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This paper is an investigation of attempts at endogenization and indigenization in the history of sociology in Japan. The author begins by presenting a short history of Japanese sociology. While the issues of endogenization and indigenization had been raised in the 1910s, imperialism and the militarization of the Emperor state and society blocked this form of development. Japanese social sciences have thus mainly followed the model of Western social sciences. The issue of indigenization gained attention after World War II and especially after the late 1960s, which was a time of reflection on the extreme influence of American sociology. In this context, this paper investigates the development of Kazuko Tsurumi's sociology, which is one of the best examples of work that deals with the issue of indigenization. Tsurumi analyzes social change from pre‐World War II to post‐World War II Japan by drawing on sociological functionalism. However, Tsurumi suggests that Kunio Yanagita's theory of folklore and ethnology provides a stronger explanatory framework than functionalism, and contends that Kumagusu Minaka has developed an approach rooted in East Asia. Tsurumi advances this indigenous development theory based on the work of Yanagita and Minakata, and at the same time internationalizes this theory. This paper concludes that Tsurumi's theory is an important medium between Western sociology and Eastern sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides gudelines for authors who want to contribute in social and cultural phenomena through their articles for the publication in the journal "Journal of Social History (JHS)." A JHS article will say something substantial and new about its empirical subject matter and will be of interest to readers beyond a specialist geographical or disciplinary audience. These guidelines brief up on the format of paper submission, the length of articles, refereeing, the possibility of acceptance of the paper. The contributions should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 100 words, and a brief biographical note including institutional affiliation. Articles should normally be no longer than 10,000 words or 35 double-spaced standard north American letter-size pages. The contributions that are wished to be considered further after being edited, will only be sent to the external referees, and once the papers have been finally accepted, the full final text has to be sent by the authors. There are few guidelines on production and the copyright also to be taken care of by contributors.

The article presents instructions for authors for submitting manuscripts for publication in the periodical "The Journal of Historical Sociology." Four copies of the manuscript should be sent to the responsible editors. All contributions should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 100 words, and a brief biographical note including institutional affiliation. Once a paper has been accepted for publication, authors must provide publishers with a final text that strictly conforms to the guidelines provided in the article.

This article provides guidelines for the authors who contributes to the "The Journal of Historical Sociology (JHS)." A typical JHS article will contain little by way of extended literature review , will say something substantial and new about its empirical subject-matter, will be aware of the theoretical implications of its topic without turning into an abstruse discussion of pure theory, and will be of interest to readers beyond a specialist geographical or disciplinary audience. About paper submission, four copies of the manuscript should be sent to the responsible editors . All contributions should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 100 words, and a brief biographical note including institutional affiliation. These should each be typed on separate sheets. Unsolicited manuscripts cannot be returned. Articles should normally be no longer than 10,000 words or 35 double-spaced standard north American letter-size page; review essays or "Issues and Agendas" pieces no more than 6,000 words. Longer submissions will be considered on their merits, but their chances of acceptance are much less. Submissions are first read by responsible editors, and may be rejected without further review.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how racially gendered classed power-relations structure history, knowledge and American Sociology's historical memory and disciplinary knowledge production. In order to do so, this paper will 1) utilize Cabral's (1970) theory of history to center humanity as historically developed into a racially gendered classed capitalist world-system, 2) employ intersectionality as a heuristic device to see how knowledge is manipulated to normalize dehumanization as well as to perpetuate exploitation and privilege by denying ' Othered' ' knowledges, and lastly 3) sociologically imagine this racially gendered classed process in the 'institutional-structure' of American Sociology by exploring the ancestry of the concept of 'intersectionality.' In all this paper argues 1) American Sociology under theorizes history, a central aspect of the sociological imagination and production of new sociological knowledge, 2) American Sociology reproduces a dehumanized theory of history per Marx's 'historical materialism' and 3) the structure of American Sociology's knowledge is racially gendered classed, as illustrated in the collective memory of the concept of 'intersectionality.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The articles provides information to prospective authors about the editorial policy, and the kind of articles that are published in the "Journal of Historical Sociology." The "Journal of Historical Sociology" (JHS) was founded in 1988 on the conviction that historical and social studies have a common subject-matter. The journal welcomes articles that contribute to the historically grounded understanding of social and cultural phenomena, whatever their disciplinary provenance or theoretical standpoint. It is open as to topic, period, and place, and seek to be as international as possible in both the content and the authorship of articles. Alongside articles, it carries occasional essays on "Schools and Scholars" and of "Review and Commentary," and shorter pieces in the "Issues and Agendas" section which are designed deliberately to provoke. A typical JHS article will contain little by way of extended literature review, will say something substantial and new about its empirical subject-matter, will be aware of the theoretical implications of its topic without turning into an abstruse discussion of pure theory, and will be of interest to readers beyond a specialist geographical or disciplinary audience.

