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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of plant shading (covered by pearl shade nets with a 40% shade index or nonshading plants from open field) on the content and composition of essential oils extracted from summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) during the flowering stage cultivated under the ecological conditions of Serbia. The summer savory essential oil (SSEO) was extracted by Clevenger hydrodistillation. According to the GC/MS analysis of the SSEO, twenty-five and twenty-six components were detected in the non-shaded and shaded plants, respectively. The yield of SSEO from non-shaded plants was 1.64%, while SSEO from plants covered by shade nets was 1.76%. Carvracol (48.7–53.25%) and γ-terpinene (32.7%–36.8%) were found to be the main components in SSEO, followed by p-cymene (3.4%-3.2%), α-terpinene (2.9%-3.5%) and limonene (1.9-1.3%). In the DPPH assay, SSEO showed an IC50 of 0.99 μg mL−1 in shaded and an IC50 of 1.01 μg mL−1 in non-shaded plants. Additionally, SSEO exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (44.3–48 mm inhibition zone), Bacillus subtilis (34.7–41.0 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.3–29.0 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (21.0–24.3 mm). A possible practical application of this study would be to grow summer savory at higher plant densities, or as an intercrop, because it does not require too much light for production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summer savory essential oil is used as a flavour in food industries, treat various diseases and it has different biological activities. Essential oil production from aromatic plants is one way to utilize arid lands. Ascorbic acid plays an important role in essential oil production under arid lands. Plants subjected to various doses of ascorbic acid control (0.0), 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1. The greatest essential oil contents (0.5 - 0.6%; 79.2 - 100.8 ml Plot-1) were reported under 200 mg L-1 ascorbic acid rate. Twenty three constituents were detected in essential oil isolated under each treatment. Carvacrol and γ-terpinene were identified as major components which increased under ascorbic acid rates. 200 mg L-1 rate resulted in the highest values of major compounds {Carvacrol (46.5%) and γ-terpinene (32.4%)}. 300 mg L-1 rate produced the highest amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons (MCH, 41.4%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (SCHO, 1.4%). Control rate reported the highest value of oxygenated monoterpene (MCHO, 55.9%) while the highest value of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SCH, 4.8%) was recorded under the rates of 200 or 300 mg L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many members of the genusSaturejahave aromatic and medicinal characteristics.Satureja hortensisL. (Lamiaceae) is an Iranian species ofSaturejawhich is well known in Iranian traditional medicine as a remedy for various ailments. In this study, antitumor activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract ofS. hortensiswas investigated. For antitumor activity tests, a potato disc tumor inhibition method was exploited. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract was also studied by a broth microdilution method and MIC values were determined. The methanolic extract exhibited antitumor activity in a concentration dependent manner but the tumor inhibitory effect was significant (> 20 %) at 1 mg/ml and higher. The IC value of the extract was 1.8 mg/ml. The essential oil exhibited tumor growth inhibition (100 %) at dilutions of 0.001 and 0.0001 (v/v). These results demonstrated thatS. hortensishas beneficial effects by inhibition of tumor growth on potato discs, which is likely due to its terpenes and phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most important of twelve species of Iranian Satureja species cultivated in several areas of the country. As a medicinal plant, S. hortensis has been traditionally used as a stimulant, carminative and aphrodisiac. This study reports the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil extract of aerial parts of Satureja hortensis L. GC-MS analysis identified twenty compounds representing 97.03% of the oil. The main components comprising 70.72% of the oil were γ-terpinene (31.47%), borneol (5.73%), carvacrol (26.78%) and eugenol (6.78%). The samples were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay methods. γ-Terpinene (11.21± 0.41 µg/ml) and eugenol (11.97± 0.07 µg/ml) showed appreciable antioxidant activity in DPPH test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satureja myrtifolia (Boiss. & Hohen.) Greuter & Burdeta medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family was collected from south of Lebanon and hydro-distilled by Clevenger method. Essential oil composition from aerial parts was analyzed by GC-MS technique. The odor of essential oil is characteristic, and clear yellow liquid oil was obtained after hydro-distillation. The yield of the essential oil was 1.25±0.02% of dry matter (w/w). Thirty nine volatile components were identified in the Satureja myrtifolia oil, which shows a high amount of hydrocarbons class (57.82±0.1%). Other classes were also identified such assesquiterpene hydrocarbons (12.96±0.1%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.65±0.2%), phenolic compounds (10.32±0.1%), acids (5.53±0.1%), and monoterpenes hydrocarbons (2.21±0.1%).In addition, a comparison with the unique study performed on Satureja myrtifolia was also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerial parts of Satureja hortensis L. were collected at flowering stage, dried naturally in a drying room and then submitted to distillation in order to obtain the essential oil. Three distillation methods were applied: hydrodistillation in Deryng-type apparatus, hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus and water-steam distillation. The isolated oils were analyzed by GC-MS. Carvacrol (62.91-72.19%) and β-terpinene (17.17-21.37%) were the dominating components in the all analyzed oil samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that distillation method had no significant effect on the content of the main S. hortensis essential oil components. However, there were statistically significant differences found for interaction between the concentration of the main oil constituents and the method of distillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]