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The present study investigated the content of 62 elements in the fruiting bodies ofLentinula edodes(Shiitake mushroom) cultivated commercially in Poland on various substrates from 2007–2015. The general mean content (mg kg−1dry weight (DW)) of the studied elements ranked in the following order: K (26,335) > P (11,015) > Mg (2,284) > Ca (607) > Na (131) > Zn (112) > Fe (69) > Mn (33) > B (32) > Rb (17) > Cu (14.5) > Al (11.2) > Te (2.9) > As (1.80) > Cd (1.76) > Ag (1.73) > Nd (1.70) > Sr (1.46) > Se (1.41) > U (1.11) > Pt (0.90) > Ce (0.80) > Ba (0.61) > Co (0.59) > Tl (0.58) > Er (0.50) > Pb (0.42) > Li (0.40) > Pr (0.39) > Ir (0.37) > In (0.35) > Mo (0.31) > Cr (0.29) > Ni (0.28) > Sb (0.26) > Re (0.24) > Ti (0.19) > Bi (0.18) > Th (0.12) > La (0.10) = Pd (0.10) > Os (0.09) = Zr (0.09) > Rh (0.08) > Ho (0.07) > Ru (0.06) > Sm (0.04) = Eu (0.04) = Tm (0.04) > Gd (0.03) > Sc (0.02) = Y (0.02) > Lu (0.01) = Yb (0.01) = V (0.01). The contents of Au, Be, Dy, Ga, Ge, Hf, and Tb were below the limits of detection (0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02 mg kg−1respectively). The concentrations of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Er, Fe, In, Lu, Mn, Nd, Sr, Ti, Tm, and Zr were comparable over the period the mushrooms were cultivated. The study revealed thatLentinula edodescontained As and Cd at levels potentially adverse to human health. This highlights the need to monitor these elements in food products obtained from this mushroom species and ensure that only low levels of these elements are present in cultivation substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the elemental composition, phenolic content and composition and antioxidant properties ofImleria badia(Fr.) Vizzini (former namesBoletus badius(Fr.) Fr., andXerocomus badius(Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert) fruiting bodies collected from sites with different levels of pollution.Imleria badiawas relatively tolerant to soil contamination with toxic elements and was able to grow in As, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations exceeding 15, 2.9, 0.4 and 77 mg kg−1, respectively. The concentration of elements in soil was reflected in the element content inI. badia. The fruiting bodies from polluted sites exhibited significantly higher content of all the analyzed elements. Among 21 individual phenolic compounds only protocatechiuc and caffeic acids, and quercetin were determined in fruiting bodies ofI. badia. The differences between the concentration of the quantified phenolic compounds and the total flavonoid content in fruiting bodies ofI. badiafrom unpolluted and polluted sites were not significant. However, the greatest total phenolic content was found in fruiting bodies from the polluted areas. The antioxidative capacity of mushrooms collected from heavily polluted sites was lower than those growing in unpolluted areas. The concentrations of some metals in soil and fruiting soil were positively correlated with phenolic content and IC50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of arsenic (As) in mushrooms can vary depending on the concentration level of this metalloid in the soil/substrate. The present study evaluated the content of arsenic in Boletus badius fruiting bodies collected from polluted and non-polluted sites in relation to the content of this element in overgrown substrate. It was found that mushrooms from the arsenic-polluted sites contained mean concentrations from 49 to 450 mg As kg-1 dry matter (d.m.), with the greatest content found for specimens growing in close proximity of sludge deposits (490§20 mg As kg-1d.m.). The mean content of total arsenic in mushrooms from clean sites ranged from 0.03 to 0.37 mg kg-1 It was found that B. badius could tolerate arsenic in soil substrate at concentrations of up to 2500 mg kg-1, at least. In different years of investigation, shifts in particular arsenic forms, as well as a general increase in the accumulation of organic arsenic content, were observed. The results of this study clearly indicate that B. badius should not be collected for culinary purposes from any sites that may be affected by pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of supplementation with inorganic forms of selenium (Na2SeO4and Na2SeO3) in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mM of three medicinal mushroom species:Agrocybe aegerita,Hericium erinaceusandGanoderma lucidum. Tested mushroom species grew in Se additions of 0–0.6 mM (A. aegeritaandH. erinaceus), while growth ofG. lucidumbodies was observed for 0–0.8 mM. For the latter mushroom species, the total Se content was the highest. Content of Seorgwas diverse; for control bodies it was the highest forG. lucidum(only organic forms were present), lower forA. aegerita(84% organic forms) and the lowest forH. erinaceus(56% organic forms). Accumulation of Se(IV) was generally significantly higher than Se(VI) for all tested mushroom species. There was no significant decrease ofA. aegeritaorG. lucidumbiomass with the exception ofG. lucidumbodies growing under 0.8 mM of Se species addition (15.51 ± 6.53 g). Biomass ofH. erinaceusbodies was the highest under 0.2 (197.04 ± 8.73 g), control (191.80 ± 6.06 g) and 0.1 mM (185.04 ± 8.73 g) of both inorganic salts. The addition to the medium of Se salts brought about macroscopic changes in the fruiting bodies of the examined mushrooms. Concentrations exceeding 0.4 mM caused diminution of carpophores or even their total absence. In addition, colour changes of fruiting bodies were also recorded. At Se concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6 mM,A. aegeritafruiting bodies were distinctly lighter and those ofH. erinaceuschanged colour from purely white to white-pink. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]