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The goal of this paper is the construction of computerized 3D visualization of geological structures. Several Python applications have been used to adapt the paper map-based geological classical information to numerical geological maps represented in HTML files. The models include a map with the stratigraphic and structural contacts and symbols, five serial vertical sections, and a geological block diagram, all with real topography. This block diagram made with 2D figures allows a 3D visualization. Palomeque area (Murcia region, southeastern Spain) has been used as a key-case. This area consists of a deformed Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene succession belonging to the Internal Zone Malaguide Complex. The main structure consists of two thrust-fold sheets forming an imbricate system, also affected by a set of strike-slip faults with a sinistral regime. The constructed maps show a good agreement with the published classical geological maps and cross-sections demonstrating the benefits of using these Python applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social spatial geographies of telecommunications and their infrastructures have long interested scholars in the social sciences, and in urban geography specifically. This paper focuses on data centers. Much effort has been placed in preserving the notion that data centers are 'clouds', a terminology that obfuscates the real human geographies of cyberplaces. In this map-making exercise, we visualize the sociopolitical human geographies of data centers, and provoke the reader to consider the impacts that data centers have on residents and their environments. The maps shown in this paper suggest four trends. First, hyperscale data center owners are building near large waterways, signifying a shift in location preferences. Second, data centers stress local administrations, financing, and availability of upstream resources, as hyperscale data centers step up their input needs. Third, data center development is state-led. Fourth the competition for data center industries unfolds across a multi-level governance context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decades, the tourism market saw the growth of national and regional brands based on characters and places promoted through movies and TV series. One of the most notorious tourism brands based on fictional works is represented by Dracula. With a constantly expanding coverage on entertainment channels, Dracula became widely popular and strongly associated with Romania. However, its capitalization by national tourism actors lacks synergy and integration of spatial features. In this paper, we use an original cartographic approach combining the spatial distribution of Dracula attractions and online data regarding tourist behavior aimed to set up a decision-making toolkit for the enhancement of brand management. The results confirm the existence of a spatial pattern in the distribution and differentiation of Dracula attractions, which affects the overall tourist behavior and satisfaction. The paper provides several recommendations for national actors in order to upgrade the tourism management of Dracula's image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates if and where registered crime and the fear of crime intersect in the four locations. This information is important to reduce crime and increase the sense of security of the population. In the past, research was applied to small parts of a city or a whole city, but not in as much detail as this paper. Our research is detailed, and at the same time is applied to four entire locations - three Czech cities (Ostrava, Olomouc, and Kolín) and one Prague district (Prague 12). We placed registered crime and fear of crime on one map to show locations where people feel afraid, where crime happens, and where both events occur together. We drew these phenomena using Moran's I in a bivariate map. The outputs will be applied by Municipal governments and police departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a map of the current state of vegetation and land use in a UTM square measuring 10 × 10 km in Utande (La Alcarria, Central Spain) at a semi-detailed scale of 1:20,000. The map presented here offers an example of how to carry out a series of maps of the plant landscape, using regular grid squares of 100 km² (hectads). The map was drawn up using a cartographic method scaled in levels, which can be updated in line with advances in territorial tracking, and enabled us to group together synthetic categories adapted to the biogeographical idiosyncrasy of territory. We recommend combining this phytocoenotic study with another focusing on the flora and the chorology in the same space. A map was obtained with 35 categories, which offers a large-scale image of the biophysical land covers. This will be useful for territorial planning and biodiversity protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a naïve map that attempts to reflect the vision that Philip II and his advisors probably had of the Spanish road network in the second half of the sixteenth century, a crucial aspect for the choice of the seat of the capital of the kingdom. The elaboration of the naïve map was carried out in two phases: in the first, the road network was reconstructed based on a thorough revision of the primary sources that have survived to the present day. As these sources showed evident problems of completeness, the network was completed using mathematical methods, which were statistically contrasted. The analysis carried out is an important novelty since it shows that most of the transport in the Iberian Peninsula was channeled through the center following a radial structure with six principal axes two centuries before what has been traditionally considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel geodiversity map of the Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park (Central Italy). The Park exhibits a wide range of geological-geomorphological environments of great scientific and touristic