1. Enhanced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen-Specific Systemic Immune Responses in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Reversal After Recovery.
- Author
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Kumar NP, Venkataraman A, Nancy A, Moideen K, Varadarjan P, Selladurai E, Sangaralingam T, Selvam R, Thimmaiah A, Natarajan S, Ramasamy G, Hissar S, Radayam Ranganathan U, and Babu S
- Subjects
- Antigens, Viral, Chemokines, Child, Cytokines, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Humans, Immunity, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-13, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-18, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, SARS-CoV-2, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, COVID-19 complications, Communicable Diseases
- Abstract
Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents with inflammation and pathology of multiple organs in the pediatric population in the weeks following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection., Methods: We characterized the SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific cytokine and chemokine responses in children with MIS-C, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and other infectious diseases., Results: MIS-C is characterized by elevated levels of type 1 (interferon-γ, interleukin [IL] 2), type 2 (IL-4, IL-13), type 17 (IL-17), and other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in comparison to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens. Similarly, upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10 chemokines were significantly elevated in children with MIS-C in comparison to the other 2 groups. Principal component analysis based on these cytokines and chemokines could clearly distinguish MIS-C from both COVID-19 and other infections. In addition, these responses were significantly diminished and normalized 6-9 months after recovery., Conclusions: Our data suggest that MIS-C is characterized by an enhanced production of cytokines and chemokines that may be associated with disease pathogenesis., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
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