The article presents guidelines for authors who wish to contribute articles to the coming issues of "The Journal of Historical Sociology." Four copies of the manuscript should be sent to the responsible editor. All contributions should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 100 words, and a brief biographical note including institutional affiliation. These should each be typed on separate sheets. Unsolicited manuscripts cannot be returned. Submissions are first read by responsible editors, and may be rejected without further review. Those wished to consider further will then be sent to external referees. The journal aims to give authors a decision within fours months, though people cannot guarantee always to do so. That decision may be a conditional or unconditional acceptance, a rejection, or an invitation to revise and resubmit. Once a paper has been accepted for publication, one must provide a final text that strictly conforms to the guidelines. Papers that do not meet these guidelines will be returned to authors for correction.

Critiqued as being a-historical, current social movement theorists argue for a more dynamic, theoretical model that focuses on processes within historical contexts (). This paper seeks to apply existing social movement theory on framing to the historically, embedded case of the American abolitionist movement. Specifically, this paper analyzes the influence of the adopted religious masterframe of the abolitionist movement on the trajectory of the movement through a case study of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). Prior to the Civil War, the good versus evil framework encouraged by the religious masterframe effectively mobilized movement followers against slavery. However, with Emancipation and the onset of the muddled political environment of Reconstruction, the religious masterframe no longer resonated well with the changed context or mustered the same degree of support. Attempts to alter the masterframe to a rights-based masterframe compromised the integrity of the movement’s framing process. Ultimately, the movement dissolved, unable to remedy their collective action frame with the new political reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of the public sphere and public space have gained increasing purchase within social history. This paper contributes to this literature by theoretically developing a critical approach to both concepts. By drawing upon the insights of the Bakhtin circle, as well as Marxism and Poststructuralism, the paper suggests that public spheres under capitalism are structured through the basic contradiction between capital and labour. Each public sphere may then be seen as a refracted dialogic and spatial form of this basic contradiction, and is then best viewed as a contradictory spatial entity that obtains its unique identity through different “accents” and “word signs”. The capitalist state must aim to regulate, through governance and law, dialogue within a public sphere. By focusing on the Chartist demonstration at Hyde Park, London in 1855, I show how these theories can be employed to explore how a radical social movement appropriated space by developing a working class public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings together recently developed perspectives m science studies and the historical sociology of state formation. It focuses on how scientific and government practices together construct the relationalities, identities, natures, and material environments of the bodies that constitute the modern state. The paper argues that the modem state is an effect of these practices, a techno- scientific political formation in which political government and scientific practice are woven together in a heterogeneous yet definitive network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information about the "Journal of Historical Sociology," including editorial policy on submission of articles.

Presents an introduction to the September 1, 2003 issue of "Journal of Historical Sociology."

