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Probiotic microbial feed supplements are gaining wide acceptance in livestock production as well as in aquaculture. The present study was conducted to examine the efficacy of biogut on growth in fingerlings of Deccan mahseer, Tor khudree (Cyprinidae). A total of 120 fingerlings with an average weight of 1.2 g, stocked at 10 nos./tank were divided into four groups and then fed on biogut. Experimental diets had the biogut at 0% (T0), 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2) and 1.5% (T3) inclusion levels. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The survival was 100% in all the groups. The growth performance and nutrient utilization-specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and food conversion ratio were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the biogut-treated groups than in the control. RNA/DNA ratio and protease activity were highest in the group treated with the probiotic at 1.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By-catch is distinguished as unavoidable in any kind of fishing but the quantity varies according to the gear and vessel operated. The changing outlook of by-catch itself offers the greatest challenge, as yesterday’s by-catch becomes today’s target catch. This trend showed that significant increased of low value fish species with decrease in commercial fish species in by-catch. More than 50% by-catch was used for fishmeal/fish oil industry. Fishes like anchovies, ribbonfish, cluepeids, driftfish, croakers, gobids were used for local consumption as dried fish (10%) salted (5%) and medium-size fish and soles were used for local consumption as fresh (12-15%). The Oil sardine were used maximum (98.2 %) followed by Mackerel (1.2%) for manufacturing fish oil, whereas 91.2% Oil sardine were used by fish meal industry. Studies have indicated that the Mangalore coast is one of the major fishing harbours having rich biodiversity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and incidence of shellfish diseases in shrimp cultured in Inland saline water of Punjab, India. In the study, a total of 46 and 66 farms were selected from-four different districts (Fazilka, Mansa, Bathinda and Sri Mukatsar Sahib), representing different geographical areas of the State, during 2018 and 2019, respectively. On monthly basis, biological samples were collected from each farm and pooled and screened for nine infectious diseases through molecular diagnosis. All the samples were negative to screened shellfish pathogens, except Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The pooled biological samples, which are either amplified the product size of 779 and 176 bp through PCR, were considered as EHP positive. Further, epidemiological studies revealed 15.38 and 20% prevalence of EHP infection in Fazilka and Mansa districts, respectively in the year 2018. However, 16.67, 16.67, 22.22 and 26.67% of EHP prevalence was found in all the four districts viz. Fazilka, Mansa, Bathinda and Sri Mukstar Sahib, respectively during the year 2019. Amongst all districts, Sri Mukasatar sahiab recorded highest prevalence and as appeared the most susceptible geographical area. Further, Incidence proportion was also high in the Sri Mukstar Sahib followed by Fazilka, Mansa and Bathinda. Over all, the incidence of EHP infection in the studied areas was 18.18% during the year 2019. In addition, high percentage prevalence of non-infectious disease syndromes such as white muscle and muscle cramping syndromes, was reported -in district Fazilka, followed by other three districts with decreasing rate over the years. The present study reveals that both infectious and noninfectious shellfish diseases have spread in all the studied geographical areas. Henceforth, scientific recommendations (BMPs), with strict biosecurity measures and stocking of EHP free SPF seed, need to be followed, to overcome the surging up disease issues in inland saline water shrimp farming in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Success of shrimp culture mainly depends on two essential ingredients of aquaculture, namely good bottom soil condition and high quality water. The present study was designed to check the suitability of soil and water quality for Litopenaeus vannamei culture in selected locations of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka. Soil samples study revealed that it is advisable to add clay and silt to these sites to increase their water holding capacity and also to prevent the loss of water due to seepage. Source water parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and phosphate phosphorus were within the permissible limit. It was concluded that with the best management practices like adding clay, silt, liming and organic manures to soil and liming, sedimentation and filtration of water makes the shrimp culture more eco-friendly and productive. The results are useful for proper land use planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish farming contributes to aquaculture production for the domestic and international markets in India. Intensification of the aquaculture production systems has led to increased stress to fish. Thus, diseases occur more frequently across the entire region of India. One of the most common types is hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. A. hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium causing diseases in human and fish. The emergence of multidrug-resistant A. hydrophila isolates has been increasing in recent years. In this study, we performed antibiotic susceptibility to A. hydrophila Ah34 strain. The MAR index of A. hydrophilaAh34 is 0.372 which infers the predominate use of antibiotics in aquatic environments. To develop an alternative bio-control measure for multi-drug resistant pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, which causes motile Aeromonas septicemia in fish, a novel virulent bacteriophage (AhFM22) was isolated from sewage water sample. The titer value of the purified phage AhFM22 was 1.29 x 107 PFU/mL. AhFM22 displayed latent period of 40 min with burst size of 670 PFU per infected cell. Since AhFM22 has a narrow host range, for effective phage therapy, different phages are needed for preparation of cocktails that are capable of killing the heterogeneous A. hydrophila strains. Further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the protective efficacy of newly isolated AhFM22 against A. hydrophila infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lytic phage (CF7) specific to Aeromonas hydrophilawas isolated and characterized from the aquaculture pond. Phage isolation and host range determination were carried out by soft agar overlay assay. Phage morphology was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The multiplicity of infection, phage adsorption rate to the host cell and burst size were also determined. Phage genome was subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) and de novo assembly. Stability of phage preparations at various storage temperatures was studied over a period of one year. Based on TEM analysis, CF7 belonged to family Podovirdae.CF7 also had a very narrow host range with no lytic activity against other bacterial isolates. Adsorption rate and burst size were determined to be 69.7% and 93±6, respectively.NGS and de novo assembly generated phage genome of 42,439 bp with G+C content of 58.95%. Proteins involved in major functions such as phage structure formation and packaging, DNA replication and repair, DNA transcription and host cell lysis were encoded by the phage genome. Phage titers in preparations stored at 4oC declined by only one log10 unit over a period of one year. During storage at -80°C, without or with (15%, 30%, and 45%) glycerol, phage titers declined by <2 log10 units over the same period. The very narrow host range of CF7 suggests that it could be a good candidate for phage typing applications. Genes encoding for holin and endolysin could be ideal candidates for recombinant cloning and expression of potentially antimicrobial proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]