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8 results on '"K. T. Story"'

1. On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Author

J. A. Sobrin, Thomas Cecil, E. V. Denison, S. S. Meyer, Kent D. Irwin, Peter A. R. Ade, W. L. Holzapfel, K. T. Story, K. Vanderlinde, A. E. Lowitz, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, Aled Jones, John E. Carlstrom, G. I. Noble, Lincoln Bryant, Jason W. Henning, T. de Haan, Ki Won Yoon, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Nathan Whitehorn, Zeeshan Ahmed, T. Natoli, N. L. Harrington, Gene C. Hilton, Robert Gardner, Amy N. Bender, Carole Tucker, Jason Gallicchio, E. M. Leitch, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, W. B. Everett, A. Foster, Adrian T. Lee, D. Howe, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, J. E. Ruhl, J. Stephen, Trupti Khaire, D. Riebel, Bradford Benson, J. F. Cliche, Joshua Montgomery, H. M. Cho, Ari Cukierman, Graeme Smecher, Z. Pan, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Matt Dobbs, K. R. Ferguson, Faustin Carter, Andrew Nadolski, Junjia Ding, Adam Anderson, M. R. Young, N. W. Halverson, Leila R. Vale, Oliver Jeong, Chao-Lin Kuo, Keith L. Thompson, John Groh, Karen Byrum, John E. Pearson, P. Paschos, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, J. Fu, A. M. Kofman, Jessica Avva, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, C. M. Posada, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, S. Guns, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, W. Quan, Erik Shirokoff, Peter S. Barry, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, H. T. Nguyen, M. Korman, and J. T. Sayre

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), White noise, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Frequency domain, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Voltage
Abstract

Frequency-domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected by a resonant filter. This scheme enables the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto sub-Kelvin stages. The current receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, uses a 68x fMux system to operate its large-format camera of $\sim$16,000 TES bolometers. We present here the successful implementation and performance of the SPT-3G readout as measured on-sky. Characterization of the noise reveals a median pair-differenced 1/f knee frequency of 33 mHz, indicating that low-frequency noise in the readout will not limit SPT-3G's measurements of sky power on large angular scales. Measurements also show that the median readout white noise level in each of the SPT-3G observing bands is below the expectation for photon noise, demonstrating that SPT-3G is operating in the photon-noise-dominated regime., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition

Published
2019
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2. Performance of Al–Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G

Author

M. Korman, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, J. E. Ruhl, H. M. Cho, Ari Cukierman, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Matt Dobbs, K. Vanderlinde, Keith L. Thompson, D. Howe, M. R. Young, Karen Byrum, Thomas Cecil, R. Basu Thakur, Erik Shirokoff, P. Paschos, Aled Jones, Peter A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, Amy N. Bender, Ki Won Yoon, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, K. T. Story, A. E. Lowitz, H. T. Nguyen, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, J. A. Sobrin, J. Stephen, Jason Gallicchio, Lincoln Bryant, Jason W. Henning, J. T. Sayre, S. S. Meyer, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Nathan Whitehorn, John E. Pearson, Peter S. Barry, N. L. Harrington, T. Natoli, Andrew Nadolski, Jessica Avva, G. I. Noble, Carole Tucker, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, Trupti Khaire, N. Huang, A. Foster, Joshua Montgomery, A. Gilbert, C. M. Posada, Bradford Benson, Robert Gardner, J. F. Cliche, Steve Kuhlmann, Gene C. Hilton, Joaquin Vieira, Chao-Lin Kuo, S. Guns, Graeme Smecher, W. B. Everett, N. W. Halverson, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, John Groh, J. Fu, E. V. Denison, W. Quan, A. M. Kofman, M. Jonas, Leila R. Vale, Adrian T. Lee, Aritoki Suzuki, Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, John E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan, E. M. Leitch, D. Riebel, Oliver Jeong, Z. Pan, K. R. Ferguson, and Adam Anderson

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Wafer, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

SPT-3G is a polarization-sensitive receiver, installed on the South Pole Telescope, that measures the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from degree to arcminute scales. The receiver consists of ten 150~mm-diameter detector wafers, containing a total of 16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers observing at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. During the 2018-2019 austral summer, one of these detector wafers was replaced by a new wafer fabricated with Al-Mn TESs instead of the Ti/Au design originally deployed for SPT-3G. We present the results of in-lab characterization and on-sky performance of this Al-Mn wafer, including electrical and thermal properties, optical efficiency measurements, and noise-equivalent temperature. In addition, we discuss and account for several calibration-related systematic errors that affect measurements made using frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition

Published
2019
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3. Impact of Electrical Contacts Design and Materials on the Stability of Ti Superconducting Transition Shape

