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Amid growing concerns over sustainable development, understanding how public concerns regarding governmental, legal, societal, and environmental factors interact to influence renewable energy production and carbon emissions is essential. We utilize news-based data and TVP-VAR model to explore these dynamic interlinkages. The findings show that government programs are the most influential drivers within the shock transmission network, significantly impacting renewable energy development. Social events and environmental risks influence renewable energy production and carbon emissions through government programs. We find a two-way relationship: carbon emissions drive renewable energy production, which, in turn, reduces emissions. Legal actions are primarily reactive, adapting to evolving climate concerns and carbon emission trends. Major climate events, such as the 2009 Copenhagen Conference and the 2015 Paris Agreement, reshaped the influence network. Following these events, government programs and social events became stronger drivers of renewable energy development. These insights offer practical implications for designing targeted interventions to accelerate the transition toward sustainability and effective climate action. • We use news-based data and TVP-VAR to examine dynamic links between climate concerns, renewable energy, and carbon emissions. • Government programs are the most influential drivers in the network, significantly impacting renewable energy development. • Social events and environmental risks indirectly affect renewable energy and carbon emissions via government programs. • The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement significantly reconfigured the network. • The results offer practical implications for advancing sustainability and climate action through targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do physical environment risks affect financial market systemic risk? We use remoting data to measure physical environment risks and select 26 banks across 12 EU countries. We extend the CoVaR framework with the quantile-mLSTM algorithm, obtaining time-varying CoVaRs. We then use time-varying partial derivatives to calculate the banks' tail risk spillover effects. Next, we construct a panel Quantile-on-Quantile model to explore the nonlinear relationship between physical environmental risks and the systemic risk. We show that CoVaR significantly increases during COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. However, CoVaR does not rise significantly during the Israel-Hamas conflict. Besides, our results display a nonlinear relationship between physical environmental risks and systemic risk in banks. Higher levels of physical environmental risks generally increase systemic risk in most conditions. Under normal market conditions, rather than extreme market situations, increased investor attention amplifies the marginal impact of physical environmental risks on systemic risk. Our research provides deeper insights into the interplay between environmental factors, investor attention, and financial stability, highlighting the critical role of investor sentiment in amplifying the impact of physical environmental risks on systemic risk. [Display omitted] • Use remoting science data to measure physical environmental risks. • Non-linear relationships between physical environmental risks and systemic risk. • Investor attention plays an important role. • Use mLSTM to extend CoVaR framework, obtaining time-varying spillover networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal gasification slag (CGS) is a challenging solid waste due to the presence of highly toxic heavy metals, which pose significant risks to environmental and human health. CGS cannot be freely reused or disposed of, creating considerable obstacles to solid waste resource utilization. This study presents a novel method for heavy metal removal from CGS through a separation-oxidation-acid washing (SOA) process, which effectively recycles residual carbon (RC) while minimizing the risk of heavy metal leakage. The chemical morphology, leaching patterns, and environmental risks of heavy metals in CGS following the SOA process were investigated, demonstrating effective separation and removal. The ignition loss (LOI) in CGS exceeded 45% after treatment, significantly surpassing the original value. Removal rates for Sb, Pb, and As from coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) were 88.6%, 75.88%, and 79.35%, respectively, while rates for Sb, As, and Ni from coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) were 56.65%, 63.24%, and 50.8%. The risk assessment codes (RAC) for Cu, Co, and Sb in CGFS were reduced to low-risk levels of 3.18%, 10.30%, and 25.21%, respectively, and the relative leaching ratios (RLR) for Co (0.162%), Cu (0.006%), and Ni (0.180%) in CGCS exhibited notable reductions, suggesting that the applied process significantly mitigates the environmental risk and leaching potential of these heavy metals. Overall, this study contributes to the clean production of coal gasification enterprises by offering an environmentally friendly strategy for heavy metal removal and enhancing resource utilization through RC recovery. [Display omitted] • A separation-oxidation-acid washing (SOA) process for CGS treatment was developed. • The chemical forms and environmental risks of heavy metals in CGS were roundly analyzed. • Simultaneous recovery of residual carbon and reduction of heavy metals was achieved. • Enhanced the resource value of gasification slag and enabled its reutilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH 3), as a hydrogen energy carrier, is advantageous for mitigating energy consumption and carbon emission; however, the current Haber process for NH 3 synthesis requires harsh conditions with a low conversion rate. To address these challenges, chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) has been proposed for utilizing aluminum dross (AD)-a hazardous waste containing sufficient active Al and N as a nitrogen carrier-involving carbon conversion without emissions. AD samples were employed to investigate the performance of CLAS, and the evolution of nitrogen carrier. During the NH 3 production step, the amount of reacted AlN increased with hydrolysis temperature and steam concentration, with the highest NH 3 yield reaching 2.32 × 10−3 mol/g at 700 °C, achieving the highest NH 3 production rate. The efficiency was comparable to commercial AlN, with a yield 10% higher. The by-product H 2 was attributed to NH 3 decomposition and lattice N transformation at high temperatures, which significantly reduced NH 3 yield. The contents of heavy metals, Cl−, and F− all decreased after NH 3 production, indicating a reduction in environmental risk. Sorting small particles (0.075–0.15 mm) from SA increased NH₃ yield by 2.45 times compared to raw materials and 3.95 times compared to coarse materials (0.355–0.5 mm). Furthermore, OH− and Al-O-N were detected, describing the NH 3 production process of AD, with the hydrolysis products tending to nucleate and grow around the parent crystal particles before elongating. Moreover, the NH 3 yield of regenerated nitrogen carrier decreased to 10% when the hydrolyzed AD was nitridated at 1600 °C, but increased by 2.4 times when using Na-modified AD for the second hydrolysis and reducing the nitridation temperature to 1400 °C. Na-modified AD exhibited good cyclic stability in short-term operation. This work provides a novel approach to waste-to-energy/chemical by utilizing AD while simultaneously reducing the cost of NH₃ production through the CLAS process. [Display omitted] • The feasibility of AD as nitrogen carrier in NH 3 synthesis via CL is firstly studied. • The performance of NH 3 production for AD rivals that of commercial AlN. • The intermediate and crystal evolution of AD during hydrolysis process are evaluated. • NH 3 yield is affected by particle size through N content and elemental distribution. • The nitriding regeneration is effectively enhanced by Na-modified AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary era, the widespread practice of open dumping persists as a major method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal, contributing significantly to global environmental degradation and posing severe health risks. Deficient waste management systems result in over 90% of waste being openly discarded or burned at numerous unregulated dumpsites, particularly in developing nations like India. This research focuses on the active waste dumping site, Bhandewadi Dumpsite in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, aiming to assess soil and groundwater contamination caused by the release of toxic elements into the surrounding region. Various parameters, such as the index of geoaccumulation, contamination factor, potential ecological risk, heavy metal pollution index, and water metal index were employed to evaluate the impact of the dumpsite. Results indicated heavy contamination in soil and groundwater samples, particularly from Bidgoan Road and Pardi, with elevated levels of metals, such as Cr, Ni, and Pb within 2 km radius of Bhandewadi dumpsite, Nagpur (India). The principal component analysis confirmed these locations as highly polluted, emphasizing the influence of leachate migration from the uncontrolled dumpsite. The findings underscore the urgent need to improve waste management strategies at municipal landfills and highlight the importance of policy measures to control environmental pollution and the introduction of scientific methods to curb the migration of metals into the environment. [Display omitted] • Determined the pollution due to open dumpsite by radial analysis. • Soil and water contamination due to landfills was studied. • PCA used to predict the impact of dumpsite on the surrounding environment. • Sanitary landfills have to be adopted in replacement of open-site dumpsites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial regulators and investors are increasingly concerned about the effects of climate change on investments and seek to capture the climate-related and environmental risks of investments. Whilst energy companies have attracted most of the attention due to the contribution of the Energy sector to environmental degradation, climate-related and environmental risks actually affect companies in every sector. In this paper, we propose novel measures termed as climate Value-at-Risk (VaR) and climate Expected Shortfall (ES) that capture the risk attributed to transition risk factors proxied by environmental scores. We compare the average ratio of climate VaR and ES to total risk in various equity sectors, which enables us to identify the sectors in which climate and environmental risk factors contribute most to the total risk. Our analysis considers different risk measurements and various significance levels. Our findings show heterogeneity in sensitivity to climate and environmental risk factors in various sectors. The Health Care sector is the least cost-effective in reducing climate-related and environmental risks, and the Energy sector benefits most from improving the firms' environmental