interest, offering unique landscapes and wild nature frequented by visitors year-around. All these features reflect a marked geodiversity and a valuable geoheritage, requiring protection and valorization activities. The geodiversity map that we present was realized following an integrated methodological approach, which includes and combines geological-geomorphological features, geoheritage elements, data from Park archives, and new field-based observations. In this framework, the map serves as a key outreach tool for the dissemination of the geological information of the area and for the promotion of its geodiversity through a modern, sustainable, and environmentally aware tourism in an highly frequented protected area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores and documents the Eocene limestones from the Albeşti village (Argeş County, Romania) in terms of the relationship between geology, geoheritage and cultural heritage. Known as the Albeşti Limestone/Stone, this rock, extracted from small quarries, has been used for centuries in the construction of an impressive number of public buildings, monuments, houses, etc. Nowadays, many of them are on the List of the Historical Monuments of Romania; one is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site (Horezu Monastery, Vâlcea County). The findings of this research are synthesized and presented in several maps resulted from integration of published and unpublished data with our field survey. The study emphasis the Albeşti Limestone both as an important geoheritage (the Albeşti Nummulitic Limestone Nature Reserve, established in 1954) and a significant heritage stone of national interest that could have a substantial role in heritage preservation, geoeducation, and geotourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the structural map of the Barrabisa Complex, an E-W ribbon-like migmatitic massif exposed in the northern part of Sardinia. The migmatites consist of metatexites and diatexites with variable melt proportion, grading in the central part of the complex to a foliated peraluminous granodiorite. Xenotime/monazite dating indicates that the foliated granodiorite pluton emplaced in upper Carboniferous times (≈307–313 Ma) within a narrow E-W ductile top-to-the east shear zone cutting through a Variscan high-grade metamorphic basement composed of orthogneisses, metasedimentary-derived migmatites and subordinate amphibolites. Field geological mapping, coupled with structural and micro-structural analysis, allowed us to distinguish the granodioritic pluton and three metamorphic units characterized by variable melt to protholith ratio, that represent a continuous transition from metatexite to diatexite with high melt concentration, to foliated granodiorite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we show data from new detailed geological-structural field surveys, integrated with preliminary photogrammetric analysis, presented in a 1:10,000 scale geological map. The field-based investigations covered an area of about 60-km2, located at the southern termination of the Calabrian Forearc, in NE Sicily (Italy), at the intersection of two key regional-scale fault systems. These are represented by the Peloritani Sole-Thrust, along which the Kabilo-Calabride orogenic edifice overthrusted onto the Apenninic-Maghrebian Chain, and the Mt. Kumeta-Alcantara Line, which played a key role in the post-Oligocene evolution of the Nubia–Eurasia converging margin. The collected data permitted the recognition of a new terrigenous stratigraphic unit, the Malvagna Flysch, and the acquisition of updated structural information useful to better understand the kinematics of the easternmost portion of the Mt. Kumeta-Alcantara Line. The geological map provides new insights for the reconstruction of the geodynamic evolution of this sector of the Calabrian Forearc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a map of sediment surface distribution and bedforms in the Harle tidal inlet, German Wadden Sea. Data collection, processing, and map editing were realized within the sublittoral mapping program of Lower Saxony national waters carried out by the NLWKN – Coastal Research Station. The map is the result of the combined use of multibeam echosounder, sub-bottom profiler, and ground-truth data. The sediment characterization is achieved by an unsupervised approach using an Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) on a normalized backscatter mosaic, verified by nineteen sediment samples. Morphometrical parameters and sub-bottom data provided important information to identify hard substrates and bedforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last 3 ka, different human communities occupied the Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain), including Phoenician, Carthaginian, Roman, Medieval and Modern settlements. Traces of such historical occupations have been recognized along the bay from a geoarchaeological point of view. Some of them bear a palaeogeographical interest related to the historical location of the shoreline. At the same time, Holocene sedimentary units and geomorphological elements identified along the bay can be interpreted as evidences of its morphological evolution. The objective of the present paper is to represent all the available data about archaeological sites and geomorphology in the northern Bay of Cádiz, with the aim of combining both sources of data for elaborating a simple proposal of landscape evolution during the last 3 millennia. The base for mapping was multiple, from historical aerial photographs to satellite imagery and a digital terrain model with a maximum resolution of 0.35 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disruptions associated with health and energy crisis have emphasized the need for hyperlocal cities. However, in Europe, a tool to measure the efficiency of land use and accessibility planning for localizing urban mobility is missing. In this paper, we construct a comparable 15-Minute-Walking City (15-MWC) index that assesses the walking performance of 121 European metropolitan areas and seven