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Ever since Computer Vision was introduced, humanity has seen various ways to detect or classify objects of various types. Depending upon the context in consideration, the performances of models vary with respect to their evolution or even upon the nature of the data in hand. The classification of front or rear views in vehicles forms an integral part when we go ahead with deciding whether a given vehicle is moving in the correct lane. In the context of Indian streets, we have various challenges like rural unmarked roads, faded markings, shaded situations from poles or trees, etc. Hence instead of detecting lanes, an alternative way is to detect whether the vehicle(s) ahead is facing toward or away from our vehicle. Various deep learning architectures have been proposed in this aspect to detect or classify objects like the networks from Visual Geometry Group, You Only Look Once, Inception Networks, Residual Networks, etc. In this paper, we have performed a comparative analysis of performance on various versions of You Only Look Once for its evolution over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of computer network and information technology, the Internet has been suffering from a variety of security attacks over the past few years. Attacks have become both numerous and complex, and the defender can not understand. In order to understand and defend against cyber attacks, it is necessary to understand the kind of attack. In this paper, we study computer and network attacks, and introduce a classification of them and propose a cyber attack classification called DMAT (Defense-oriented Multidimensional Attack Taxonomy). We use nine categories to describe the characteristic of the attack, which are attack target, attack impact, attack purpose, attack cost, attack exploiting, attack source, attack automation, attack loss and defense. The ninth category in the DMAT, classification by defense, is used to provide the defender with instructions of how to defense an attack. Compared to the existing taxonomies, our taxonomy efficiently classifies complex attacks and guide the defender to defense the possible attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statistical analysis of patents in specific areas can be an important tool for the evaluation of trends and advancements in specific research fields. Patenting is generally considered to be steered by commercial needs; hence it primarily concentrates on research results that are expected to have an important economic value. Patent data can be utilized to conduct comparative studies and trend analysis. This paper examines the granted patents from the United States Patent and Trademark office (USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO), in regards to the creation and/or use of nanoporous materials. The patents found were categorized by subject, and those belonging in the areas of Medicine, Energy or Environment were further analysed. The study also includes statistics about quality/value indicators, such as forward and backwards citations and references, age, family and materials used, as well as statistical data on the occurrences in literature of the materials studied, as found via a Scopus database search. The goal of this paper is to identify current trends and opportunities in these areas, and try to find possible gaps between the current reality and important societal needs. The identified trends and opportunities could be used by the industry as well as researchers, in order to adjust investment strategies, improve and potentially commercialize the corresponding patented applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional path planning for underwater vehicles is an important problem that focuses on optimizing the route with consideration of various constraints in a complex underwater environment. In this paper, an improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm based on pheromone exclusion is proposed to solve the underwater vehicle 3D path planning problem. The IACO algorithm can balance the tasks of exploration and development in the ant search path, and enable the ants in the search process to explore initially and develop subsequently. Then, the underwater vehicle can find the safe path by connecting the chosen nodes of the 3D mesh while avoiding the threat area. This new approach can overcome common disadvantages of the basic ant colony algorithm, such as falling into local extremum, poor quality, and low accuracy. Experimental comparative results demonstrate that this proposed IACO method is more effective and feasible in underwater vehicle 3D path planning than the basic ACO model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, authors apply Support Vector Regression (SVR) tool Oracle DM in forecasting volatility of Belex 15 index and estimation of Value-at-Risk (VaR). VaR is calculated using SVR model and compared to the results achieved implementing Markov Regime Switching model VaR and Feed Forward Neural Network VaR (ANN FFNN VaR). The results show that the SVR tools give better estimates of VaR comparing to other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized RAKE (G-RAKE) reception reduces the total amount of interference and provides enhanced diversity by comprising extra fingers to collect information about interference and further using channel and impairment correlation estimates for fingers allocation. However, the hardware complexity and the excessive computational requirements of GRAKE receivers may restrict their application in real systems; thus, suboptimal solutions are commonly used. In this paper, we propose and evaluate three maximum likelihood G-RAKE structures for colored noise with suboptimal finger placement. In all implementations, the fingers are optimally distributed within a time window that spans from several chip periods before the first arriving multipath to several chip periods after the latest one. The first receiver has its fingers at integer multiples of the chip period while in the rest two structures the search window is segmented in halves and tenths of the chip duration. This work also extends earlier studies by thoroughly investigating the impact of fractionally spaced finger placement on system performance. Our analysis shows that a suboptimal finger allocation reduces hardware complexity with negligible performance loss. The impact of channel delay spread and processing gain on system performance is also investigated and gives interesting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design and construction of a device for measuring compressive force during oil expression from oil bearing seeds or nuts. The device consist of a 10 tons load cell and an amplifier with display unit. The device was calibrated and tested. The result obtained from the test shows that the device is adequate for measuring dead load and compressive force, ranging from 0-100kN in a situation where a percentage error of up to 0.2% is permissible. In addition, test result of oil yield obtained by using the device to measure compressive force during oil expression from grounded Palm Kernel was compared to the result of oil yield measured using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) of 50KN capacity. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis using T-test. The comparative analysis of the two independent results confirmed that there is no significant difference between the two devices at 5% level of confidence (P>.