scores. • We propose measures termed as climate Value-at-Risk and climate Expected Shortfall. • These measures capture the risk attributed to environmental transition risk factors. • We find heterogeneity in sensitivity of those measures in various sectors. • The Health Care sector is the least cost-effective in reducing climate induced risks. • The Energy sector benefits most from improving the firms' environmental scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of microplastics (MP) in the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) offers globally relevant insights into the pressing issue of marine plastic pollution. Quantification results (mean concentration of 0.13 particles m−3 and range of 0.02–0.71 particles m−3) from the various sectors suggest that terrestrial activities are an important source of MP. By quantifying MP concentrations, identifying predominant polymers, and employing hydrodynamic and particle tracking models, the study provides model simulations that aid in tracking the fate and distribution of MP in coastal environments. Various indices developed in the study suggest significant land-based activity (LBA), low microplastic pollution impact (MPI), and waste management demand (WMD) at medium levels, wherein these indices are replicable and can be applied globally. The development of an Environmental Decision Support System (EDSS) by combining the above indices demonstrates the practical utility of our research in guiding policymakers. This tool can be adapted by governments and organisations worldwide to implement integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), emphasising key strategies like plastic source reduction, regulatory enforcement, and waste management. This study aligns with international goals, including the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 14) addressing plastic pollution from both land-based and marine sources. EDSS identifies regions of high-priority areas for intervention, showcasing that regional data can be scaled up to address global challenges. This research presents a blueprint for managing marine plastic pollution on a global scale, emphasising the importance of integrating scientific findings with innovative policy tools. It underscores the need for a coordinated, region-specific, and globally replicable approach to protect marine ecosystems and ensure sustainable coastal management practices. [Display omitted] • Microplastic (MP) pollution in the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) was examined. • Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) is still in a low-risk state of MP pollution. • Clear correlation between the number of MP and land-based activity. • Decision support system was developed for MP management. • Study offers scientific support for global efforts on MP reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing industrial waste salt plays a vital role in environmental protection and resource utilization, with a focus on effective removal of organic pollutants and comprehensive life cycle assessment. This study focuses on waste salt produced by the pharmaceutical, pesticide, fluorochemical, and dyeing industries, assessing the efficiency of pyrolysis and solvent elution techniques in removing organic pollutants. Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to assess the environmental impacts associated with the two technologies. The findings reveal that pyrolysis significantly enhances the removal of organic pollutants, offering an average improvement of 19.37% over the solvent elution method. This improvement is particularly notable in the treatment of waste salt from agricultural and textile industries, where removal rates exceed 90%. Moreover, ammonium-based waste salts produced by the dyeing industry, due to their lower thermal stability and reduced pyrolysis yield, are more suitable for solvent elution. The LCA indicates that pyrolysis results in less overall environmental risk compared to the solvent elution process. In terms of carbon emission potential, pyrolysis technology emits less carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 eq.), with a total of 1144 kg CO 2 eq. emitted when processing one ton of waste salt. The environmental impact of pyrolysis is primarily attributed to the energy consumption during the pyrolysis and evaporation stages. In contrast, the environmental impacts of solvent elution are mainly related to the use of toxic eluents and the high energy consumption of the subsequent distillation to recover the solvent. [Display omitted] • Pyrolysis removes organics from waste salt more effectively. • Solvent elution is optimal for thermolabile waste salts. • Pyrolysis consumes less energy and emits less carbon than solvent elution. • LCA reveals slightly higher environmental impact for solvent elution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial odor-derived environmental complaints pose an emerging and far-reaching challenge in cities worldwide with intensive industries. Developing effective odor complaint management strategies is essential for mitigating the public impact of industrial odors. Based on a typical case of persistent tire manufacturing odors affecting local communities, we proposed an environmental complaint risks (ECR) prediction model using machine-learning (ML) approaches, which combined complaints with temporal-resolution manufacturing-meteorology-environment data. Through intensive match-making between ML algorithms and multi-source parameters, Random Forest models can achieve a reliable ECR-prediction model performance with an average ROC-AUC of 0.79 at a monthly timescale, indicating the effectiveness of ML-based ECR prediction models. The interpretable ML model quantitively depicted the underlying mechanisms of ECR prediction, driven by process emission behaviors, local wind direction, and historical high-risk period. Furthermore, to mitigate predictable ECR within a future period, we designed a model framework that integrated ECR prediction models with an adaptive optimization genetic algorithm. This enabled the proactive management by precisely and dynamically allocating limited resources of emission regulatory to high-ECR periods in advance. The strategy was proven effective, achieving a significant 24.7% average reduction in the overall ECR forecast during a period with intensive complaints. Overall, this study proposed a data-driven model framework that efficiently helps the multi-stakeholders shift from passive response to proactive ECR management, thereby enhancing the environmental and social sustainability. [Display omitted] • Industrial odor-derived environmental complaints could be predicted by data-driven approaches. • The intricate features of environmental complaints' occurrence were revealed by interpretable machine learning. • The environmental complaint risks could be mitigated in advance combining with adaptive optimization algorithms. • A model framework for proactive environmental complaint risk management was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as emerging pollutants was largely produced and stable in nature environment. Its fate and effect to the wasted sludge digestion process and corresponding microbial mechanism was rarely reported. This study investigated the different dose of PFOA to the wasted sludge digestion process, where the methane yield and microbial mechanism was illustrated. The PFOA added before digestion were 0–10000 μg/L, no significant variation in daily and accumulated methane production between each group. The 9th day methane yield was significantly higher than other days (p < 0.05). The soluble protein was significantly decreased after 76 days digestion (p < 0.001). The total PFOA in sludge (R2 = 0.8817) and liquid (R2 = 0.9083) phase after digestion was exponentially correlated with PFOA dosed. The PFOA in liquid phase was occupied 54.10 ± 18.38% of the total PFOA in all reactors. The dewatering rate was keep decreasing with the increase of PFOA added (R2 = 0.7748, p < 0.001). The mcrA abundance was significantly correlated with the pH value and organic matter concentration in the reactors. Chloroflexi was the predominant phyla, Aminicenantales , Bellilinea and Candidatus_Cloacimonas were predominant genera in all reactors. Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum and Methanolinea were predominant archaea in all reactors. The function prediction by FAPROTAX and Tax4fun implied that various PFOA dosage resulted in significant function variation. The fermentation and anaerobic chemoheterotrophy function were improved with the PFOA dose. Co-occurrence network implied the potent cooperation among the organic matter degradation and methanogenic microbe in the digestion system. PFOA has little impact to the methane generation while affect the microbe function significantly, its remaining in the digested sludge should be concerned to reduce its potential environmental risks. • The methane production has a highest value on the 9th day digestion. • There were no significant variations in methane production with PFOA up to 10 mg/L. • The sludge dewatering rate was keep decreasing with the increase of PFOA dose. • The mcrA abundance was significantly correlated with pH value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) is commonly constrained by limited substrate availability, particularly for WAS with low organic content. Combining the hydrocyclone (HC) selection with alkali-thermal (AT) pretreatment is a promising solution to address this limitation. The results indicated that HC selection modified the sludge properties by enhancing the ratio of mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)/mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) by 19.0% and decreasing the mean particle size by 17.4%, which were beneficial for the subsequent anaerobic fermentation process. Under the optimal HC + AT condition, the peak value of SCFAs production reached 4951.9 mg COD/L, representing a 23.2% increase compared to the raw sludge with only AT pretreatment. Mechanism investigations revealed such enhancement beyond mechanical separation. It involved an increase in bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) through HC selection and the disruption of sludge spatial structure by AT pretreatment. Consequently, this combination pretreatment accelerated the transfer of particulate organics (i.e., bound EPS and intracellular components) to the supernatant, thus increasing the accessibility of WAS substrate to hydrolytic and acidifying bacteria. Furthermore, the microbial structure was altered with the enrichment of key functional microorganisms, probably due to the facilitation of substrate biotransformation and product output. Meanwhile, the activity of hydrolases and SCFAs-forming enzymes increased, while that of methanogenic enzymes decreased. Overall, this strategy successfully enhanced SCFAs production from WAS while reducing the environmental risks of WAS disposal. [Display omitted] • Hydrocyclone can select the sludge with higher organics and smaller particle size. • The effect of HC with AT pretreatment on anaerobic WAS fermentation was evaluated. • The maximum accumulation of SCFAs