The Journal of Historical Sociology (JHS) was founded in 1988 on the conviction that historical and social studies have a common subject matter. It welcomes articles that contribute to the historically grounded understanding of social and cultural phenomena, whatever their disciplinary provenance or theoretical standpoint. The journal is open to topic, period and place and seek to be as international as possible in both the content and the authorship of articles. Alongside articles, it carries occasional essays on "Schools and Scholars" and of "Review and Commentary," and shorter pieces in the "Issues and Agendas" section which are designed deliberately to provoke. A typical JHS article will contain little by way of extended literature review, will say something substantial and new about its empirical subject-matter, will be aware of the theoretical implications of its topic without turning into an abstruse discussion of pure theory and will be of interest to readers beyond a specialist geographical or disciplinary audience.

This paper explores the way Soviet party and education officials dealt with female youth sexuality, in an effort to get it under control in order to ensure that Soviet girls grew up to be productive members of Soviet society. Many of the policies enacted by the regime reflected profound social conservatism of the majority of the top political leadership of the country and their great fear of youth, and particularly female, sexuality, as a force that could not be overcome, controlled or fully harnessed for the service of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the embodied remembrance of Bloody Sunday (1972), when thirteen civilians were shot dead by British soldiers while peacefully marching against internment. The work of Paul Connerton represents a crucial analytical starting point in a growing number of studies examining the body as site of memory. While Connnerton's theorisation has been very influential and persuasive, I argue that there is some scope for improving his ideas about the changeability of bodily memory and the Bloody Sunday case represents an interesting empirical example of how embodied remembrance reflects and responds to transformations in the wider socio-political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Why be quantitative?' Harold D. Lasswell asked that question several decades ago. His answer was: to take advantage of the rigor and precision that comes with quantification. Since then, quantification has spread across social science disciplines, putting qualitative approaches on the defensive. This paper examines the practices of quantitative sociologists m their study of historical processes. Much ritualism is found in those practices; much rhetoric m quantification. Alas, Lasswell's good intentions seem to have gone lost m a ritual called 'hypothesis testing.' The author reflects critically upon his own practices and on the forms of quantification and the strategies of explanations that he has adopted, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay examines how the academic discipline of social medicine was founded in Britain in the 1940s as a political mission The original conception of social medicine was built upon a collection of beliefs about the nature of science and medicine which were shared by various branches of the profession who identified with diverse social values. The synthesis of ideas that created the discipline, however, were integrated into a specifically left-wing philosophy of social reform. This medicine of society for society emerged from the politics of science, ethics and society m the Second World War. As an expression of scientific humanism social medicine aimed to fulfil the ethical dictates of the modem evolutionary synthesis and be part of the rising tide of corporate welfarism. The paper concentrates on how its intellectual founder, John Ryle, believed this could be achieved by changing clinical medicine into a new discipline of holistic socio-biology of health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial search for a way to bridge the gap between human experience (both past and present) and academic discourse has produced an impressive array of theoretical perspectives and research strategies. However, despite attempts to depict the relationship between the self and other, few have considered the impact of native scholarship on the construction of knowledge. This paper examines Mennonite and Jewish scholarly efforts to represent and/or invent their own particular traditions and proposes that their frequent appeals to particularistic sentiments, which often offend academic sensibilities, raise crucial questions and offer unique insights into historical and sociological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares British and French representations of caste in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a formative period in the development of sociology and social anthropology in the two countries. The concepts of 'nature' and 'culture' in the two sociological traditions are examined with respect to their analyses of caste. The two discourses are also analyzed in relation to their respective colonial histories and national political cultures during this epocho [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper answers the question, 'what is the state?' as posed in Abrams (1988) and Denis (1989), by examining Sayer's (1987) realist reconception of 'relations of production' and their 'ideal superstructures'. It suggests that Sayer's alternative to 'traditional' marxism warrants a reappraisal of the relationship between Marx and Foucault. It concludes that 'civil society' and 'the state' are Janus-faces of production relations, generated by Foucault's 'disciplinary practices'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Abd al‐Rahman Ibn Khaldun (1332‐1406), the founder of the science of society, became known to modern sociologists during the formative period of sociology, that is, the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. There was something of a reception of Ibn Khaldun in Europe at that time by sociologists and other scholars who were not necessarily involved with Islamic or West Asian studies. In fact, the reception of Ibn Khaldun by modern scholars in the West can be differentiated into Eurocentric or Orientalist as opposed to more disciplinary attitudes. While much has been said about the Eurocentric reception of Ibn Khaldun, less is discussed about the disciplinary approach to Ibn Khaldun among thinkers who wrote when the modern science of sociology was emerging in Europe. This special issue on Ibn Khaldun in the Formative Period of Sociology provides English translations of six articles originally written in Italian, French, German, Polish, Spanish and Turkish between 1896 and 1934. Not all of these articles were written by sociologists. Together, they provide some background as to how Ibn Khaldun was conceived of in non‐area studies circles, in the social sciences and humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides guidelines for authors who want to contribute to social and cultural phenomena through their articles for the publication in the journal "Journal of Social History (JHS)." Articles that contribute to the historically-grounded understanding of human societies, whatever their disciplinary provenance or theoretical standpoint, will be welcomed for this journal. These guidelines brief up on the format of paper submission, presentation on the terms of the length and style of the article, references, the possibility of acceptance of the paper. The contributions should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 100 words, and a brief biographical note including institutional affiliation. Articles should normally be no longer than 10,000 words or 35 double-spaced standard north American letter-size pages. The contributions that are wished to be considered further after being edited, will only be sent to the external referees, and once the papers have been finally accepted, the full final text has to be sent by the authors. There are few guidelines on production and the copyright also to be taken care of by contributors.