Author

Volodymyr Yefremenko, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, A. Cukierman, Stephen S. Meyer, Peter A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, K. T. Story, Nathan Whitehorn, Faustin Carter, W. B. Everett, Erik Shirokoff, H. Nguyen, Junjia Ding, G. I. Noble, Gene C. Hilton, Jason E. Austermann, Graeme Smecher, Q. Y. Tang, Carole Tucker, Ralu Divan, M. Korman, A. M. Kofman, Alexandra S. Rahlin, J. A. Sobrin, Adam Anderson, Andrew Nadolski, I. Shirley, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, N. L. Harrington, Amy N. Bender, Ki Won Yoon, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, John E. Carlstrom, Michelle Jonas, Angelina H. Harke-Hosemann, C. S. Miller, N. W. Halverson, Oliver Jeong, Matt Dobbs, Bradford Benson, Z. Pan, A. E. Lowitz, C. L. Chang, Valentine Novosad, Adrian T. Lee, Jean Francois Cliche, Daniel Michalik, K. Vanderlinde, Gensheng Wang, Keith L. Thompson, Jason W. Henning, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Donna Kubik, Tijmen de Haan, C. M. Posada, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, John E. Pearson, Aritoki Suzuki, Thomas Cecil, J. T. Sayre, Liliana Stan, Jessica Avva, Stephen Padin, E. V. Denison, T. Natoli, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, Robitan Basu Thakur, L. J. Saunders, A. Foster, Chao-Lin Kuo, John Groh, R. N. Gannon, and M. R. Young

Subjects
Superconductivity, Reproducibility, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Scanning electron microscope, Bolometer, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical contacts, law.invention, Differential interference contrast microscopy, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Diffusion (business), Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The South Pole Telescope SPT-3G camera utilizes Ti/Au transition edge sensors (TESs). A key requirement for these sensors is reproducibility and long-term stability of the superconducting (SC) transitions. Here, we discuss the impact of electrical contacts design and materials on the shape of the SC transitions. Using scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and optical differential interference contrast microscopy, we observed the presence of unexpected defects of morphological nature on the titanium surface and their evolution in time in proximity to Nb contacts. We found direct correlation between the variations of the morphology and the SC transition shape. Experiments with different diffusion barriers between TES and Nb leads were performed to clarify the origin of this problem. We have demonstrated that the reproducibility of superconducting transitions can be significantly improved by preventing diffusion processes in the TES–leads contact areas.

Published
2018
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4. Thermal Links and Microstrip Transmission Lines in SPT-3G Bolometers

Author

Peter A. R. Ade, Faustin Carter, K. T. Story, J. S. Avva, Thomas Cecil, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, K. Vanderlinde, G. I. Noble, W. B. Everett, A. Cukierman, Q. Y. Tang, E. V. Denison, A. E. Lowitz, V. G. Yefremenko, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, Carole Tucker, K. L. Thompson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, N. W. Halverson, John E. Carlstrom, Amy N. Bender, J. A. Sobrin, Z. Pan, N. L. Harrington, Jason W. Henning, T. Natoli, Jason E. Austermann, S. S. Meyer, Kent D. Irwin, N. Whitehorn, D. Dutcher, Ralu Divan, Bradford Benson, K. W. Yoon, Graeme Smecher, A. Foster, Donna Kubik, J. F. Cliche, C. L. Kuo, Adrian T. Lee, Valentine Novosad, Andrew Nadolski, Zeeshan Ahmed, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, T. de Haan, M. Jonas, A. J. Gilbert, A. A. Stark, W. Holzapfel, Adam Anderson, J. E. Ruhl, John E. Pearson, Leila R. Vale, C. S. Miller, M. A. Dobbs, N. Huang, J. C. Groh, Aritoki Suzuki, H. Nguyen, L. J. Saunders, C. M. Posada, A. M. Kofman, I. Shirley, Daniel Michalik, O. B. Jeong, Gensheng Wang, Joaquin Vieira, Liliana Stan, Erik Shirokoff, Stephen Padin, M. Korman, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, and J. T. Sayre

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Microstrip, Computer Science::Other, law.invention, South Pole Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Dissipation factor, General Materials Science, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

In this work, we have measured the properties of membrane-suspended bolometer thermal links and microstrip transmission lines in the transition-edge sensor arrays for the third-generation camera for South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). A promising technique for controlling the end point of the release etch that defines the thermal link has been developed. We have also evaluated the microstrip loss in our detectors by measuring the optical efficiency of detectors with different lengths of microstrip line. The loss tangent is sufficiently low for the use in multi-chronic pixels for cosmic microwave background instruments like SPT-3G.