reached 4951.9 mg COD/L on day 4. • Organics in WAS and biodegradability of released organics were promoted. • Microbial community ameliorated under optimal HC with AT pretreatment condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using two measures of firm carbon-risk exposure to capture convergent materiality, we examine whether the syndicated loan market considers borrowers' carbon-risk exposure in loan pricing. We find that carbon intensity does not constitute material information for banks, whereas environmental scores have a statistically significant but incidental economic effect on loan spreads. We also find inconclusive evidence that the market differentiates between firms in high and low environmentally sensitive industries. Finally, we show that green banks charge higher loan spreads to more environmentally responsible firms. Overall, we provide strong evidence that environmental scores matter in loan pricing decisions. • Firm carbon intensity is not considered material information for loans. • Environmental scores are material with incidental economic effects on loan spreads. • Loan spreads do not differentiate between high and low environmentally sensitive industries. • Firms with heightened environmental performance are charged higher loan spreads when borrowing from green banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil reconstruction is a critical step in the restoration of environments affected by mining activities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the significant role that microbial processes play in expediting soil structure formation, particularly within the context of mining environment restoration. Coal gangue and flotation tailings, despite their low carbon content and large production volumes, present potential substrates for soil reclamation. These coal-based solid waste materials can be utilized as substrates to produce high-quality soil and serve as an essential carbon source to enhance poor soil conditions. However, extracting active organic carbon components from coal-based solid waste presents a significant challenge due to its complex mineral composition. This article offers a thorough review of the soilization process of coal-based solid waste under the influence of microorganisms. It begins by briefly introducing the primary role of in situ microbial remediation technology in the soilization process. It then elaborates on various improvements to soil structure under the influence of microorganisms, including the enhancement of soil aggregate structure and soil nutrients. The article concludes with future recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of soil reconstruction and restoration, reducing environmental risks, and promoting its application in complex environments. This will provide both theoretical and practical support for more effective environmental restoration strategies. [Display omitted] • Microbial treatment is a promising soil remediation technology for mining areas. • Coal-based solid wastes can serve as potential substrates for soil remediation. • In situ microbial remediation can actively improve soil structure and nutrients. • Microorganism selection and nutrient regulation are crucial for remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a pressing concern in global freshwater ecosystems because rivers serve as essential channels for the transport of terrestrial debris to the ocean. The current researches mostly focus on the large catchments, but the impact on the small catchments remains underexplored. In this study, we employed Strahler's stream order classification to delineate the catchment structure of the Beijiang River in South China. The distribution pattern of MP contamination and the factors influencing the distribution pattern, were assessed across the streams at different orders. We found that the Beijiang River was moderately polluted compare to other rivers in China, with an average MP abundance of 2.15 ± 1.65 items/L. MP abundance ranged from 3.17 to 1.45 items/L in the streams at different orders, and significantly decreased with increasing stream order (R2 = 0.93). This highlights the key role of small rivers as the channels for the transport of MPs from watersheds to main streams. The high abundance of PP and PE fibers, the high correlation between the stream order and the resin proportion (R2 = 0.89), and the significant correlation between MP abundance and proximity to urban centers (P = 0.02), indicated that MP pollution across the streams at different orders was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic activities, rather than natural environmental factors. By integrating MP data with hydrographic information, the annual MP loads for the streams at Orders 1 to Order 5 were estimated to be 4.63, 39.38, 204.63, 503.06, and 1137.88 tons/yr, respectively. Additionally, an ecological risk assessment indicates that MP pollution led to a low risk in the Beijiang River. Our findings deepen the understanding of MP pollution within freshwater river networks, and emphasize the crucial role of tributary systems in transporting MPs to main river channels. [Display omitted] • The abundance of MPs significantly decreased with increasing stream orders. • Increased river runoff greatly raised annual MP load in higher-order streams. • Higher-order streams may pose greater ecological and environmental risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis stands out as an effective method for the disposal of phytoremediation residues in abandoned mines, yielding a valuable by-product, biochar. However, the environmental application of biochar derived from such residues is limited by the potential environmental risks of heavy metals. Herein, Miscanthus sp. residues from abandoned mines were pyrolyzed into biochars at varied pyrolysis temperatures (300–700 °C) to facilitate the safe reuse of phytoremediation residues. The results showed that pyrolysis significantly stabilizes heavy metals in biomass, with Cd exhibiting the most notable stabilization effect. Acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cd decreased significantly from 69.91 % to 2.52 %, and oxidizable and residue fractions increased approximately 3.24 times at 700 °C. The environmental risk assessment indicated that biochar pyrolyzed over 500 °C pose lower environmental risk (RI < 30), making them optimal for the safe utilization of phytoremediation residues. Additionally, adsorption experiments suggested that biochars prepared at higher temperature (500–700 °C) exhibit superior adsorption capacity, attributed to alkalinity and precipitation effect. This study highlights that biochars produced by pyrolyzing Miscanthus sp. from abandoned mines above 500 °C hold promise for environmental remediation, offering novel insight into the reutilization of metal-rich biomass. [Display omitted] • Heavy metals in Miscanthus sp. obtained from abandoned mines could be stabilized after pyrolysis. • The environment risk of heavy metals in biochars generated above 500 °C were low. • Higher pyrolysis temperature could achieve better Cd2+ adsorption capacity of biochars. • 500–700 °C were suitable for the safe reutilization of phytoremediation residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological risk management has emerged as a critical research and policy development area in energy and environmental economics. Sustained ecology is crucial for the standard of living and food security. As the adverse impacts of environmental degradation and climate change become increasingly apparent it is imperative to understand ecological risk and its interconnectedness with environmental pressure, clean energy, economic activity, globalization, and green technology. Ecological risk is assessed using the environmental performance index which is a holistic indicator of climate change, environmental pressures and human actions in which most of these indicators have spatial effects. This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between identified anthropogenic critical factors and their role in effectively managing ecological risk globally. This study has developed the second-generation dynamic panel quantile regression considering spatial effects of economic activities on ecology across borders of 55 countries between 1995 and 2022. This innovative hybrid estimation scheme that integrated theoretical and econometric aspects makes the model robust to major regression issues. Several implications ranked in decreasing order of its effectiveness are reducing environmental pressure, expediting energy transition, and embracing economic integration while there is a need to work on rejuvenating green technology and green growth. [Display omitted] • Sustained ecology is crucial for economic growth and food security. • The ecological risk is assessed using the Environmental Performance Index. • Novel 2nd Generation Dynamic Quantile Regression is used for robust analysis. • Multifaceted anthropogenic factors and ecological risk relationship is explored. • Study iterated the need for renewable energy and green technology to reduce risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of geopolitical risk on firm-level environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Using a news-based indicator of geopolitical risk across 41 countries and a comprehensive dataset spanning from 2002 to 2021 with 65,354 firm-year observations, we uncover that geopolitical risk is negatively associated with ESG performance. Our findings remain robust even when considering alternative measures of geopolitical risk, ESG components, and sub-samples. Moreover, we address potential endogeneity concerns through two-stage least squares, propensity score matching and entropy balancing approaches. Interestingly, we find that the effect of geopolitical risk is positive for countries with lower geopolitical risk and high peace, indicating that relatively stable environments can incentivize firms to enhance their sustainability practices. We also examine the potential channel effects of cash holding, corporate investment, and cost of capital, and found significant effects. Overall, this paper underscores the significance of geopolitical risk as a macro-level shock that significantly influences ESG performance. • Examined the impact of geopolitical risk on firm ESG performance. • Baseline result uncovers a negative association of GPR with firm ESG. • Mitigated endogeneity using 2SLS, PSM, and EB approaches and obtained robust findings. • We find the impact of geopolitical risk is positive for countries with lower geopolitical risk and high peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing concern over Cd contamination of agricultural soils in China, reducing the availability of the toxic metal has become an important remedial strategy. However, the lack of a unified evaluation framework complicates the assessment of remediation efficiency of different practices. Here, we evaluated the general extraction method (GEM) of available Cd in nine typical soil types by comparing extraction agents, including CaCl 2 , EDTA, Mehlich-Ⅲ, HCl and DTPA. The safe grain concentration of different agricultural products from National Food Safety