Since it was framed 20 years ago, Syed Farid Alatas's theory of academic dependence has made a long‐lasting impact within the global social science field, and has elevated the previous discussion on academic dependence. In this essay, we critically examine his theory of academic dependence with an original dataset that contains 22 top sociology institutions in East Asia, including China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We further engage the data, and theory within the global higher education ranking system, a theme that had not yet emerged when he framed his theory of academic dependence. Our findings suggest that (1) higher rankings do not create job opportunities for locally trained PhDs; (2) emphasis on the number of publications is still prevalent; (3) adopting the standards set up by the ranking agency re‐enforces the existing global division of academic labor. Overall, sociology in these societies after 20 years is now more dependent, rather than autonomous from, the Western academic center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic dependency theory has attracted increasing attention in academia in the last two decades, especially during the last decade. Syed Farid Alatas, a Singapore‐Malaysia based sociologist, has contributed significantly to the popularization of the idea of academic dependency through theorizing and foregrounding the conditions of dependency in Western‐dominated knowledge production and the global division of academic labor. The growing importance of this idea as applied in Asian contexts is however inseparable from the reconfiguration of the world‐systems in which Asia and especially China have achieved great advancement economically and otherwise. In line with this transformation, we have seen an enhanced effort in Asia and the Global South towards decolonization and indigenization in educational and academic domains. We have therefore organized this special issue to engage critically with Alatas's theory and to rethink the status quo of dependency, decolonization and indigenization in Asia, particularly East Asia, in response to a new development in global and local higher education and research. To close our discussion, we call for an action‐based initiative to address and transform the circumstances of dependency and for more genuine global collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel notes on Anatolia written in Turkey until the 1950's represent Anatolia as terra incognita. Anatolia becomes invisible through the values attributed to community relationships and the statements about the sameness of the rural area. Invisibility here is a syndrome of modernity, which based on positivist epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'évolution pédagogique en France, is one of the major instances of Durkheim's research, and has long remained in the shadows even among the specialists. The author proposes to reconsider its importance, as it brings about a series of discoveries concerning the very category of the school, and its farsighted sociological views on the relationship between education and society. Durkheim's analysis proves that schools have the result of singular intellectual invention and reinvention, at the core of which lie, the overlapping intersections of knowing, thinking and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the author's views on modernity. Centrality of time in the experience of modernity; Review of some key critical texts; Connection of modernity to modernization.