Published
2018
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5. Design and Assembly of SPT-3G Cold Readout Hardware

Author

Amy N. Bender, A. Cukierman, D. Dutcher, E. V. Denison, V. G. Yefremenko, C. M. Posada, W. B. Everett, Trupti Khaire, John E. Carlstrom, K. L. Thompson, Joaquin Vieira, Q. Y. Tang, Carole Tucker, Joshua Montgomery, A. E. Lowitz, Z. Pan, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Jason E. Austermann, K. W. Yoon, Graeme Smecher, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Valentine Novosad, J. E. Ruhl, Faustin Carter, Leila R. Vale, Y. Hori, K. M. Rotermund, K. Vanderlinde, M. A. Dobbs, Peter A. R. Ade, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, K. T. Story, Oliver Jeong, J. F. Cliche, Kent D. Irwin, Gene C. Hilton, W. L. Holzapfel, M. Korman, A. A. Stark, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, Donna Kubik, John E. Pearson, Kaori Hattori, T. Natoli, Gensheng Wang, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, John Groh, A. J. Gilbert, Jason W. Henning, Tucker Elleflot, C. L. Kuo, A. Foster, Adam Anderson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Thomas Cecil, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, L. J. Saunders, J. A. Sobrin, H. Nguyen, Jessica Avva, Nathan Whitehorn, S. S. Meyer, Stephen Padin, Masaya Hasegawa, H. Nishino, A. M. Kofman, I. Shirley, Andrew Nadolski, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, G. I. Noble, Aaron Lee, Erik Shirokoff, N. Huang, J. T. Sayre, D. Barron, N. L. Harrington, and Bradford Benson

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Upgrade, Thermal conductivity, South Pole Telescope, Planar, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business, Electrical impedance, Stripline
Abstract

The third-generation upgrade to the receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was installed at the South Pole during the 2016–2017 austral summer to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Increasing the number of detectors by a factor of 10 to ∼16,000 \ud ∼16,000\ud required the multiplexing factor to increase to 68 and the bandwidth of the frequency-division readout electronics to span 1.6–5.2 MHz. This increase necessitates low-thermal conductance, low-inductance cryogenic wiring. Our cold readout system consists of planar thin-film aluminum inductive–capacitive resonators, wired in series with the detectors, summed together, and connected to 4K SQUIDs by 10−μm \ud 10−μm\ud -thick niobium–titanium (NbTi) broadside-coupled striplines. Here, we present an overview of the cold readout electronics for SPT-3G, including assembly details and characterization of electrical and thermal properties of the system. We report, for the NbTi striplines, values of R≤10 −4 Ω \ud R≤10−4Ω\ud , L=21±1 nH \ud L=21±1 nH\ud , and C=1.47±.02 nF \ud C=1.47±.02 nF\ud . Additionally, the striplines’ thermal conductivity is described by kA=6.0±0.3 T 0.92±0.04 μW mm K −1 \ud kA=6.0±0.3 T0.92±0.04 μW mm K−1\ud . Finally, we provide projections for cross talk induced by parasitic impedances from the stripline and find that the median value of percentage cross talk from leakage current is 0.22 and 0.09% \ud 0.09%\ud from wiring impedance.

Published
2018
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6. Fabrication of Detector Arrays for the SPT-3G Receiver

Author

N. W. Halverson, K. Vanderlinde, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, C. L. Kuo, M. A. Dobbs, K. L. Thompson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Z. Pan, T. Natoli, Aaron Lee, Peter A. R. Ade, C. M. Posada, Bradford Benson, Jason W. Henning, E. V. Denison, A. Foster, A. E. Lowitz, K. T. Story, Amy N. Bender, V. G. Yefremenko, A. Cukierman, D. Dutcher, T. de Haan, Thomas Cecil, Joaquin Vieira, G. I. Noble, Jason E. Austermann, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, Kent D. Irwin, J. F. Cliche, Valentine Novosad, W. L. Holzapfel, K. W. Yoon, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, A. J. Gilbert, Andrew Nadolski, Adam Anderson, N. Huang, Donna Kubik, Graeme Smecher, W. B. Everett, Nathan Whitehorn, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, John Groh, N. L. Harrington, Q. Y. Tang, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, J. A. Sobrin, Trupti Khaire, Liliana Stan, S. S. Meyer, Carole Tucker, J. T. Sayre, Joshua Montgomery, Erik Shirokoff, Jessica Avva, I. Shirley, C. S. Miller, Stephen Padin, M. Korman, H. Nguyen, A. M. Kofman, Ralu Divan, L. J. Saunders, John E. Pearson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, A. A. Stark, John E. Carlstrom, Oliver Jeong, Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, and Gene C. Hilton