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early water and gas breakthrough is a challenge for developing thin oil rim reservoirs. Secondary recovery methods such as water, gas, simultaneous water and gas (SWAG) and gravity-assisted simultaneous water and gas injection (GASWAG) methods are proven methods for developing thin oil rim reservoirs. Knowledge about a preferred technique is important to minimize cost and enhance performance. In this study, various water and gas injection scenarios applied to thin oil rim reservoirs were evaluated using reservoir simulation studies such that horizontal and vertical wells were used for production and injection respectively. The performance indicators considered include cumulative oil produced, oil production rate, and the onset of water and gas coning. Simulation results showed that injecting gas at the gas-oil contact (case 1) and at the water-oil contact (case 2) were the least favorable in improving oil recovery and in delaying gas coning and gas-cap surface production. SWAG and GASWAG resulted to an increase in production rate by 18.5% and 37.9% respectively in comparison to gas injection. Water injection at water-oil contact (case 3), SWAG and GASWAG augmented reservoir pressure with GASWAG sustaining the force balance within the reservoir much more than other methods during the simulation period. GASWAG technique also resulted to a 28% increase in cumulative oil produced in comparison to SWAG. This is because the GASWAG technique improved sweep efficiency with the downward movement of water and the upward movement of injected gas. Results from this study shows that GASWAG is a preferred method for developing thin oil rim reservoirs and should be adopted. It is however recommended to carry out an optimization study which determines the optimal input parameters for a GASWAG process that maximizes cumulative oil produced and delays water and gas breakthrough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strength and ductility of core concrete are important factors influencing the bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structures, and an appropriate mixing amount of basalt fiber can change the toughness index of concrete. To examine the reinforcing effect of basalt fiber on the bearing capacity of long CFST columns, axial compression bearing capacity experiments were conducted on 15 long basalt fiber-reinforced concrete (BFRC)-filled steel tube columns and 9 long CFST columns to determine the ultimate bearing capacity, load-displacement curve, and load-strain curve of the experimental columns. A comparative analysis was then performed on the experimental results and experimental characteristics of the bearing capacity to differentiate long fiber CFST columns from long CFST columns. Results revealed that compared with CFST columns, BFRC-filled steel tube columns displayed improved ultimate bearing capacities under experimental level. Specifically, for core concrete added with 12 mm basalt fiber, the ultimate bearing capacities of BFRC-filled steel tube columns with wall thicknesses of 4, 5, and 6 mm were improved by 9.7%, 8.6%, and 7.3%, respectively. For core concrete filled with 24 mm basalt fiber, the ultimate bearing capacities of long BFRC-filled steel tube columns with wall thicknesses of 4, 5, and 6 mm were improved by 7.8%, 5.7%, and 3.1%, respectively. Thus, basalt fiber improves the ductility of CFST columns. The findings of this paper is of important engineering indicate the promising application value of basalt fiber in long CFST columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of settlement troughs for the case when there are buildings above a tunnel is different from the case without buildings present on the ground surface during construction of shield tunnels below the ground. By considering the influence of building stiffness, previous studies have calculated the surface of building subsidence during shield construction, but it was assumed that the soil around the tunnel would shrink evenly toward the center and that the focus should be fixed and the foundation stiffness of the building was not considered. The method used in this paper modifies the forward method, by considering a uniform ground movement model for shield tunnels and the foundation stiffness and depth. The calculated values are compared to the measured values, the values of the other method and also values obtained using finite-element simulation. The effects of the equivalent elastic modulus of buildings E1, the depth of the tunnel axis from the ground h and the distance between the tunnel axis L to the settlement of foundations are also analyzed. The results show that the values obtained by the present calculation method are more similar to the measured and finite-element simulation values than the values obtained using the other method. The settlement of foundations is found to decrease with increasing E1, h and L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shipping is critical to global economy being means of transportation for 90% of world trade goods. Shipping continues to remain the most environmental friendly transportation option compared to other available means due to lowest gCO2/ton.km emissions. It can however not be overlooked that shipping is responsible for 3% of global CO2 emissions, 14-15% of global NOX emissions and 16% of global SOX emissions. International Maritime Organization (IMO) is committed to reducing shipping emissions through policy and regulatory measures. Marine Pollution (MARPOL) regulations have been increasingly demanding to tackle aggravating environmental concerns. IMO has been introducing measures for better energy-effectiveness (i.e. SEEMP) in addition to better environmental performance (i.e. EEDI). Green ship concepts require exploring and implementing technologies and practices on ships to reduce emissions and increase energy-efficiency. Ship machinery is an important area with large potential to reduce emissions and increase cost-and-energy-effectiveness. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the machinery options for green ship. The author will discuss basic concepts, principles and potential of machinery options for green ship in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on generating product using agricultural waste as well develop an alternative construction material that will lessen the social and environmental issues. It also paved the way to the recognition of using coconut shells and fiber as substitute for aggregates in developing concrete hollow blocks. This paper presents the result on the workability and compressive strength of concrete containing various percentage of coconut shell content as partial aggregate replacement. Workability test and compressive strength test were conducted in accordance to ASTM C136 and ASTM C137 respectively. Results show that replacement of appropriate coconut shell content able to produce workable concrete with satisfactory strength. Integration of coconut shell enhanced the strength of concrete making it to be the highest as compared to conventional concrete mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type-2 fuzzy set can control the uncertainty information more effectively than conventional type-1 fuzzy set because its membership function is three-dimensional. In this paper we perform the identification of disease-related genes based on DNA microarray by type-2 fuzzy set theory and established type-2 fuzzy membership function to describe the differences of the gene expression values generated form normal people's genes and patient's. We also make a comparison between our type-2 fuzzy method with the traditional fuzzy method. The results suggest the type-2 FM-d values are significantly different, which make the identifications more reasonable and convincing than the original one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study of various 6T SRAM cell layouts is presented at 32 nm, including four symmetric topologies. The comparison comprises two conventional cells, a thin cell, which is the current industry standard, and a recently proposed ultrathin cell. The evaluation is based on area efficiency, power dissipation and read/write delay, all of which are calculated with proper BSIM4 level simulations. The thin-cell appears to be the best topology in both power/delay performance and area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]