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Here we report a new conductivity sensing mechanism using a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) system for the first time. Briefly, the voltage dropping across the ECL reporting cell will change with the sample conductivity of the analytes cell in a closed bipolar system. Thus, a quantitative relation between the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) response and the sample conductivity is established. Based on this principle, chemicals those are not electroactive materials and do not participate in the ECL process can be detected now, which greatly expands the application range of the BPE and the powerful ECL technique. Then a paper-based bipolar ECL conductivity sensing platform was constructed and carefully characterized, and the results proved the rationality of this newly-proposed bipolar conductivity sensing mechanism. More importantly, this design is also a universal sensing platform, suitable for all the electrolytes without electroactivity (newly proposed), electroactive chemicals and chemicals directly related to the ECL reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article details the study of electrochemical behavior of new carbon electrodes based on pyrolysis of different paper sources to be used in biosensor applications. The resistivity of the pyrolyzed papers was initially used as screening parameters to select the best three paper samples (imaging card paper, multipurpose printing paper, and 3MM chromatography paper) and assemble working electrodes that were further characterized by a combination of microscopy, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy. Although slight differences in performance were observed, all carbon substrates fabricated from pyrolysis of paper allowed the development of competitive biosensors for uric acid. The presented results demonstrate the potential of these electrodes for sensing applications and highlight the potential advantages of 3MM chromatography paper as a substrate to fabricate electrodes by pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Porous conducting carbon paper has been identified as one of the most suitable materials to be used as an electrode support in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Carbon paper was prepared following a combined technique of papermaking followed by composite formation. Samples were prepared with varying thickness while maintaining a uniform composition and a constant density of 0.50g/cc. The effect of the thickness on various properties of carbon paper affecting its performance in the PEM fuel cell and cell efficiency has been discussed. Power density as high as 805mW/cm2 has been achieved for PEM fuel cell employing carbon paper sample with 0.028cm thickness, an increase of more than 55% as compared to 510mW/cm2 for 0.046cm thick sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]