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radio spectrum, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, South Pole Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

The South Pole Telescope third-generation (SPT-3G) receiver was installed during the austral summer of 2016–2017. It is designed to measure the cosmic microwave background across three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The SPT-3G receiver has ten focal plane modules, each with 269 pixels. Each pixel features a broadband sinuous antenna coupled to a niobium microstrip transmission line. In-line filters define the desired band-passes before the signal is coupled to six bolometers with Ti/Au/Ti/Au transition edge sensors (three bands × \ud ×\ud two polarizations). In total, the SPT-3G receiver is composed of 16,000 detectors, which are read out using a 68× \ud ×\ud frequency-domain multiplexing scheme. In this paper, we present the process employed in fabricating the detector arrays.

Published
2018
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7. Optical and Thermal Properties of ANL/KICP Polarization Sensitive Bolometers for SPTpol

Author

T. de Haan, M. Lueker, Jason W. Henning, Joseph W. Britton, Johannes Hubmayr, E. M. Leitch, K. A. Aird, Gensheng Wang, S. S. Meyer, Gene C. Hilton, K. Vanderlinde, K. Schafer, John P. Nibarger, S. Hoover, Erik Shirokoff, J. Kennedy, A. Datesman, J. Mehl, Daniel P. Marrone, Dan Becker, E. Young, J. T. Sayre, Volodymyr Yefremenko, T. E. Montroy, C. Pryke, T. Natoli, Aaron Lee, Christian L. Reichardt, V. Novosad, R. Williamson, Stephen Padin, Joaquin Vieira, Elizabeth George, Jeff McMahon, J. Montgomery, N. L. Harrington, J. E. Ruhl, C. L. Chang, Michael D. Niemack, Dale Li, Lindsey Bleem, Benjamin Saliwanchik, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, Bradford Benson, A. T. Crites, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, J. A. Beall, H. M. Cho, Ryan Keisler, Jason E. Austermann, Ki Won Yoon, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, A. Ewall-Wice, N. W. Halverson, T. M. Crawford, and John E. Carlstrom

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Bandwidth (signal processing), Cosmic microwave background, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Dipole, Optics, law, Thermal, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, business, Leakage (electronics)
Abstract

We present recent optical and thermal characterizations of polarization sensitive mm-wave bolometers fabricated at Argonne National Lab. The devices are designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background and consist of a Mo/Au TES suspended on SiN with a Pd-Au dipole absorber. The detector performance is excellent with >85% co-polar coupling

Published
2012
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8. An Overview of the SPTpol Experiment

Author

J. E. Ruhl, J. Montgomery, T. Natoli, Bradford Benson, M. A. Dobbs, N. W. Halverson, A. T. Crites, V. Novosad, Joaquin Vieira, K. A. Aird, Daniel P. Marrone, M. Lueker, N. L. Harrington, Dan Becker, John P. Nibarger, Benjamin Saliwanchik, John E. Carlstrom, Lindsey Bleem, Stephen Padin, E. Young, Aaron Lee, A. Datesman, J. Mehl, Gene C. Hilton, Christian L. Reichardt, T. de Haan, Kent D. Irwin, C. L. Chang, Elizabeth George, W. L. Holzapfel, J. Kennedy, R. Williamson, Gensheng Wang, Jeff McMahon, Jason W. Henning, Ki Won Yoon, K. Schafer, Volodymyr Yefremenko, S. Hoover, Dale Li, K. Vanderlinde, Jason E. Austermann, S. S. Meyer, A. Ewall-Wice, Michael D. Niemack, Joseph W. Britton, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, T. M. Crawford, C. Pryke, Erik Shirokoff, Johannes Hubmayr, E. M. Leitch, H. M. Cho, J. T. Sayre, Ryan Keisler, T. E. Montroy, W. Everett, and J. A. Beall

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, South Pole Telescope, Optics, Gravitational lens, law, NIST, General Materials Science, Neutrino, business
Abstract

In 2012 the South Pole Telescope (SPT) will begin a 625 deg2 survey to measure the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Observations of the CMB B-mode angular power spectrum will be used to search for the large angular scale signal induced by inflationary gravitational waves. Additionally, the B-mode spectrum will enable a measurement of the neutrino mass through the gravitational lensing of the CMB. The new 780 pixel polarization-sensitive camera is composed of two different detector architectures and will map the sky at two frequencies. At 150 GHz, the camera consists of arrays of corrugated feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). At 90 GHz, we use individually packaged dual-polarization absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Each 90 GHz pixel couples to the telescope through machined contoured feedhorns. The entire focal plane is read out using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We discuss the design and goals of this experiment and provide a description of the detectors.

Published
2012
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