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The article discusses the side effects of gastrointestinal radiotherapy. Pelvic radiotherapy is used for the treatment of prostate, bladder, gynecological and rectal cancers. This often results in mild diarrhea but symptoms usually resolve within six weeks. With other irradiation methods, only a minority of patients have continuing symptoms such as diarrhea and rectal bleeding.

The article discusses the case of a male patient with gallbladder varices. The patient had a three month of history of recurrent upper abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. An upper abdominal ultrasonography revealed portal vein thrombosis with cavernous transformation and diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall with serpentine areas of low echogenicity. Color Doppler sonography detected blow flow within the serpentine structures.

The article presents two cases of spontaneous splenorenal shunts in portal hypertension. One patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis at the age of 4 years. Selective catheterization of the superior mesenteric artery reveals the mesenteric vein back flow to the splenic vein and a big shunt between the splenic and left renal vein. The other patient had portal hypertension because of portal vein thrombosis associated with factor V Leiden mutation.