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Morphological variation of the South American lizard genus Kentropyxis discussed, with particular emphasis on the Amazonian distributed calcarata species group. Ecological and zoogeographical data are analyzed. Analysis of geographic variation of meristic characters, in con- junction with color and striping pattern variation, supports the recognition of three Amazonian species of Kentropyx with small dorsal scales. A dramatic morphological change is noted for Ken- tropyx calcarata, and it is suggested that the morphological divergence might be an example of character displacement.