Standards Limits of Contaminants in Food (GB 2762-2022) was then applied to understand soil limited available Cd concentration based on dose-response curves. We also derived environmental risk threshold (HC 5) values for Cd remediation in agricultural soils by constructing species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves. The results showed that Mehlich-Ⅲ best predicted Cd accumulation in crops (with 76.5% of explanation of grain Cd) and was selected as the GEM of soil available Cd for subsequent analyses. The regression coefficient (R2) of dose-response curves fitting between Cd absorption in crop tissues and soil available Cd extracted by GEM based on 30 different crop species varied from 51.0% to 79.5%, and the derived limit concentration of soil available Cd based on standard GB 2762-2022 was 0.18–0.76 mg‧kg−1. An HC 5 of 0.19 mg‧kg−1 was then calculated, meaning that a concentration of available Cd in agricultural soil below 0.19 mg‧kg−1 ensures that 95% of agricultural products meet the quality and safety requirements of standard GB 2762-2022. The prediction model was well verified in the field test, indicating that can correctly estimate the soil available Cd based on the content of Cd in plant. This study provides a robust scientific framework for deriving the risk threshold for Cd remediation in agricultural soils and could be quite useful for establishing soil remediation standards. [Display omitted] • A scientific frame for deriving Cd remediation threshold in farmland soils was proposed. • Mehlich-Ⅲ can best predict Cd accumulation in crop grains based on soil available Cd (with 76.5% of explanation). • The soil available Cd limits varied from 0.18 to 0.76 mg‧kg−1 was derived based on standard GB 2762. • The deduced HC 5 for Cd remediation in farmland soils was 0.19 mg‧kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of China's efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable development, the solid waste treatment industry's environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) performance is receiving significant attention. To comprehensively assess the ESG performance of the solid waste treatment industry and identify company types, this study constructs a targeted ESG evaluation index system based on existing literature, SASB industry standards, and company reports and utilizes a random forest approach combined with K-means clustering to determine indicator weights. Based on this index system, the paper evaluates the ESG performance of 71 solid waste disposal companies (SWDCs) from 2013 to 2021 and identifies their ESG types from static and dynamic perspectives. In the static view, company types are determined based on annual ESG performance, while the dynamic view considers time-series changes to observe the evolution of company ESG types. The results show that the overall ESG performance of SWDCs falls within the 2-8-point range, indicating a noticeable high-low imbalance. Key initiatives to improve ESG performance in this industry include enhancing waste management measures, developing emergency plans, and reinforcing ESG disclosure. From a static perspective, this paper can identify companies into three categories: delayed development, single-wheel-driven, and coordinated development. Finally, from a dynamic perspective considering the time factor, companies are further subdivided into five types: continual leading, growth catch-up, slow progress, fluctuating change, and retrogressive inertia. This study not only provides targeted recommendations for different types of ESG companies but also helps various sectors of society better understand the ESG conditions of this high environmental risk industry, thereby enhancing the regulation and support for its sustainable development. [Display omitted] • ESG evaluation index system for solid waste disposal companies is proposed. • A random forest method based on k-means clustering is used to construct the index. • Comparing E, S, and G scores with industry averages to identify static ESG types. • Analyzing trends in annual static ESG types to identify dynamic ESG types. • Identify companies as three static ESG types and five dynamic ESG types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose-based adsorbents have been extensively developed in heavy metal capture and wastewater treatment. However, most of the reported powder adsorbents suffer from the difficulties in recycling due to their small sizes and limitations in detecting the targets for the lack of sensitive sensor moieties in the structure. Accordingly, carbon dots (CDs) were proposed to be encapsulated in cellulosic hydrogel beads to realize the simultaneous detection and adsorption of Hg (II) in water due to their excellent fluorescence sensing performance. Besides, the molding of cellulose was beneficial to its recycling and further reduced the potential environmental risk generated by secondary pollution caused by adsorbent decomposition. In addition, the detection limit of the hydrogel beads towards Hg (II) reached as low as 8.8 × 10−8 M, which was below the mercury effluent standard declared by WHO, exhibiting excellent practicability in Hg (II) detection and water treatment. The maximum adsorption capacity of CB-50 % for Hg (II) was 290.70 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorbent materials also had preeminent stability that the hydrogel beads could maintain sensitive and selective sensing performance towards Hg (II) after 2 months of storage. Additionally, only 3.3% of the CDs leaked out after 2 weeks of immersion in water, ensuring the accuracy of Hg (II) evaluation. Notably, the adsorbent retained over 80% of its original adsorption capacity after five consecutive regeneration cycles, underscoring its robustness and potential for sustainable environmental applications. • The molding of cellulosic hydrogel beads reduces the difficulty of recycling. • The hydrogels exhibit sensitive and selective fluorescence response towards mercury. • The hydrogels have excellent stability for long time storage and immersion in water. • The LOD of CB-50% for Hg (II) is 8.8 × 10−8 M which is below WHO's effluent criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst mounting environmental threats and exacerbated global risks from climate change, the urgency for sustainable behaviors has never been more critical, demanding concerted efforts to cultivate individual actions for environmental conservation. Ant Forest technology, a groundbreaking innovation for sustainable lifestyles, stands at the forefront of this battle, harnessing technological advancements to drive positive environmental impact and must be championed. This research investigates the dynamics of environmental conservation behaviors facilitated by Ant Forest Technology. Employing a theoretical framework integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the study explores the impact of autonomous and controlled motivation on attitudes, intentions, and conservation behaviors. Furthermore, the research assesses the influence of knowledge disseminated through Ant Forest Technology on users' intentions and behavior toward conservation behaviors. The study utilized the partial least square structural equation modeling in its analysis. Findings reveal that both motivational factors and knowledge significantly shape users' engagement in conservation behaviors activities through perceived ease of use and usefulness. These insights contribute to the development of effective policies and interventions aimed at harnessing Ant Forest Technology as a powerful tool for fostering widespread environmental conservation behaviors. • Sustainable behaviors are assessed using Ant Forest users. • TAM and SDT theories are partnered to explain sustainable behaviors. • Motivation is a great influencer of sustainable behaviors. • Knowledge from Ant Forest impacts sustainable behaviors. • Positive intentions lead to positive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability. [Display omitted] • The interrelated dynamics between geopolitical risks, ESG companies and green markets are investigated in this study. • Elevated geopolitical risks negatively impact non-ESG companies, while ESG-committed counterparts exhibit resilience. • ESG practices diminish severity of geopolitical impact on green markets, shaping sustainable investments. • Study offers key policy insights for navigating geopolitical risks and enhancing environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing volume of plastic waste resulting from human activities is suffocating our planet. To combat this escalating issue, this study delves into the formation of plastic reduction behavior among Swiss citizens using an extended theory of planned behavior model. Through an online survey, the study obtained 149 valid responses, which were analyzed using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. The results indicate a significant and strong relationship between plastic risk perception and attitudes towards plastic reduction and environmental protection. Notably, the cognitive dimension (β = 0.802, p = 0.000) of plastic risk perception exhibits a tighter and stronger association with attitude compared to the emotional dimension (β = 0.406, p = 0.000). Among the three variables in the theory of planned behavior model, perceived behavioral control (β = 0.384, p = 0.000) emerges as the strongest determinant of behavioral willingness for plastic reduction. It is followed by attitude (β = 0.214, p = 0.030). However, no significant relationship is observed between subjective norm and behavioral willingness for plastic reduction (β = 0.07, p = 0.292). Finally, attitude fully mediates the relationship between plastic risk perception and behavioral willingness for plastic reduction. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. • Plastic reduction behavior of Swiss citizens is analyzed in this study. • Plastic risk perception is related to pro-environmental attitudes. • Risk perception's cognitive dimension affects attitude more than the emotional one. • Perceived behavioral control relates most to behavioral willingness. • Subjective norm is not related to plastic reduction willingness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-basin water transfer projects are a common method used to balance water resources and meet regional demand, particularly in the drinking water supply sector. The potential failure risk associated with inter-basin water transfer projects was examined using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA) methodologies in this study. Additionally, the conversion of Fault Tree models into Bayesian Network (BN) and Fuzzy Bayesian Network (FBN) models was explored. Ten basic events were identified as factors that could affect the success of inter-basin water transfer plans, including socio-political, environmental, water resource, economic, and technical criteria. Fault Tree and Fuzzy Fault Tree models were utilized to conduct a risk analysis, which was then converted into crisp and fuzzy FTA-BN through an integrated approach. This approach was applied to evaluate inter-basin water transfer scenarios from the Great Karun basin to the Central Iran Plateau. The superior scenario among eight water transfer scenarios was found to be water transfer from the Behesht-Abad Basin to Isfahan province and from the Khersan Basin to Kerman and Yazd provinces, with a failure risk of 0.649 and 0.601 respectively, based on the crisp and fuzzy integrated models. Basic events were ranked based on their contribution to the occurrence of the top event using two FIM and BI indices in the Fault Tree model and two indices of MI and SI in the Bayesian Network. Furthermore, after considering the correlation between basic events and risk factors, the risk obtained by crisp and fuzzy integrated models was found to increase to 0.811 and 0.789 respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that an integrated approach can assist decision-makers and stakeholders in evaluating inter-basin water transfer projects. • A risk-based approach was created to assess inter-basin water transfer plans. • To create a comprehensive model, Fault Tree Analysis and Bayesian Network models were combined. • The evaluation considered socio-political, environmental, economic, and technical risks using crips and fuzzy sets. • The best scenario for water transfer with the least amount of risk was identified in the Iranian Central Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary times, geopolitical risk, and natural resources prices are susceptible due to the Russian-Ukraine conflict. In the meantime, emerging economies are struggling to explore the factors that could reduce ecological challenges and enhance environmental management. This research aims to analyze several economic, environmental, political, and institutional variables to ascertain their influence on greenhouse gas emissions in China. Covering the latest period from 1990 to 2022, various time series tests, including normality, stationarity, and cointegration tests. The results confirm that the variables studied have a stable pattern over time and are connected in the long run. The non-normal distribution of variables leads to opt novel moment quantile regression, where the results are tested for robustness via parametric approaches. The empirical results asserted that economic growth, natural resource prices, and trade significantly enhance ecological challenges (emissions). However, globalization, geopolitical risk, and institutional quality significantly reduce such environmental challenges. The results are robust, and both unidirectional and bidirectional causal associations confirm the importance of these variables in environmental management. Based on the results, this study recommends engagement in environmentally-friendly trading, investment in clean and green energy, and strengthening institutional quality for the region's environmental recovery. • Investigates the factors affecting greenhouse gas in China during 1990-2022. • Economic growth, natural resource prices, and trade improve pollution emissions. • Geopolitical risk and institutional quality improve environmental quality. • Globalization exhibits a negative influence on greenhouse gas emissions. • Renewable electricity output has no significant role in reducing emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to improve the uncertainty in spatial data of risk assessment through a Fuzzy inference system (FIS) as a way to conduct an environmental risk map of air pollution in Taiwan. In modeling, the feature inputs of FIS included the geographic coordinates and time, while the outputs are the pollutant concentrations. The outputs are supplements to the concentration contour on the map in comparison with Kriging interpolation. In our model, the FIS was designed using the official open data of air pollutants, including Pb and PM 2.5 that were collected from the monitoring stations in mid-southern Taiwan. The model involved data filtration and imputation in the preliminary scheme to extract the historical data for analysis. We used the data of Pb (2001–2013) and PM 2.5 (2006–2013) for the training process, and then used the data from 2014 to 2015 for validation. Our model was able to compute the smaller errors of inferred and measured values of Pb and PM 2.5 than the conventional method. The approach was applied to deduce the exposure of PM 2.5 distributed over the Taiwan Island in accordance with the governmental open data of seventy-three stations during 2006–2016 in order to produce our risk map. The designed model upon Fuzzy inference accesses potential risks of spatiotemporal exposures in the unmeasured locations with feasibility and adaptability for environmental management. • The study of environmental management needs reliable data of pollutant exposure location for risk assessment. • An inference model based on Fuzzy theory exports the risk map through GIS. • Spatiotemporal open data of PM 2.5 and Pb in mid-southern Taiwan are used for the modeling process. • The approach expands to infer the risk map of PM 2.5 on the main island of Taiwan for further application. • The model can quickly scan pollutant measurement to assess environmental exposure for possible risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban adaptation to climate change is likely to emerge from the responses of residents, authorities, and infrastructure providers to the impact of flooding, water scarcity, and other climate-related hazards. These responses are, in part, modulated by political relationships under cultural norms that dominate the institutional and collective decisions of public and private actors. The legacy of these decisions, which are often associated with investment in hard and soft infrastructure, has lasting consequences that influence current and future vulnerabilities. Making those decisions visible, and tractable is, therefore, an urgent research and political challenge in vulnerability assessments. In this work, we present a modeling framework to explore scenarios of institutional decision-making and socio-political processes and the resultant effects on spatial patterns of vulnerability. The approach entails using multi-criteria decision analysis, agent-based models, and geographic information simulation. The approach allows for the exploration of uncertainties, spatial patterns, thresholds, and the sensitivities of vulnerability outcomes to different policy scenarios. Here, we present the operationalization of the framework through an intentionally simplified model example of the governance of water in Mexico City. We discuss results from this example as part of a larger effort to empirically implement the framework to explore sociohydrological risk patterns and trade-offs of vulnerability in real urban landscapes. • Urban politics is rarely considered in vulnerability analyses. • We present an approach to integrate socio-politics into environmental risk modeling. • A stylized example demonstrates the influence of socio-political forces on vulnerability. • Trade-offs, sensitivities, and spatial patterns outcomes from political forces are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar application has multiple benefits for soil fertility improvement and climate change mitigation. Biochar can act as a source of nutrients and sequester carbon (C) in the soil. The nutrient release capacity of biochar once applied to the soil varies with the composition of the biochar, which is a function of the feedstock type and pyrolysis condition used for biochar production. Biochar has a crucial influence on soil C mineralization, including its positive or negative priming of microorganisms involved in soil C cycling. However, in various cases, biochar application to the soil may cause negative effects in the soil and the wider environment. For instance, biochar may suppress soil nutrient availability and crop productivity due to the reduction in plant nutrient uptake or reduction in soil C mineralization. Biochar application may also negatively affect environmental quality and human health because of harmful compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DF). In this review, we discuss the linkage between biochar composition and function, evaluate the role biochar plays in soil fertility improvement and C sequestration, and discuss regulations and concerns regarding biochar's negative environmental impact. We also summarize advancements in biochar production technologies and discuss future challenges and priorities in biochar research. • Nutrient contents in biochar highly dependent on the feedstock type. • Pyrolysis temperature alters the proportion of aromatic and aliphatic C fractions. • Chemical and physical properties of biochar affect the nutrient release from biochar. • Application of unsuitable biochar can negatively affect environmental quality and human health. • Biochar can be a potential source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A multi-agent modeling method is applied here to model the coupled environmental impact and management response scenarios in relation to the impact of multiple wastewater discharges at river basin scale. Based on the Netlogo modeling platform, the cumulative impact of water pollution, which was represented here by COD values, is esteemed using Huaihe River Basin (China) as a case study. As a novel factor, different management responses to the adverse effects of cumulative pollution level increases along the river are also considered in the simulation processes. Based on 45 alternative scenarios, the model displayed its ability to represent the coupled dynamics along time between pollution propagation and management actions (described according to their occurrence, responsiveness and characteristics). Besides the most trivial results, which demonstrate the efficacy of the model in representing the simulated reality, an interesting result is that, the management responses to pollution propagation are more effective when the river basin authorities do not take any coercive policies. This might depend on the fact that excessive restraints have a dependence on their underlying mechanism, thus limiting a spontaneous reaction to pollution episodes. It is important, however, to stress the role of ecological education, in parallel to management, to limit the necessity of top-down approaches in the river system management measures. Highlights • Multi-agent model is applied to test coupled environmental impact and management responses. • Effects of different management responses to cumulative pollution along a river are tested. • Management responses are more effective when coercive policies are avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plenty of heavy metals (HMs) that are adsorbed on clay minerals (such as kaolinite), in addition to low molecular-weight organic acids (such as oxalic acid (OA)) with high activities, are widespread in the natural environment. In the present study, the effects of OA on the environmental behaviors of Pb2+/Cd2+ adsorbed by kaolinite have been investigated. The effectiveness and mechanisms of calcium silicate (CS) and magnesium silicate (MS) in reducing the environmental risks of the HMs have also been studied. The results showed that the releases of Pb2+/Cd2+ increased with an increasing concentration of OA. When different dosages of CS/MS