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This article provides a commentary on a case report that examines the mechanisms of fat embolism syndrome (FES) in atraumatic compartment syndrome. It discusses the different types of fat embolism, such as pulmonary and systemic, and explains the mechanical and biochemical theories of fat embolism pathogenesis. The authors highlight the importance of recognizing fat embolism as a cause of death in forensic pathology. Additionally, the article includes citations for two related articles that provide further information on post-traumatic fat embolism, which can be accessed through the Wiley Online Library. [Extracted from the article]

Anomalous papillary muscle (APM) insertion into the anterior mitral valve leaflet is often associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but is reported in other cases as a rare finding. Mere presence does not strictly imply hemodynamic disturbance, and several types exist, with various impacts on left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. The interpretation of isolated anomaly is challenging at autopsy because significant LVOT obstruction is dynamic. We analyzed autopsy cases with APM regarding the site of PM insertion and origin, number of PM bellies, anomalous insertions, heart weight, left ventricle (LV) thickness, LV endocardial fibrosis, subjects' age, sex, cause, and manner of death. A total of 20 cases were identified. Fourteen were identified incidentally, while in 670 systematically examined hearts, the APM was identified in six cases, indicating a prevalence of 0.9%. In eight cases, the manner of death was natural (one case with HCM), and in 12 non‐natural. Type II anomaly of PM was most frequent (n = 8), followed by Type III (n = 7) and Type I (n = 5). Subjects who died of natural causes were significantly older and had heavier hearts (median 455 g vs. 330 g; p < 0.05) without difference in LV thickness (median 16 mm vs. 15 mm; p > 0.05). Histology performed in four cases showed a pattern of direct insertion of cardiomyocytes into the leaflet's thick fibrous tissue with a narrow overlapping zone. The APM is rare, can be easily overlooked, and does not imply significant pathology per se. We discussed proper assessment of the significance of this anomaly at autopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a commentary on a case report about an isolated injury to the caudate lobe of the liver due to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The authors agree with the original report but provide additional insights. They discuss the amount of blood loss and the mechanism of injury, suggesting that external compression during CPR may have caused the liver laceration. They also mention the possibility of underlying hemorrhagic diathesis in cases of liver cirrhosis. The authors emphasize the importance of a well-performed autopsy for accurate findings. The work was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia and the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development. [Extracted from the article]

Herein, we describe a case of an 81‐year‐old woman who was found hanged in the kneeling position, at the height of about 1.3 m, with anterior position of the knot. There were two downward directed stripes of dried blood coming out of the left nostril and left ear, while the right ear was filled with a small pool of blood. Since the hanging occurred in the kneeling position with the head "on top," it is likely that the anterior position of the knot, with only (partial) weight of the head pulling the noose, resulted in complete obstruction of the venous flow, but only partial obstruction of the arterial flow, probably including both carotid and vertebral arteries. The venous pressure rise was not caused by the position of the head, meaning that it required a "pump," that is, preserved circulation and heart function. The first finding that speaks in favor of this mechanism is the small pool of blood in the right external auditory canal, since its position is completely antigravitational. The second one, even more convincing, is the finding of the so‐called trout phenomenon, that is, petechial bleeding on upper and lower eyelids and on the skin between the eyebrows, because this phenomenon requires impaired or obstructed venous return in the presence of continued arterial input. We can conclude that in this case of atypical, incomplete, suicidal hanging, otorrhagia was a vital reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]