Critics of the current national citizenship models argue that, although it rests on claims to be inclusionary and universal, it can never eliminate exclusionary and particularistic practices when challenged by those identities excluded from the historical trajectory of“nation building.” Turkish citizenship has been a form of anomalous amalgamation since its conception. On the one hand, the state insisted on the pre-emptive exclusion of religion and various communal cultural identities from politics, while, on other hand, it promoted a particular religious identity primarily as a means of promoting cultural and social solidarity among its citizens. Contemporary Alevi movements, representing the interests of a large minority in Turkey, provide a new source of energy for the revision of concepts of citizenship. Alevis have suffered from prejudice, and their culture has been arrested and excluded from the nation building process. They were not able to integrate into the form of national identity based on the “secular” principles that the republican state has provided as a means of promoting solidarity among citizens. What Alevis seek is a revised citizenship model in terms of a system of rights assuring the condition of neutrality among culturally diverse individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines official policy discourses on sex within the health education curriculum of schools during the period 1928–77. The article begins with an account of the origins of sex education in schools, and of why, in the early twentieth century, its inclusion in the health education curriculum was problematical. In the main section, the article examines the content of consecutive editions of the government published “handbooks of health education”, and of an important supplementary guidance pamphlet, published during the Second World War. It traces the gradual shifts over time in official discourses of “sex education”, and in the sets of understandings about children, sexuality and the role of parents, for example, which underlay them. The shifts in official guidance discourses on sex within the health education curriculum of schools are explained through locating changes in their broader social and political contexts, especially the impact of the Second World War on sexual morality and the post-war emergence of youth as a significant social grouping. The article concludes by evaluating the handbooks as a source for the history of school-based health and sex education and by drawing attention to the wider historical and sociological significance of official discourses on sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is informed that "State" was not a common term of argument in eighteenth-century Britain. The recent rise to popularity of the term "civil society" - sometimes defined as the institutions which mediate between the citizen and the "state"-- adds a new category to the analytical stockpile; its appearance has probably tended to narrow the range of uses people wish to make of the term "state." Approaching the eighteenth century with nineteenth-century debates in mind, historians have often been preoccupied with the eighteenth-century balance between "centre" and "locality." However, the author opines that this was not an eighteenth-century issue-- at least not quite in those terms. Related issues which were sensitive concerned the exercise of arbitrary power; infringement of chartered or personal rights; use of patronage to build up power blocs; and capture of institutions by parties. But these abuses were objectionable by whomsoever perpetrated. One of the complications confronting anyone who tries to explore the workings of eighteenth-century English government is that England was only one of the territories over which crown and parliament ruled. It is clear that the "state" which framed governance and politics in the various kingdoms and other dependencies of the British crown was a structurally complex entity, operating within a variety of political cultures.

