged between (6: 9) years of primary school students in the New Valley Governorate who had disturbances in the speech sound (pronunciation) in the aforementioned sounds. The focus in the physical analysis of speech sound disorder in the current study was on the sound wave, the acoustic components, the level of vocal pressure, the sound energy, and the frequency of the speech sounds, by taking speech samples in the production of sounds, which were analyzed physically to identify the number of vocal errors. And its types and stability of errors, intonation, tone, frequency, amplitude, pitch, loudness, intensity and type of voice, vocal beams, vocal movement resonance, vocal movement time, syllable and rhythm, and the results of the study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the use of artificial intelligence software Physical analysis of sound in component rate, pressure level, energy level, sound wave shape, duration of frequencies, speech sound disturbance of the sounds "t, t, qaf, kaf, tha, sine, dah, dal" and the position of disturbance in the word "beginning, middle, end" ", And there are also statistically significant differences (0.01) in the pupils' performance in the scale of speech sound disorders (paper) and between the artificial intelligence software (devices) for the physical sound analysis with the aim of extracting voice disturbances. Speech for elementary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]