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Abstract A rapid and sensitive, non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is of utmost importance for diagnosis and treatment of related diseases in clinical purpose. To meet this requirement, we report a simple and robust microwave-assisted synthetical route via prepared Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Gd 2 O 3 NPs@RGO) modified electrode for non-enzymatic H 2 O 2 detection. The composition and morphological formation were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, XPS, FESEM, and HRTEM. The impedance and cyclic voltammetry exhibit tremendous electrocatalytic capability and superior performance toward H 2 O 2 reduction. A sensitive and reproducible amperometric H 2 O 2 sensor was fabricated which was able to detect concentration as low as 1.57 nM. The method worked well even in clinical and biological samples, which indicates the reliability of the method in real time analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]