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The article discusses the fair and equitable exceptions for farming practice in plant intellectual property rights protection in Taiwan. Topics discussed include privilege of farmers in plant variety rights system, conditional exhaustion of right doctrine, and the use of legal reform adapt compulsory licensing to agricultural issues.

The article aims to assess the effectiveness of providing Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) to the plant genetic resources (PGR) of farmers' varieties in India through the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights (PPV&FR) Act. Topics discussed include the trends in the Receipt of Applications for IPR, and the difficulties encountered upon registration of farmers' varieties such as registration process, and varieties with similar characters or same denomination.

The article discusses how intellectual property rights (IPR) for plants are protected in the U.S. Plant breeders in the U.S. can protect their IPR through plant patents, plant variety protection, and utility patents. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), under the Department of Commerce, is responsible for the administration of patents, copyrights and trademarks.

The article discusses the influence of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention) on the establishment of effective plant variety protection (PVP) system. The UPOV Convention was established to encourage innovation in plant breeding. The criteria established by the UPOV Convention for the protection of plant variety are distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS).

The article discusses the issues related to intellectual property rights (IPR) in India. The author identifies the agencies and laws that oversee IPR in the country, including Intellectual Property India (IPI) administered by the Patent Office and controlled by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. An attempt to develop working relations between the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority/Registry and IPI is also presented.