amenity types. The data are combined equally following the PROMETHEE II multicriteria approach to assign a final score and to present a ranking of 15-Minutes cities. The main visualization demonstrates European-level disparities and indicates that most of leading cities are in Germany, while most of the worst performers are in the UK. We also reveal a statistically significant difference in 15-MWC performance due to their GDP per capita disparities. The empirical results may serve as a referencing tool for cross-city comparisons and may support policymakers when designing transport and city-planning strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes previous maps of the Diocese of Poreč and Pula and creation of a new map of the Diocese made and published after many changes and long-time research at the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb. The data collection of the general geographic content and the sacral content was the first step for the new map visualization of the Diocese. It also describes different problems for special map contents and observed shortcomings on the previous maps, and how they are solved. The research objective was the creation of the new map of the Diocese based on the collected and verified data, showing the exact borders of the Diocese and current borders of the deaneries with current seats. On the new map (Main Map) at a scale of 1:120 000, the parish borders with the seats and names of parishes are depicted for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maps published for tourism promotion and information constitute a particular sub-group of tourist maps made using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This paper proposes a methodological protocol for the systematic elaboration of tourism mapping. This procedure is applied to the design of the tourist map of the province of Huesca. The cartographic tool was designed based on the needs of tourism promotion by the Public Administration, seeking the halfway point between persuasion and precision when representing elements on the map. Given that data would have to be updated and modified in the future, open-source software was used so that the administration can then run, modify and update it. In addition, the project was validated through surveys to two different audiences (general and expert). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose an integral methodology to spatially represent the landscapes of the coastal region of Oaxaca at a scale of 1: 250,000. For this purpose, we start from the geosystemic and bioclimatic approach, using inputs of relief types, lithology, precipitation and temperature patterns at different spatial scales and extending the analysis with photointerpretation. Once the information was processed, the landscape units were delimited. The map shows a total of 58 units distributed in 6 isobioclimates, which reflects a very significant geoecological heterogeneity. The combination of both approaches represents a novel advantage for landscape mapping, since it allows us to represent detailed information at different scales, making the map of the coast of Oaxaca a useful and efficient input for territorial planning and management at a local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, there remains uncertainty surrounding the Younger Dryas-early Holocene glacial history of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet in northwest Arctic Russia. This stems from a lack of high-resolution ice sheet-scale geomorphological data in the region. To address this, this paper presents 15,355 meltwater and morainic landforms in a new large-scale, glacial geomorphological map of the Younger Dryas-early Holocene ice marginal zone in the Republic of Karelia, northwest Russia. Individual landforms were mapped from relief-shaded renditions of the 2 m resolution ArcticDEM alongside 1 m resolution Esri World Imagery data in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The map, which is presented at a scale of 1: 675,000, will form the basis of a palaeo-glaciological reconstruction of northwest Russia that will inform on ice sheet dynamics – at both a regional- and ice sheet-scale – and provide an important framework through which numerical ice sheet models can be constrained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liguria is a small region in Northwestern Italy which is characterized by significant and valuable geoheritage. The 1:250,000 map presented in this paper displays the 120 geosites of Liguria, officially approved by regional and national authorities, framed in the context of the geological landscapes of the region. The geological landscapes were obtained by categorizing and thematizing geological, lithological and geomorphological data in macro-units with similar characteristics. Protected areas (National parks, regional parks and natural reserves) and caves are also highlighted in the map. This work aims to give a better understanding of the Ligurian geoheritage, its relationship with the geological and geomorphological context, and the framework of protected areas. Thus, the present map can be a useful tool for developing effective geoheritage management and enhancement strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation is becoming not only a theoretical framework of EU and UN documents, but also a practical approach that many municipalities explore in order to build resilient, sustainable and smart cities. The paper presents a weighted Index of Geoparticipation for all municipalities in the Czech Republic (n = 6258). The index is an indicator-based value divided into three dimensions (communication, participation, transparency) that helps to evaluate the state of geoparticipation among Czech municipalities. The size of the municipality (measured by population) and the significance of the municipality are both highly related to the values of the Index of Geoparticipation. Regional capitals, major cities, and big towns that are part of the Healthy Cities Network all have higher values for the Index of Geoparticipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital maps prepared by using geographic information systems are more diverse and common each day. Nevertheless, the lack of accessible files such as maps created in widely used but complex/expensive software is responsible for a limited number of users. With time, geographic visors have helped to overcome this ‘inaccessibility’ through more user-friendly platforms such as a free multi-temporal remote sensing data such as the Google Earth Engine. The updated GMSA was overlapped on this geospatial platform. As more people visualize maps, recent discoveries can be communicated with greater efficiency. Within the framework of the Vice-presidency for the GMSA and the Commission for the Geological Map of the World, the GMSA was launched in 2019 and, since 2021, has been available on Google Earth. This paper summarizes how the GMSA in Google Earth was implemented. It is expected this publication helps other map producers to create similar products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a detailed geomorphological map of the western piedmont of Cumbres Calchaquíes (Tucumán Province, NW Argentina) bounded by the Amaicha River to the south and the administrative border with Salta Province to the north. It contains information about geomorphological units, their relative ages, and morphogenetic processes. The main map shows the presence of seven aggradation stages separated by incision phases. The first three stages (St1, St2, and St3) were modeled on a thick accumulation located in the upper piedmont from the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Intermediate stages (St4 and St5) are alluvial fans and pediments with less thickness and gradient. They cover the Early Pleistocene (St4) and the Late Pleistocene-Middle Holocene (St5). Finally, stages St6 and St7 are from the Upper Holocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the 2021 and 2022 field activities carried out at San Nicola Island (Tremiti Islands, Southern Adriatic Sea) by two groups of students as part of the Environmental Geomorphology Field Mapping course held within the Master’s Degree in Geological Sciences and Technologies of Earth and Planets at University ‘G. d’Annunzio’ of Chieti-Pescara. Field activities were carried out following an integrated approach that involved morphometric, geological, and geomorphological analyses, supported by the combination of traditional methods with modern survey instruments and techniques. The Main Map (1:2,500 scale) comprehensively depicts the landscape of San Nicola Island, which is affected by both long- and short-term evolutionary processes, as witnessed by widespread slope landforms. The cartographic products presented in this work can represent a useful tool in territorial planning and management, as well as a valuable base for further scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a 1:20,000 scale Geoarchaeological map of the Cornia river coastal plain in southern Tuscany. The Geoarchaeological map integrates a comprehensive dataset of geomorphological and archaeological features. The spatial relationships between landforms and archaeological records show that the settlement pattern from the VII century BC to the V century AD was mostly influenced by the presence of several depositional landforms which formed before the period under consideration. Integrating the outputs of geomorphological and topographical analyses with archaeological databases is also helpful for land planning, especially in areas where present-day anthropic exploitation needs predictive and valid tools to assess the archaeological hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient geographical maps are our window into the past for understanding the spatial dynamics of last centuries. This paper proposes a novel approach to address this problem using deep learning. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are today the state-of-the-art methods in handling a variety of problems in the fields of image processing. The Cassini map, created in the eighteenth century, is used to illustrate our methodology. This approach enables us to extract the surfaces of classes of lands in the Cassini map: forests, heaths, arboricultural, and hydrological. The evolution of land use between the end of the eighteenth century andtoday was quantified by comparison with Corine Land Cover (CLC) database. For the Rhone watershed, the results show that forests, arboriculture, and heaths are more extensive on the CLC map, in contrast to the hydrological network. These unprecedented results are new findings that reveal the major anthropo-climatic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs) identified in the Molise region (Italy), along the central-southern sector of the Apennines chain. These phenomena were detected and mapped through a combination of aerial-photo interpretation, morphological analyses, and field surveys, integrated through satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR). The obtained general map is organized in different sections: inventory map with identification of DSGSDs and main geological and orographic features, geostructural scheme, representative cross sections, list and characteristics of DSGSDs, geomorphometric maps, landslides map, and seismotectonic setting. This study allowed us to realize a complete inventory of DSGSDs in the Molise region and define the main characteristics of each phenomenon. Through this research, it was possible to establish a general correlation between the analyzed deformations and the geological and geomorphological setting of the region as well as with its geodynamic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the creation of a historical reference map of the mid-southern region of Transylvania (nowadays in central Romania) in 1848. This area was shaped by the presence of the Transylvanian Saxons, the ethnic German descendants of the settlers invited here by the kings of Hungary during the High Middle Ages. Transylvania became part of the Habsburg Empire at the end of the seventeenth century and was elevated to the status of a Grand