This essay examines existing sociological explanations of the development of the central surveillance of citizens in the light of the English experience, and finds them wanting. Sociologists see the state using surveillance for the benefit of capitalist elites, to reimpose social control over the “society of strangers” created by industrialisation. But surveillance pre-dated industrialisation, and the development of information gathering by state elites had more to do with their own need to preserve their position both within the English polity, and international geo-politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the Israeli case, the article questions the validity of the Western liberal model according to which (civil) "society" and "state" are two separate entities, the state ostensibly existing outside the society and imposing its will on it. Covering five distinct historical periods, from the beginning of the century until the present, and utilizing Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, the article surveys one of Israel's core myths, if not the core itself, that of the pioneer ( halutz ). The result exposes an intriguing system of domination, which is based on intensive activity and responsiveness of the population, and on a blurred distinction between the rulers and the ruled, between objects and subjects, and between state and society. Because of the existence of this system of domination it is difficult to talk about Israel in terms of a despotic state; hence also the obstacle to the constitution of a civil society in Israel. For this is effectively a hegemonic system of domination, which repels all social change by its ability to absorb any innovation and shape its meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author looks at one example of the construction of an anthropological object, Brazilian Amazonia, arguing that regardless of one's sympathies in relation to the textualist sea-change, the anthropological other long depicted as characteristic of the region is a mystified entity whose character is sustained by a set of representations which poorly match the evidence. As this was true before the sea-change as well as after it, it is argued that the reflexivist demands for reassessment of the rhetoric of anthropology are on one hand premature and on the other hand too late. In order to characterize the present it may be useful to look at the past, and in what follows, using the quincentenary as a marker, the author reviews some aspects of the creation of modern Amazonia as an anthropological object. In the case of Amazonia, the quincentenary had a special poignance, for it marked, roughly, not only a chance for self-serving/jingoistic recapitulations of the history of Conquest according to the victors, but also an opportunity for reinvention of the Conquest: Amazonia is now the centrepiece of a new class of commercial/ecological discourse in which the verdant properties of the region, so disappointing to early conquerers satisfied with nothing less than, are championed as vital and threatened global resources.

This article describes rates and modes of intergenerational social mobility among the middle sort of people, using data derived from analysis of a sample of British autobiographical texts from the period 1600-1750. It adduces evidence indicating a strong propensity for social reproduction between generations within the group, and accounts for this propensity by looking at the ways in which individuals pursued careers throughout their lifetimes. The article shows how a network of social association comprised largely of family and effective kin was the decisive factor in making a career, and how the basic framework of this network rarely extended beyond a person's native social-cultural milieu. I conclude that because the network was so limited, there was little opportunity for significant social mobility among the middle sort in early modem Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the characterization of Zionism as a colonial project is probably as old as the Zionist movement, as a specific scholarly sociological perspective in Israeli academia it was formulated only lately, in the wake of the Six Day War of 1967. This article outlines the contours of this new perspective, its theoretical assumptions and its political implications. It examines the historical circumstances which propelled its emergence, and than discerns two distinct sub-trends in it: Weberian and Marxist. Throughout are explored three distinct comparative issues: a comparison of the colonization perspective to other perspectives in Israeli sociology, especially the 'dualist perspective': a comparison of the case of Israel with other colonization cases, such as the U.S.A.: and a comparison of the two sub-trends in the perspective itself to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution is an outline of the life, work and scientific impact of the Leipzig cultural historian Karl Lamprecht (1856-1915); Lamprecht's work was very controversial within German historiography at the turn of the century. He was accused of writing history from a materialist viewpoint. Among his international contemporaries, however, Lamprecht was held in high esteem. There are divergent evaluations of the consequences of his methodological and substantive suggestions in the inter-war era, in the era of the Third Reich, and later in the two German states which emerged after 1945. The article tries to highlight some lines of continuity which point especially to the regional historiography and to the sociology of the 1920s and 1930s. From there a connection with the social historiography after 1945 may be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that much recent writing on the development of the ideology of domesticity within the working class and the role in this of struggles for protective legislation suffers from undue neglect of class interests in the construction of family life. As a contribution to a fuller account of the interaction of class and gender concerns, a case study is presented of the analysis of the family, gender and laissezfaire capitalism contained in the writing of Richard Oastler, a leading figure in the British Ten Hours Movement of the 1830s and 1840s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first section of this article gives a short outline of Weber's view on socialism, communism and the Russian Revolution. It is argued that Soviet communism is neither traditional nor neotraditional, neither charismatic in the sense of the genuine, personal charisma of its leaders, nor rational in the sense of a maximum of formal rationality. It is suggested that another Weberian category, one which until now has received only limited attention - the charisma of reason - overcomes several of the difficulties in which previous analyses have got entangled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deciphers the views of the German thirteenth century preacher Berthold yon Regensburg about 'social nature' as they are demonstrated in his sermon 'Of the five talents'. Berthold von Regensburg interprets the Gospel parable (Matthew, 25: 14-30) quite freely, in accordance with the social realities of his own time. The 'talents' given by God to the human being are their personalities, social vocations, or offices, life-time, wealth, and love to their neighbours. Such an interpretation of the sacral text in the sermon read in a big South German town seems to be a kind of reflection of the burghers' mentality. The hypothesis finds its further confirmation in other sermons in which he enumerates the professional groups of that society; this analysis is clearly town-oriented. A fuller context for this text is provided in the author's own work especially 'Questions of Philosophy' Voprosi Philosophii (Moskva, 1990) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on homosexuality. One of the most exciting frontiers to emerge out of the movement for lesbian and gay liberation has been new lesbian/gay history projects in North America, Europe and some parts of the Third World. In many countries grassroots networks of lesbians and gays are piecing together histories. Three major international conferences addressing lesbian/gay history took place in the 1980s. These history movements, with all their limitations, have radically transformed the knowledge and analysis of history, sociology and sexuality. People began to look at history and sexuality in a very different way that challenged dominant traditions of history which presumed heterosexuality to be normal and natural. As in other movements sexism, misogyny and differences between men and women have produced tensions and splits. In other areas as well unitary categories of homosexuality and lesbianism have been shattered by careful explorations of class, race, disability and sexual practice differences within the lesbian and gay communities. Sexual experiences and social regulation are criss-crossed by other social differences.

