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Abstract In this study, Levinson-type inequalities for the class of n-convex ( n ≥ 3 $n \geq 3$ ) functions are generalized using new Green functions and the Hermite interpolating polynomial involving two types of data points. Some estimations for novel functionals are derived using f-divergence. Furthermore, different inequalities involving Shannon entropies are presented.

Abstract In this paper, four new Green functions are used to generalize Levinson-type inequalities for the class of 3-convex functions. The f-divergence, Renyi entropy, Renyi divergence, Shannon entropy, and the Zipf–Mandelbrot law are also used to apply the main results to information theory.

Abstract In this paper, Csiszár f-divergence via diamond integral is introduced and some inequalities related to Csiszár f-divergence involving diamond integrals are presented. Some examples are presented for different divergence measures by fixing time scales. Some divergence measures are estimated in terms of logarithmic, identric, geometric, and arithmetic means. The obtained results generalize some known results in the literature and provide new bounds for some divergence measures in q-calculus.

Abstract The paper generalizes Shannon-type inequalities for diamond integrals. It includes two-dimensional Hölder’s inequality and Cauchy–Schwartz’s inequality, which help to prove weighted Grüss’s inequality for diamond integrals. Jensen’s inequality and Grüss’s inequality are used to provide Shannon-type inequalities for diamond integrals. Shannon-type inequalities for multiple integrals are also part of the discussion. Moreover, many distributions are deduced from the main results, and new bounds are obtained.

Abstract In the current paper, a generalized Montgomery identity is obtained with the help of Taylor’s formula on time scales. The obtained identity is used to establish Ostrowski inequality, mid-point inequality, and trapezoid inequality. Moreover, the weighted versions of generalized Montgomery identity and respective Ostrowski inequality are also discussed. Special cases are obtained for different time scales to obtain new and existing results.

Abstract Hermite’s interpolation is utilized to establish a new generalization of an inequality for higher order convex functions containing Csiszár divergence on time scales. New entropic bounds in q-calculus and h-discrete calculus are also deduced. Some estimates for Zipf–Mandelbrot entropy are also given.

Abstract The main purpose of the presented paper is to obtain some time scale inequalities for different divergences and distances by using weighted time scales Jensen’s inequality. These results offer new inequalities in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus and extend some known results in the literature. The lower bounds of some divergence measures are also presented. Moreover, the obtained discrete results are given in the light of the Zipf–Mandelbrot law and the Zipf law.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to establish new generalized fractional versions of the Hadamard and the Fejér–Hadamard integral inequalities for harmonically convex functions. Fractional integral operators involving an extended generalized Mittag-Leffler function which are further generalized via a monotone increasing function are utilized to get these generalized fractional versions. The results of this paper give several consequent fractional inequalities for harmonically convex functions for known fractional integral operators deducible from utilized generalized fractional integral operators.

Abstract This paper is devoted to obtain generalized results related to majorization-type inequalities by using well-known Fink’s identity and new types of Green functions, introduced by Mehmood et al. (J. Inequal. Appl. 2017:108, 2017). We give a generalized majorization theorem for the class of n-convex functions. We utilize the Csiszár f-divergence and generalized majorization-type inequalities in providing the corresponding generalizations. As an application, we present the obtained results in terms of Shannon entropy and Kullback–Leibler distance.

Abstract Levinson type inequalities are generalized by using Hermite interpolating polynomial for the class of n $\mathfrak{n}$ -convex functions. In seek of application to information theory, some estimates for new functional are obtained based on f divergence. Inequalities involving Shannon entropies are also discussed.

Abstract In the presented paper, Levinson’s inequality for 3-convex function is generalized by using two Green’s functions. Čebyšev, Grüss, and Ostrowski-type new bounds are found for the functionals involving data points of two types. Moreover, the main results are applied to information theory via f-divergence, Rényi divergence, Rényi entropy, Shannon entropy, and Zipf–Mandelbrot law.

Abstract In the presented paper, Levinson’s inequality for the 3-convex function is generalized by using two Green functions. Čebyšev-, Grüss- and Ostrowski-type new bounds are found for the functionals involving data points of two types. Moreover, the main results are applied to information theory via the f-divergence, the Rényi divergence, the Rényi entropy, the Shannon entropy and the Zipf–Mandelbrot law.

Abstract Jensen’s inequality is important for obtaining inequalities for divergence between probability distribution. By applying a refinement of Jensen’s inequality (Horváth et al. in Math. Inequal. Appl. 14:777–791, 2011) and introducing a new functional based on an f-divergence functional, we obtain some estimates for the new functionals, the f-divergence, and Rényi divergence. Some inequalities for Rényi and Shannon estimates are constructed. The Zipf–Mandelbrot law is used to illustrate the result. In addition, we generalize the refinement of Jensen’s inequality and new inequalities of Rényi Shannon entropies for an m-convex function using the Montgomery identity. It is also given that the maximization of Shannon entropy is a transition from the Zipf–Mandelbrot law to a hybrid Zipf–Mandelbrot law.

Abstract In this paper, we formulate new Abel-Gontscharoff type identities involving new Green functions for the ‘two-point right focal’ problem. We use Fink’s identity and a new Abel-Gontscharoff-type Green’s function for a ‘two-point right focal’ to generalize the refinement of Jensen’s inequality given in (Horváth and Pečarić in Math. Inequal. Appl. 14: 777-791, 2011) from convex function to higher order convex function. Also we formulate the monotonicity of the linear functional obtained from these identities using the recent theory of inequalities for n-convex function at a point. Further we give the bounds for the identities related to the generalization of the refinement of Jensen’s inequality using inequalities for the Cebyšev functional. Some results relating to the Grüss and Ostrowski-type inequalities are constructed.

Abstract Fractional inequalities are useful in establishing the uniqueness of solution for partial differential equations of fractional order. Also they provide upper and lower bounds for solutions of fractional boundary value problems. In this paper we obtain some general integral inequalities containing generalized Mittag-Leffler function and some already known integral inequalities have been produced as special cases.

The Publisher has retracted this article [1]. Owing to an administrative error it was published without the amendments made by the authors at the proof stage. A second version of the article with the authors’ amendments that should remain in the literature is [2]. The Publisher apologises to the authors and to readers for this error. All authors agree with this retraction.