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INTRODUCTION: A band overlying the in tramural segment of coronary artery - a place where the artery goes through myocardium instead of epicardium is called myocardial bridging (MB). A wide variation of 0.5% - 90.4% occurs in the incidence of MB by the cadaveric and angiographic study. More over the occurrence of atherosclerosis in coronary artery segments under myocardial bridges still remains controversial. And so, the incidence of myocardial brid g es and their association to atherosclerosis formation in cadaveric hearts was done morphologically and histological in this study. METHODS: 30 cadaveric hearts from department of Anatomy were examined. After cleaning the fat from epicardium, course of all three coronary arteries were delineated and observed for presence of MB. In the hearts that exhibited MB, the location, length of MB, its distance from the coronary ostium was measured. Sections were made proximal to MB, under MB and distal to MB in the vessels. The perimeter of the vessels were measured. The section was processed for histological study of intimal – media thickness ratio. RESULT: 24 hearts showed MB in the left anterior interventricular artery. One showed MB in right coronary artery. Multiple MB in single artery was seen rarely. The length of the MB segment was around 4 cm on an average. Mostly the MB is seen in the mid to distal part of the artery. The intima was found to be thinned out in the section of the vessel underneath the MB. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that Left coronary artery is the commonest to have myocardial bridges. But the occurrence of this MB in the distal part of the vessel in contrast to previous studies is an important finding to be noted. The presence of intimal thinning underlying the myocardial bridges questions the previous studies that claimed MB‟s protection of vessels from atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVE: The posterior most among the paranasal sinuses, the sphenoid sinuses exhibit high variability in their structure, pneumatisation and relation to surrounding neurovascular structures. The protrusion of optic nerve (ON) into the superolateral wall of the sinus has been reported in literature wit h varied incidence. The pneumatisation of sphenoid sinus and its extension to anterior clinoid process (ACP) is also been mentioned in few studies. The variability in the incidence and the inconsistency in the association between optic nerve protrusion and degree of pneumatisation seen in studies done in different ethnicity and with paucity of Indian studies necessitated this study on positional variation of optic nerve in relation to sphenoid sinuses and its association with pneumatisation of anterior clin oid process in South Indian ethnicity. THE METHODS: CT scan images in coronal section collected from 114 patients with sinusitis with in the age group of 16 - 64 years belonging to both sexes were studied. The CT images were evaluated for the position of ON with sphenoid sinuses, protrusion of it into the sinus walls, bony dehiscence, pneumatisation of ACP. The position of ON was classified into Delano’s four types and their incidence noted. RESULTS: Type 1 position of ON was observed predominantly in 65.8% s ides while Type 2, 3, 4 were seen in 29.8%, 1.8% and 2.6% sides respectively out of 228 sides studied. Associated bony dehiscence was noted in only 5 out of 228sides (2.1%) studied. The pneumatisation of ACP was observed in 23.6% of the CT scans studied. T he association between ON protrusion and ACP pneumatisation was found to be statistically significant with P= 0.008 . CONCLUSION: The varying position of ON, its protrusion with or without dehiscence in to the sphenoid sinus wall with statistically signific ant association with ACP pneumatisation in south Indian ethnicity warrants a systematic CT evaluation pre operatively to ensure efficient surgery with minimal complications.