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This paper explores the effects of computerized medical information systems on the occupational communities of health care professionals in hospitals. Interviews were conducted with informants from the pharmacy and nursing departments at two hospitals currently using medical information systems for communicating physicians' medication orders from the nursing station to the pharmacy. Results showed changes in tasks for both pharmacy and nursing, resulting in increased interdependence between the two departments. This interdependence was accompanied by improved communication and cooperation, providing an opportunity to encourage better working relationships between departments. The use and maintenance of the common computerized data base became a superordinate goal for the two groups, with the computer system itself as the topic of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using recent first-hand accounts by Klass (1987), Konner (1987), LeBaron (1982), and Reilly (1987), this paper examines "insiders' "experiences of medical school. Medical education emphasizes disease, technical procedures, and technological medicine, with scant attention to "caring" aspects of doctoring. Students struggle to learn medicine and to maintain a humanistic or patient-oriented perspective, but the social environment of medical training militates against humanistic doctoring. Toward the end of medical school, students undergo a transformation by adopting the medical-clinical perspective and shifting their identification from patients to doctors. The doctors who maintain a humanistic orientation to medical care appear to be individuals who had developed this orientation before they arrived at medical school. Thus, to increase the number of humanistic physicians, the best strategy may be to alter medical school recruitment and selection policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction to this special issue of the Journal expands the scope of research on "the sociology of medical education" to include studies of the institutions in which physicians are trained as well as studies of the socialization of the physician throughout the life cycle. Research since the 1960s is reviewed briefly and the papers in this issue are discussed. Studies of the macropolitics and micropolitics of academic medicine are called for as well as comparative analyses of the settings in which physicians are trained and research on the relative effects on physicians' attitudes and behavior of different sets of experiences, professional and nonprofessional, over the course of their life cycle-all in the context of massive changes in the organization of health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]