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Objective: To study the correlation of serum HMGA1 levels in breast cancer lesion and serum with the pathological features of tumor. Methods: The patients with breast cancer and those with benign breast tumor who were treated in Mianyang Central Hospital between August 2014 and October 2017 were selected as the malignant group and the benign group of the study respectively; serum was collected to determine HMGA1 level, and breast cancer lesions and benign tumor breast tumor lesions were collected to determine the level of HMGA1 as well as the expression of proliferation genes and invasion genes. Results: HMGA1 level in breast cancer lesion and HMGA1 level in serum of malignant group were significantly higher than those of control group, and HMGA1 level in breast cancer lesion was positively correlated with HMGA1 level in serum; CCN5, MMRN2, TCEAL7 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions of malignant group were significantly lower than those in breast tumor lesions of benign group, whereas HPK1 and Ki67, Sema4D, RhoA, Gab2, ARK5, SGK3 and MMP9 mRNA expression were significantly higher than those in breast tumor lesions of benign group; CCN5, MMRN2, TCEAL7 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions of malignant group of patients with high HMGA1 level were significantly lower than those of malignant group of patients with low HMGA1 level, whereas HPK1 and Ki67, Sema4D, RhoA, Gab2, ARK5, SGK3 and MMP9 mRNA expression were significantly higher than those of malignant group of patients with low HMGA1 level. Conclusion: HMGA1 levels abnormally increase in breast cancer lesion and serum; the abnormally elevated HMGA1 can assess the pathological features of tumor proliferation and invasion.