The article presents information on sociologist Norbert Elias and debates his works related to sociology. The theme which recurs In all of his works is the relation of individuals and society. In the elucidation of which he draws on his knowledge of medicine. He considers it significant that, in contrast to animals, human beings possess among other things variable facial muscles including the "Risus sardonicus" which permit them to engage In prolonged communication with their own kind relying only on facial expression. Such expression reactivates Inborn social patterns. The idea that he does not exist Independently of other people and that the wall which divides the rousing of emotions and the movement of facial muscles and body gestures has been created by patterns of civilization was beginning to emerge In Elias, although not until fifteen years later did it take concrete shape In his scientific work. Due to notions of this kind, he was to encounter difficulties with his doctoral dissertation under the Neo-Kantian scholar R. Honigswald.

The article focuses on the difficulty of studying the state as described by the author. The state is not the reality which stands behind the mask of political practice. It is itself the mask which prevents seeing political practice as it is. Political sociology, springs from the separation of the political--and more especially the state--from the social. It is constructed as an attempt to give a social account of the state with the latter envisaged as a concrete political agency or structure distinct from the social agencies and structures of the society in which it operates, acting on them and acted on by them. The everyday life of politics suggests forcibly that the conception of the state offered in Marxism and political sociology is, well-founded. The difficulty of studying the state can be seen as in part a result of the nature of the state, but in an equally large part must be seen as a result of the predispositions of its students. The state comes into being as a structuration within political practice, it starts its life as an implicit construct, it is then reified and acquires an overt symbolic identity progressively divorced from practice as an illusory account of practice.

The article examines the production of effects of truth and power in both official and popular historical discourses in Mexico and demonstrates how representations of the past configure the imagining of community. All histories, whether spoken or written, are produced in an encounter between hermeneutics and a field of social action which is symbolically constituted, even though at the time of the action, the meanings embedded in practice may not be clearly or fully evident to the consciousness of actors. Representations of the past, whether professional or popular, printed or spoken, are defined as specific sorts of performances or texts through a series of framing devices. The way such reconstructions are framed configures their truth value by bringing into play the ideologically constituted status of different forms of knowledge. The discussion of the ideological constitution of histories will be limited to the role of ideology in the creation of retroactive reconstructions of social practice.