were added to the aging system, a redistribution of HMs took place and the free form of Pb2+/Cd2+ decreased to very low levels. Also, the unextractable Pb2+/Cd2+ increased to high levels. Furthermore, a series of characterizations showed that the released HMs were re-captured by the CS/MS. In addition, the CS immobilized the OA in the solution during the aging process, which also facilitated an immobilization of the carbon element in the environment. In general, the present study has contributed to a further understanding of the transport behaviors of the HMs in natural environments, and of the interactions between CS (or MS), the environmental media, and the heavy metal contaminants. In addition, this study has also provided an eco-friendly strategy for an effective remediation of heavy metal pollution. [Display omitted] • Oxalic acid promoted the release of heavy metals fixed by kaolinite. • The silicate materials can effectively inhibit the migration of heavy metals. • The silicate materials can obviously change the form distribution of heavy metals. • The release of all metal cations and Si element during the aging process was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effluents of wastewater treatment plants can abundantly spread endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. To improve water quality monitoring, the use of effect-based tools that measure estrogenic activity has been suggested, however their results could be influenced by different factors. This study compared the estrogenic activity of wastewater samples extracted with two stationary phases and tested with two in vitro effect-based assays to investigate whether and how stationary phases and assays could influence biomonitoring data. During four seasonal periods, the effluents of six WWTPs located in northern Italy were sampled. After the extraction using two different stationary phases (HLB, C18), the samples (n = 72) were tested using two effect-based assays: a gene reporter luciferase assay on mammalian cells (MELN) and yeast estrogen screen assay (YES). The results showed that estrogenic activity of HLB extracts was significantly different from the activity of C18 extracts, suggesting that extraction phase can influence biomonitoring data. Moreover, the estrogenic activity was overall higher using gene reporter MELN assay than using YES assay, suggesting that, due to difference in cell membrane permeability and metabolic activation, the applied cell model can affect the biomonitoring results. Finally, from the comparison between the activity of the final effluent and the environmentally safe estrogenic levels in surface waters, MELN data suggested that the activity of this effluent may pose an environmental risk, while YES data showed that it should not be considered a threat to the receiving surface waters. This study pointed out that a standardized approach is needed to assess the estrogenic activity of waters; it reported important data to select the most suitable stationary phase for samples extraction (samples extracted with C18 sorbent showed higher estradiol equivalent concentration values) and the most appropriate bioassay (gene reporter luciferase MELN assay was more sensitive than YES assay) to assess the environmental risk, thus protecting human health. [Display omitted] • Mammalian cell-based assays more responsive than yeast-based assays. • HLB extracts estrogenic activity differs to C18 extracts estrogenic activity. • Need for a standardized approach to evaluate estrogenic activity in environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global increase in temperature and climate change signals the need for humanity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly lifestyles. The 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) in the UAE emphasized this, urging nations to commit to the Paris Agreement and pursue a greener, carbon-free future. In recent decades, climate change has become a critical issue, primarily because of the extensive use of fossil fuels and conventional energy resources. Economic growth has led to an increase in energy consumption and widespread environmental damage. The present study empirically explores whether any changes in environmental governance, economic complexity, geopolitical risk, and the interaction term influence energy transition and environmental stability in OECD economies over the period 1990–2021. Novel econometric methods, including Westerlund co-integration and the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), are employed to address complexities such as cross-sectional dependency and panel causality. The key findings from the MMQR technique showed a positive link between environmental governance and economic complexity in driving sustainable energy transitions, thus bolstering environmental resilience in OECD countries. However, economic complexity counterbalances environmental stability. Significantly, geopolitical risk acts as a moderating variable, enhancing the effects of governance and complexity on sustainable energy practices and environmental stability. Based on these insights, this study recommends strategic initiatives, including investment in eco-friendly technologies, to fast-track the shift to clean energy and strengthen environmental resilience in OECD countries. These strategies align with the broader objectives of global sustainable development, offering a path towards a greener and more sustainable future. • Energy transition and Environmental stability prospects are examined. • Method of Moment of quantile regression (MMQR) is used for the analysis. • Environment Governance and economic complexity enhance energy transition. • Environment Governance and technological innovation enhance environmental stability. • Combined effect of geopolitical risk with environmental governance and economic complexity magnifying the effect on dependent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a TPV-VAR analysis method to explore the linkage between GPR, fossil energy prices, and utility stock returns across 16 European countries from August 2009 to April 2023. Our findings reveal variations over time in how GPR influences the prices of fossil energy and utility stock returns. GPR significantly influences stock returns in the short term (1 month), with prolonged effects observed during major geopolitical incidents, while showing no significance in the medium (6 months) and long term (12 months). Further, the Russia–Ukraine War had a more pronounced impact on fossil energy prices and utility stock returns compared with the Arab Spring and Brexit. Finally, GPR shocks exhibit heterogeneous effects on different fossil energy types, with oil prices being more affected than coal and gas prices. Energy prices act as a channel through which GPR influences utility stock returns. This study elucidates the linkage between GPR, prices of fossil energy, and stock returns, offering valuable perspectives for governments and investment decision-makers into risk management. • A TVP-VAR model is adopted. • The impact of GPR on fossil energy prices and utility stock returns is time-varying. • The Russo-Ukrainian War has significantly affected fossil energy prices and European utility stock returns. • The impact of GPR shocks on different types of fossil energy also varies. • GPR affects utility stock returns through energy prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is currently facing urgent climate and environmental issues, such as global warming, ecosystem collapse, and energy shortages. In this context, this study selected data from 2000 to 2021 and employed the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR) to thoroughly investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption, economic complexity, and geopolitical risks on the ecological footprint of the Group of Twenty (G20) countries. The results indicate that in countries with lower quantiles, renewable energy consumption significantly reduces the ecological footprint, whereas its effect is not prominent in countries with higher quantiles. Economic complexity has a negative impact on the ecological footprint, and this impact becomes stronger as the quantile of the ecological footprint rises. Additionally, economic complexity moderates the effect of renewable energy on the ecological footprint. Geopolitical risks facilitate the growth of the ecological footprint. Likewise, robustness tests such as DOLS, FMOLS, and quantile regression confirm these estimates in the same framework. This study has conducted a profound analysis of global environmental issues, offering innovative perspectives and recommendations for achieving goals related to sustainable energy utilization, mitigating climate change, and improving the ecological environment. The findings of this research will guide policymakers in G20 countries to adopt more effective environmental protection measures, thereby contributing to the construction of a sustainable future. • This paper investigates the factors influencing the ecological footprint of G20 countries. • The study utilized a novel Method of Moment Quantile Regression to explore nexus among the study variables. • Renewable energy consumption has no significant effect on the ecological footprint in higher quantiles. • Economic complexity moderates the effect of renewable energy on the ecological footprint. • Geopolitical risks exhibit a unidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cracked phosphorylated nanoscale zerovalent iron (p-nZVI) has a strong electron selectivity towards the reductive removal of many heavy metal ions in waters. However, the unintended environmental risk after interactions with impurities or wastewater are not involved. Therefore, in this study, the phosphate group was successfully adsorbed into p-nZVI, and the cracked p-nZVI was successfully prepared with an optimal P/Fe ratio of 0.5%. The dosages of p-nZVI and temperatures were positively correlated with the removal rates. The removal process of Cr(VI) was more suitable by the Langmuir isothermal model（R2 > 0.99). The process of Cr (VI) (10, 20 and 40 mg/L) removal more fitted the pseudo first-order reaction model, while the process of Cr (VI) (60, 80 mg/L) removal more fitted the pseudo second-order reaction model. The Cr (VI) removal rates gradually decreased when the pH was increased. Dissolved oxygen slowed nanoiron reaction rates. The order of inhibition on the reactivity towards Cr(VI) was SiO 3 2− > SO 4 2− > PO 4 3− > NO 3 − > HCO 3 −.The facilitation followed the order of Cd2+>Cu2+>Mg2+>Mn2+>Ca2+. Ca2+ showed an inhibitory effect, but all other cations showed different degrees of facilitation. The promotion effect is relatively similar in presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+. HA had a significant inhibitory effect. Environmental friendly p-nZVI had a good effect in simulated groundwater, seawater, river water and secondary effluent of the urban sewage treatment plant. The main pathway to remove Cr (VI) was in situ reduction by p-nZVI. The improved adsorption and reduction effect of p-nZVI on heavy metal ions in water was due to the structural change and the phosphate group. • The unique structure and