Search

Introduction: Members of the Corynebacterium cystitidis species are usually isolated from kidney and urine of cow having pyelonephritis. Nevertheless, we have isolated Corynebacterium cystitidis for the first time from uterus of camels, extending the type of mammalian host for this species. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether there are significant genetic variations between strains isolated from different host species and anatomic sites. In this perspective, we investigated the genomic diversity of Corynebacterium cystitidis species, whose pan genome remain unexplored to date. Methodology: Thus, we sequenced and compared the genomes of five Corynebacterium cystitidis of camel origin and a public genome of cow associated Corynebacterium cystitidis. Results: Results revealed open pan genome of 4,038 gene clusters and horizontal gene transfer played a role in the extensive genetic diversity. Further, we found an obvious distinction between cow and camel associated C. cystitidis via phylogenomic analysis and by average nucleotide identity value of 95% between the two distant lineages and > 99% within camel associated C. cystitidis strains. Moreover, our data supports the hypothesis that the gene repertoire of cow associated Corynebacterium cystitidis developed so as to become more adaptable to the urine milieu. These genetic potentials are specifically evident for genes required for benzoate breakdown, iron transport, citrate and alanine utilization. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the differentiation of strains into camel lineage and cow lineage. These different niches, comprising the uterus of camel and urinary tract of cow probably played a role in shaping the gene repertoire of strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The tick Hyalomma dromedarii is predominant in camels of Saudi Arabia and harbor multiple pathogens causing disease in humans and animals. Knowing the bacterial community of ticks is crucial for surveillance of known and newly emerging pathogens. Yet, the bacteriome of H. dromedarii remain unexplored to date. Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, we used V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of 62 whole H. dromedarii tick samples collected from camels found in Hofuf city in Saudi Arabia. Results: Sequencing results yielded 217 species incorporated into 114 genera, which in turn belong to the dominant phylum Proteobacteria (98%) followed by Firmicutes (1.38%), Actinobacteria (0.36%), Bacteroidetes (0.17%), meanwhile the phyla Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and unclassified bacteria were rarely detected. Francisella endosymbiont dominated the bacteriome of H. dromedarii ticks with average abundance of 94.37% and together with Salincoccus sp. accounted for 94.51% of the average sequences. The remaining bacteriome consisted of low abundance of potential pathogens and environmental bacteria. Of these pathogens, we found Helicobacter pylori in the tick H. dromedarii for the first time. Notably, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia pathogens known to be found in H. dromedarii ticks were not detected. Conclusion: This first preliminary study advances our knowledge about the bacterial community of H. dromedarii ticks and provides a basis for pathogen surveillance and studying the influences of symbionts on vector competence. Presence of pathogens in ticks, raise concerns about potential transmission of these agents to humans or animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the phenotypic and genotypic relatedness of 17 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius isolates recovered from sheep abscesses in Khartoum state, Sudan, during the period 2007-2008. Methodology: This sample was characterised using antibiogram typing, biochemical typing with the commercial PhenePlate system (PhP-CS) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: Low levels of resistance were noted to the 11 antimicrobial agents tested. All the isolates corresponded to a single PhP type, and to a single, novel, multilocus sequence type, designated ST1464. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the vast majority of cases of sheep abscess disease in Khartoum state are caused by a single novel clone of S. aureus subsp. anaerobius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]