The article presents views of authors on history and sociology. History and sociology are and always have been the same thing, both seek to understand the puzzle of human agency and both seek to do so in terms of the process of social structuring. Within sociology itself, historical approaches have found favor across substantive fields as varied as law and crime, education, state formation, and sexuality. Within Marxist sociology, there has been a clear move away from the formalistic and historical frameworks of analysis which were so influential in the 1970s. There has been a resurgence of work on the large-scale historical and comparative questions which lay at the foundations of classical sociology in the 19th century. Concurrently, many historians have moved toward more sociological concerns. Again, this is evidenced in quite diverse ways. Sociological history is no more a monolith than historical sociology. Attention to the historicity of social phenomena, and the social relations of historical events, is shared by people.

The article focuses on the confrontation between the Tswana of Southern Africa and Britishers, the nonconformists of the London and Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Societies. The author has traced out a colonial encounter when two systems of meaning and action, one imperial and expansive and other local and defensive begin to engage with one another reaction, and in the expressive manipulation of language. The interplay, of course, was between two parties of incommensurate power, this being reflected in the fact that the evangelists were acutely aware of their capacity to make history. Self-evidently, colonial conquest is much more than a reflex of processes material and military, political and economic, processes now thoroughly apparent. By such humble means did the first colonial agents structure the looking-glass world of the frontier, in which the European imagination projected itself onto alien ground so as to claim that ground as part of itself. By equally humble means did the native inhabitants of this world express their misgivings, foreshadowing their complex reactions to their state of colonization.

Susan Reynolds defines medieval state as an organization of human society within a more or less fixed area in which the ruler or governing body more or less successfully controls the legitimate use of physical force. It is opined that the English state is not problematic historically or historiographically; taken as a given and a norm. There is a powerful tradition of constitutional and administrative history of central power, underpinned by abundance of state records. There is in no way one can deny the remarkable precociousness of "the English state;" indeed that precociousness might appear even more stunning in a comparative context. But even in England, one would do well to bring the study of the "state" into a broader arena of the discussion of power generally, in a social, economic, ideological and cultural as well as governmental context. It is deliberated whether the indiscriminate usage of the term "state" might side-step the issue of where power really lies in a decentralized society.

The Journal of Historical Sociology is founded on the conviction that historical and social studies ultimately have a common subject-matter, and can only benefit from the interchange of ideas and perspectives. The editorial staff welcome articles that contribute to the historically-grounded understanding of human societies, whatever their disciplinary provenance or theoretical standpoint. Six copies of the manuscript should be sent to Leon Zamose, Department of Sociology, University of California. All contributions should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 100 words, and a brief biographical note including institutional affiliation. Authors should write in plain English, and bear in mind that this is an interdisciplinary journal. Readers might appreciate more explanation, for instance, of certain technical terms than might be required elsewhere. The use of masculine forms as universals will be edited out. Articles are read by Managing Editors and outside referees, and once provisionally accepted for publication may still be returned to the author for approval and implementation of editorial suggestions and criticisms.

The Journal of Historical Sociology (JHS) was founded in 1988 on the conviction that historical and social studies have a common subject matter and can only benefit from the interchange of ideas and perspectives. It welcomes articles that contribute to the historically-grounded understanding of human societies, whatever their disciplinary provenance or theoretical standpoint. The journal is open to different topic area, period and place and seeks to be as international as possible in both the content and the authorship of articles. Alongside articles presenting the results of original research, it carry essays of "Review and Commentary," on "Schools and Scholars" and shorter pieces which aim to provoke discussion and debate within and across disciplines. JHS strongly encourages contributors to peruse the Journal from 1(1) 1988 to date to see the intended audience and to connect with ongoing themes, arguments and evidence. Authors are requested to assign copyright to Blackwell Publishers, subject to retaining their right to reuse the material in other publications written or edited by themselves and due to be published after initial publication in the JHS.