1. Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts
- Author
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Liyan Yang and Zhonglei Wang
- Subjects
nsp, nonstructural protein ,IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration ,MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,Decoction ,Review ,FCV, feline calicivirus ,Disease ,GA, glycyrrhizic acid ,SI, selectivity index ,TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α ,0302 clinical medicine ,H1N1, influenza A ,HBV, Hepatitis B virus ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,Active ingredients ,HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1 ,MLAV, Mengla virus ,TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2 ,Medicine, Chinese Traditional ,PHEIC, public health emergency of international concern ,Organ protection ,COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 ,Active ingredient ,0303 health sciences ,PLpro, papain-like protease ,NHC PRC, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China ,Traditional medicine ,IL-10, interleukin-10 ,HIV, human immunodeficiency virus ,HCV, hepatitis C virus ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,EC50, half maximal effective concentration ,Chinese herbal medicine ,EBOV, Ebola virus ,3CLpro, 3C-Like protease ,SARS-Cov-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,andro, andrographolide ,JHQG, Jinhua Qinggan granules ,ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,WHO, World Health Organization ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pharmacotherapy ,Animals ,Humans ,PDL, Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid ,RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ,China ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,LHQW, Lianhuaqingwen capsules ,CHIKV, Chikungunya virus ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,Clinical trial ,Mpro, main protease ,XYP, Xiyanping injection ,business ,Broad-spectrum antiviral ,GRP78, glucose regulating protein 78 ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly across the entire world. There is a critical need to develop safe and effective drugs, especially broad-spectrum antiviral and organ protection agents in order to treat and prevent this dangerous disease. It is possible that Chinese herbal medicine may play an essential role in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim of the review: We aim to review the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 both in vitro and in clinical practice. Our goal was to provide a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine and to establish a “Chinese protocol” for the treatment of COVID-19. Materials and methods We systematically reviewed published research relating to traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from inception to the 6th January 2021 by screening a range of digital databases (Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, X-MOL, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other resources) and public platforms relating to the management of clinical trials. We included the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, monomer preparations, crude extracts, and formulas for the treatment of COVID-19. Results In mainland China, a range of Chinese herbal medicines have been recognized as very promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, including active ingredients (quercetagetin, osajin, tetrandrine, proscillaridin A, and dihydromyricetin), monomer preparations (xiyanping injection, matrine-sodium chloride injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and sodium aescinate injection), crude extracts (Scutellariae Radix extract and garlic essential oil), and formulas (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhuaqingwen capsules, and Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid). All these agents have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have attracted significant attention due to their activities both in vitro and in clinical practice. Conclusions As a key component of the COVID-19 treatment regimen, Chinese herbal medicines have played an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The “Chinese protocol” has already demonstrated clear clinical importance. The use of Chinese herbal medicines that are capable of inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection may help to address this immediate unmet clinical need and may be attractive to other countries that are also seeking new options for effective COVID-19 treatment. Our analyses suggest that countries outside of China should also consider protocols involving Chinese herbal medicines combat this fast-spreading viral infection., Graphical abstract Image 1
- Published
- 2021