phosphate are vital to outstanding utilization efficiency. • p-nZVI sustained its high efficiency in the waters with impurities. • The order of inhibition was SiO 3 2− > SO 4 2− > PO 4 3− > NO 3 − > HCO 3 −, Ca2+ >Mn2+>Mg2+>Cu2+>Cd2+. • The oxidation rate of Fe(0) was relatively slow in p-nZVI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling and utilization of phosphorus resources in sludge is becoming increasingly important. In this study, we compared the conversion of phosphorus and toxic metal passivation effects of different Ca additives under oxygen-rich combustion conditions and elucidated their specific mechanisms of action. The experimental results indicated that four Ca-based additives improved the recovery rate of total phosphorus, and promoted the generation of stable apatite phosphorus (AP). The effect of CaCl 2 and CaO was greater than that of Ca(OH) 2 and CaSO 4. CaCl 2 promoted the formation of Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 and Ca 2 P 2 O 7 , and CaSO 4 improved the conversion of AlPO 4 to Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2 with increasing temperature. The conversion capacity of CaO on non-apatite inorganic phosphorus to AP was greater than that of Ca(OH) 2 , and more CaH 2 P 2 O 7 , Ca(PO 3) 2 , and Ca–Al–P minerals were found. Toxic metal percentages decreased after sludge incineration with CaCl 2. Compared with CaO and Ca(OH) 2 , the toxic metal adsorption effect of CaSO 4 was more significant. The influence of Ca additives on the conversion of Zn into stable components was as follows: CaCl 2 > Ca(OH) 2 > CaO > CaSO 4. Ca additives reduced the toxic metal contamination level and ecological risk index values, and the order of toxic metal contamination levels was Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn. The experiment confirmed the conversion of phosphorus and the toxic metal passivation effect of Ca additives during oxy-fuel combustion of sludge, which is beneficial for its resource utilization. • Ca-based additives and temperature jointly affect the total amount of phosphorus. • Ca additives promote the generation of stable AP. • Heavy metal percentages decrease after sludge incineration with CaCl 2. • Ca-additives Reduce environmental risks of heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question remains whether high geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty will have a dampening or enhancing effect on pollution factors. In this regard, the study empirically investigates the effects of economic complexity, geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty, renewable energy consumption and economic growth on environmental pollution for G-20 countries from 1997 to 2018. The long-term coefficient estimates, derived from the FMOLS estimator, support the inverted U-shaped EKC linkages between economic complexity and ecological footprint, carbon footprint and carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, over the long term, geopolitical risks, renewable energy use, and the interaction between economic complexity and policy uncertainty have a positive impact on environmental quality in the G-20 economies. Conversely, economic growth and the interaction between economic complexity and geopolitical risk are negatively associated with environmental quality. Additionally, economic policy uncertainty has a positive effect on ecological footprint carbon footprint and carbon dioxide emissions. Finally, causality results revealed that explanatory variables are the cause of environmental pollution indicators. Hence, in order to advance environmental quality in these nations, precautions must be taken to mitigate the effects of economic policy uncertainty and boost the accessibility of renewable energy sources. Additionally, while not advised as a policy measure, the feasible economic fallout of geopolitical risk should also be considered. • The EKC hypothesis confirms the relationship between economic complexity and environmental degradation. • Geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty and renewable energy consumption reduce the environmental degradation. • Economic growth increases environmental degradation. • Interaction between economic policy uncertainty and economic complexity reduces environmental degradation. • Interaction between geopolitical risk and economic complexity increases environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Increasingly studies are reporting sudden and dramatic changes in the structure and function of communities or ecosystems. The prevalence of these reports demonstrates the importance for management of being able to detect whether these have happened and, preferably, whether they are likely to occur. Ecological theory provides the rationale for why such changes occur and a variety of statistical indicators of approach that have generic properties have been developed. However, whether the theory has successfully translated into monitoring programmes is unknown. We searched the literature for guidelines that would drive design of monitoring programmes able to detect past and approaching tipping points and analysed marine monitoring programmes in New Zealand. We found very few guidelines in the ecological, environmental or monitoring literature, although both simulation and marine empirical studies suggest that within-year sampling increases the likelihood of detecting approaching tipping points. The combination of the need to monitor both small and medium scale temporal dynamics of multiple variables to detect tipping points meant that few marine monitoring programmes in New Zealand were fit for that purpose. Interestingly, we found many marine examples of studies detecting past and approaching TP with fewer data than was common in the theoretical literature. We, therefore, suggest that utilizing ecological knowledge is of paramount importance in designing and analyzing time-series monitoring for tipping points and increasing the certainty for short-term or infrequent datasets of whether a tipping point has occurred. As monitoring plays an important role in management of tipping points by providing supporting information for other locations about when and why a tipping point may occur, we believe that monitoring for tipping points should be promoted. Highlights • Present environmental monitoring is not designed to detect approaching tipping points. • Ecological variability does not prevent detection of approaching tipping points. • There are numerous ways ecologists can increase certainty that a tipping point has occurred. • Surveillance monitoring is crucial to management where surprises may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Networks are increasingly popular in dealing with dynamic and complex environmental policy issues, including pollution control and abatement, which require solutions for collaborative and innovative actions involving multiple institutions or entities. Effective network implementation produces better environmental policy outcomes, but little is known about how to improve network implementation. Framed in the network implementation capacity-building approach, this study examines what strategies are adopted by network administrators to improve implementation, and how these strategies work. Evidence from two environmental financing networks in China shows that strategies designed to mobilize resources and maintain network long-term stability improve network implementation. We call for a research agenda that emphasizes network implementation capacity-building in emerging economies where collaborative activities are desired to pool resources and expertise in face of resource shortage and daunting environmental challenges. Highlights • Networks are increasingly popular in environmental governance of emerging economies. • Success of network implementation depends on strategies adopted by network management. • The strategy designed to mobilize resources improves network implementation. • The strategy designed to maintain long-term stability improves network implementation. • Network capacity building is a key in improving network implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of swine manure were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the majority of HMs originally in swine manure were retained in the hydrochar by HTC, and CaO addition substantially reduced the HMs concentration in the hydrochar. HTC especially CaO assisted HTC significantly promoted the HMs transformation from the bioavailable fraction to the relatively stable fraction, and thus decreased their environmental risk in the hydrochar. Moreover, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid test revealed that the leachability and plant-bioavailability of HMs in swine manure were greatly declined by HTC especially for HTC with 15% CaO addition. The present study suggested that HTC was an effective disposal approach for swine manure from the perspective of HMs immobilization, especially for CaO assisted HTC. Graphical abstract Image 1017 Highlights • The risk of HMs in the hydrochar from HTC of swine manure were studied. • The majority of HMs were retained in the hydrochar by HTC. • CaO assisted HTC decreased HMs concentration and immobilized HMs in the hydrochar. • HTC especially with CaO addition reduced the leachable and plant-available HMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Extensive outbreaks of bark beetles have affected not only large parts of coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, but also — largely absent from global attention — native pine forests of Central America. As such outbreaks frequently spark management debates among residents, land managers, forest owners and the public, the social acceptance of bark beetle control measures has become crucial for modern land management. However, the sociological and psychological determinants of the preference for specific bark beetle control measures outside protected areas remain unclear. To determine the acceptability of bark beetle control measures in El Salvador, we assessed how demographic variables, attitude towards the bark beetle, education, and self-reported knowledge affected the preference for different bark beetle control measures in a survey of government employees and local forest owners using a quantitative questionnaire survey. Cumulative link mixed models revealed that the general preference for control measures increased with increasing self-reported knowledge about the bark beetle but decreased with increasing level of respondent education and an increasing positive attitude towards the bark beetle. Respondents generally preferred beetle control measures on small areas than on large areas. Preferences for control measures did not differ between government employees and forest owners, with controlled burning and chemical control significantly less accepted than stand thinning or salvage logging. We discuss the most preferred control measures considering recent scientific evidence of their efficacy and conclude that the current bark beetle outbreak should be controlled through logging of pines weakened by fire in the short-term and by stand thinning in the medium-term to prevent further outbreaks. Highlights • We assessed preferences for bark beetle control measures in El Salvador. • Forest owners and government employees preferred salvage logging and thinning. • The use of controlled burnings and chemicals were rejected by both groups. • The education level enhanced understanding of the reasons for the outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The environmental risks of traditional waste disposal methods, together with the resource and energy value of waste, had established the foundation for waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. WTE is rarely implemented in developing countries, mostly due to the lack of knowledge and experience under their specific local conditions. The present research investigates the feasibility of WTE strategies in middle income developing countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Multiple waste management scenarios, involving incineration and anaerobic digestion, were evaluated based on energy, economic, and environmental parameters. A multi-criteria assessment was conducted for the Governorate of Kafr El-Sheikh (Egypt); a 3.2-million rural-urban agro-industrial population with socio-economic and demographic features similar to those of the selected MENA countries. The actual waste generation rates and characteristics of Kafr El-Sheikh were measured through a comprehensive field study. It was found that anaerobic digestion with recycling is the optimum strategy for Kafr El-Sheikh, with annual energy potential of 1170-kWh per ton of waste and net economic savings of 6.5 million USD. This optimum waste management scenario was extended to the selected MENA countries to investigate potential benefits of shifting to WTE-based waste management strategies. The total annual energy production was estimated to be 103,000-GWh, which translates to 17% of the total energy consumption. Moreover, greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by around 98,500-Gg CO 2 annually, which represents around 6.5% of the total annual CO 2 footprint generated by the selected countries. Furthermore, the overall economic benefits ranged between −12 and 200 million USD for the selected countries. Highlights • Anaerobic digestion with recycling is the optimum WTE strategy for Kafr El-Sheikh. • WTE strategies can produce up to 1170 KWh per ton of waste for the Kafr El-Sheikh. • Landfill GHG emissions can be reduced by 99% using WTE for Kafr El-Sheikh. • WTE strategies provide financial benefits for most of the selected MENA countries. • Optimum WTE strategy covers 17% of energy demand for selected MENA countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Climatic threats force disruption on community lifestyles by impairing social factors, the fundamental components of ensuring social sustainability. This study investigates the situational factors affecting the consequences on coastal livelihoods, and social activities; it also considers the effectiveness of traditional knowledge in reducing possible risks. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed, including questionnaire survey for identifying the local perception of climatic impacts alongside the impacts on daily activities. Interviews, field observations, and multivariate analyses were performed to explain the vulnerability status in coastal communities. Results show that most livelihood sectors were severely affected by the long-term and repeated actions of climatic hazards, such as cyclones, associated with a number of unavoidable risks making people susceptible to damages in social wellbeing. In addition, saltwater intrusion damages drinking water supply and crop farming, which can cause diseases among coastal communities, but very few attempts have been made to provide alternative sources of drinking water at a household level. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed significant interfaces between local perceptions and the socio-and agro-environmental factors changing the overall status of regional hazards. Thus, the situation exhibits coastal hazards, social vulnerability, and social crisis. Local people use their traditional knowledge to cope with various levels of crisis under vulnerable conditions, but sometimes doing so exceeds their capacity owing to the unwanted changes in climatic variables and knowledge gaps or uncertainties. Challenges on the basis of the problematic points should be noted, however, it would be more significant to achieve social sustainability under adverse climatic conditions. Highlights • Climatic impacts triggering salinity problems in the coastal area of Bangladesh. • Coastal livelihood affected by coastal hazards and associated salinity problems. • Potable water crisis threatening coastal lifestyle. • Traditional local knowledge becoming useless for predicting coastal hazards due to consequences of climate change. • PCA and CA tools used to validate the consistency in local perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Modern Portfolio Theory is a well-established method in economic research for considering the risks and returns in asset allocations and the potential benefits of diversification for risk averse agents. Thus, it is a useful tool for guiding sustainability discourse under uncertain future states. Existing discussions around the method's use in environmental research have evolved during over the 75 years of its application, leading to a continued renewal of perspectives on utilising it. We classify the environmental questions where portfolio theory has been applied, and critically discuss the methodological approaches taken; providing a stepping stone for future use of the method. This article provides a framework for its application in environmental research using the following questions: 1) what is the type of research or management question and objective(s) of the decision-maker(s); 2) what are the definitions of the assets to be included in the portfolio; 3) what are the ways that returns are valued, discounted, distributed and weighted; 4) what is the most appropriate way for risks to be accounted for and managed, including the selection of the appropriate model and taking into account risk preferences; and 5) what are the definitions of constraints in the programming problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Management of water resources poses a particular challenge in cities, due to the extensive degradation of the urban ecosystem and its limited self-regulatory capacity as compared to natural systems. Effective management requires an in-depth understanding of the sources (drivers) giving rise to such risk. This paper reports on a participatory identification of such factors driving the risk to urban water resources in the city of Łódź, Poland, carried out with the aim of testing a simple risk analysis tool (DAPSET - Drivers and Pressures - Strength Evaluation Tool), intended to yield the kind of complex data able to help assist city managers in decision-making processes. In the first part of the study, a number of selected public officials, students, researchers and NGO representatives were asked to rank the key socioeconomic drivers of water resources in the city. The four drivers identified as key (a low degree of environmental awareness among citizens, low law-enforcement efficiency, the city's low economic potential and land use changes) were then scrutinized in the second part of the study, which included a self-administered questionnaire designed to create a risk profile of drivers based on the DAPSET. Each of the four key drivers were analyzed with reference to eleven features. DAPSET revealed that all the key drivers share certain common features: they affect a large spatial scale, the damage they cause is persistent, and they involve either medium-high damage potential or probability of damage. The major differences between them stem from the dynamic features of the risk: societal attraction, invisibility, and availability of information. Analysis of the risk profiles so created against risk types pointed to the desirable directions of management and a need to go beyond standard actions. Highlights • Participatory selection of main drivers of the status of urban water resource. • Drivers considered by stakeholders were: economy, awareness, law, land use. • The DAPSET tool based on 11 risk characteristics was tested on the drivers. • The individual risk profile was drawn for each of the drivers. • The management recommendations were derived based on risk classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nanotechnology is currently one of the highest priority research fields in many countries due to its immense potentiality and economic impact. Nanotechnology involves the research, development, production, and processing of structures and materials on a nanometer scale in various fields of science, technology, health care, industries, and agriculture. As such, it has contributed to the gradual restructuring of many associated technologies. However, due to the uncertainties and irregularities in shape, size, and chemical compositions, the presence of certain nanomaterials may exert adverse impacts on the environment as well as human health. Concerns have thus been raised about the destiny, transport, and transformation of nanoparticles released into the environment. A critical evaluation of the current states of knowledge regarding the exposure and effects of nanomaterials on the environment and human health is discussed in this review. Recognition on the potential advantages and unintended dangers of nanomaterials to the environment and human health is critically important to pursue their development in the future. Highlights • Nanotechnology has drawn great interests of researchers due to its immense potentiality. • Nanotechnology has contributed to the gradual restructuring of diverse technologies. • The presence of nanomaterials (NMs) can exert adverse effects on the human health. • In this work, the exposure and effects of NMs is evaluated from various respects. • The proper evaluation of NMs is offered for their future development and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combines insights from the policy uncertainty literature and neo-institutional theory to examine corporate performance in implementing a government-sponsored voluntary environmental program (VEP) during 2004–2012 in Guangzhou, China. In this regulatory context, characterized by rapid policy changes, corporate performance in VEPs is affected by government surveillance, policy uncertainty, and peer pressures. Specifically, if VEP participants have experienced more government surveillance, they tend to perform better in program implementation. Such positive influence of government surveillance is particularly evident among those joining under high and low, rather than moderate uncertainty. Participants also perform better if they belong to an industry with more certified VEP firms, but worse if they are located in a regulatory jurisdiction with more certified VEP firms. At a moderate level of policy uncertainty, within-industry imitation is most likely to occur but within-jurisdiction imitation is least likely to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]