Principality in 1765. The map is primarily based on historical cartographic documents and written publications, but also integrates digital geo-spatial datasets. It was produced at a scale of 1:400 000 and includes the hydrography, the administrative boundaries, the main roads, the postal stations and all the settlements attested in the Transylvanian Saxon administrative subdivisions before the mid-nineteenth century [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) remains one of the most significant problems affecting women globally with its elimination being central to achieving SDG 5 on gender equality. While information on its prevalence is increasing globally, this is often at the national scale with limited local-level data. Responding to feminist critiques of SDG 5 and target 5.2 in terms of the importance of capturing more nuanced data on grassroots women’s experiences as agents rather than victims, this paper reflects on countermapping VAWG in the favelas of Maré in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Drawing on countermapping methodologies, it analyses a series of countermaps highlighting the prevalence of VAWG, but also the need to report and resist it locally. Only by revealing the complexity of VAWG and women’s practices to deal with it can such violence be truly eliminated in order to meet SDG 5 and target 5.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the most recent scenarios, sea level is expected to keep rising during the next decades because of global warming. In this context, coastal areas are highly vulnerable to marine and climate-related processes, such as erosion and inundation. Such processes are expected to cause shoreline retreat and local morphological variations with consequent loss in natural ecosystems, exploitable coastal land, and significant socio-economic impacts. This paper aims at outlining future scenarios of potential coastal inundation along the NE coastal sector of the Island of Gozo (Malta). The study assessed expected coastline positions for the investigated coastal stretch by analysing high-resolution topographic data coupled with sea level projections for the years 2050 and 2100, accounting also for the contribution of storm surges. Results are expected to sensitize local authorities and communities about potential threats derived from sea level rise that could affect coastal areas in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises the results of an inventory of abandoned underground mines within the Nízký Jeseník Upland (Czechia, Central Europe). The area has a long and complex history of mining. During the period between the 11th and 13th centuries, the upland was the centre of ore mining, and later, during the 18th and 19th centuries, it transitioned into slate mining for roofing. From 2016 through 2018, we collected detailed data from 137 mines to better understand their parameters and functioning within the contemporary landscape. The data were mainly focused on the geomorphic character of underground mines, as the existing inventories focus on various other aspects. The results were processed into an interactive web map using ArcGIS Online’s online mapping software. Relations between parameters were assessed using three methods: the χ2 test for a contingency table, ANOVA and linear regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with ancient methods of astronavigation and their potential use in finding geographical locations in Ptolemy’s Geographike Hyphegesis. Further, it describes the systematic errors in these methods and suggests how to correct them. The results include a new map which compares the locations of Ptolemy’s sites after removing the errors with their real locations. Subsequently, significant ancient locations according to Ptolemy’s list of noteworthy cities are identified on the map. In some cases, we presume that they were located on the map using astronavigation. The results of this Study imply that Ptolemy may have adopted a comparatively regular network of points from some older authors which was the basis of his extensive work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has transformed maps into interactive tools for exploring and understanding the world. In this article, we present the user experience (UX) design process for Flyover Country (http://flyovercountry.io), a mobile mapping application that visualizes information about the Earth's geology and history, allowing users to save and then access the information offline while flying, driving, or hiking. Specifically, the paper presents a UX design study that tracks the conceptualization, implementation, and revision of Flyover Country, and employs scenario-based design to walk through a pair of use case scenarios that informed our UX design: science outreach to the general public and field trip guides for geoscience education. In the paper, we note UX design insights that are potentially transferable to other mobile mapping contexts, organizing insights by mobile representation design (scale, projection, symbolization, and typography) versus mobile interaction design (map entry point, bottom navigation, floating action button, and pull-up information panel). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bivariate choropleth mappings are proposed in this paper as an effective GIS-based approach that supports the monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals, listed in the Agenda 2030, namely build-up area expansion and population dynamics, the Tier II indicator for SDG 11 (11.3.1). This paper focuses on the application of a multidimensional approach to mapping land use efficiency in Poland between 2006 and 2018. The resulting data are assigned to counties and visualized as choropleth maps categorizing the counties based on the strength of land cover intensity and population growth. The proprietary class interdependence index (CII) based on the relationship between these two variables is used to evaluate class ranges of the bivariate choropleth map. The proposed cartographic presentation might be a useful and important tool in SDG monitoring as it provides information about the relation between population and land consumption rate, portraying the most correlated data in classes along the diagonal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work in the presented paper was the creation and subsequent distribution of a database of Olympic medallists of the modern Summer Olympic Games in the period 1896-2016. We examined historical statistics from the perspective of an individual approach; or more specifically, for each Olympic medallist as an individual athlete awarded with an Olympic medal. The results are presented on a map showing the number of medallists in each country. In total, we recorded 33152 Olympic medals in the database altogether, which were won by a total of 24287 athletes. These represented a total of 149 countries, including those that no longer exist due to geopolitical changes in the last century. All medals awarded at the level of states and individual sports are displayed in a detailed preview on the website, which is an integral part of the submitted paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents new approaches to the visualisation of origin–destination flows, in which all three basic parameters of flows between pairs of geographic objects are cartographically expressed simply and clearly: the length of flows, their intensity, and the proportional distribution of both directions between pairs of objects (polarisation of flows). The data on population movements based on mobile phone location are used as the input information, which were collected from the whole territory of the Czech Republic. Apart from the visualisation of origin–destination flows, the paper addresses the issue of the transformation of these data through the application of two different interaction measures. The transformed flows are also cartographically visualised and the functional regions based on the respective interaction measures are used as base maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive understanding of the assessment of an urban space by its residents is viewed as one of the most in demand approaches within the endogenous strategies of urban space planning. As a rule, this process only leads to the identification of topophilic or topophobic places. What is lacking is the identification and interpretation of places that may contain both topophobic and topophilic meanings. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to explore, analyse, and compare ambivalently perceived places within an urban environment. Methodologically, the paper stems from the perception of space. More specifically, the phenomenon of mental maps is elaborated on. The analysis proves the ambivalent perception of selected places in the town under study (Šternberk, the Czech Republic), which points, to the complexity of human perception that characterises each community. Two synthetic maps based on four follow-up methodical procedures are provided, accompanied by two analytical maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines a project drawing together an artist working on creative GIS, a geomatics scholar, an NGO leader, a rural geographer and soil scientist, an environmental geochemist, and a political geographer. With a shared interest in the social and physical processes affecting people's lives in Malawi, and the possibilities for interdisciplinary collaboration, the team engaged in practice-based mapping of our data sources and respective methodologies. The project relates to two sites in Malawi: Tikondwe Freedom Gardens and the Likangala River. The paper details our practices as we shared, debated, and repurposed our data as a means of situating these practices and data. Using paper and pen, whiteboard, PowerPoint, and web-design software, we note here our effort to map a 'space of experimentation' highlighting, and reflecting on, our diverse disciplinary orientations, training, instrumentation, recording, and reporting procedures, as well as bodily practices that enable and give animation to these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes one aspect of the history, invention and use of contour lines. We present a case that Charles Hutton – working for the Greenwich Royal Observatory – might have created one of the first accurate and useful contour maps, based on a survey of Schiehallion in Perthshire, Scotland. Hutton's description of this map and his calculations (used to determine the density of the Earth) were published by the Royal Society in 1778. The map is missing; however, this paper provides all the information, based on the surveyors' measurements, to create a fairly accurate contour map of Schiehallion. Our collaboration, between mathematician and artist, led to a visual reinterpretation of the data based on the original calculations in Hutton's paper, and his other maps. In this article, we document our re-creation of the map of Schiehallion and subsequent and corresponding three-dimensional contour models of the mountain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping population distribution remains a common need in various fields of studies. Several approaches and methodologies have been adopted to obtain high-resolution population distribution grids. The use of addresses data to obtain gridded population distribution maps emerges as one of the more recent and accurate approaches. The increasing dissemination and availability of geo-data and more specifically address data allow us to obtain updated, granular and high spatial resolution population distribution maps. This paper describes a bottom-up open addresses data mapping-based approach of gridded population distribution with a fine spatial resolution. Through a QGIS plugin, an adaptation of the housing unit methodology was implemented to obtain 500 m × 500 and 250 m × 250 m population grids for mainland Portugal. The results showed that the use of reliable addresses databases can generate gridded population distribution maps with a high degree of adjustment to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The census of population, conducted by three statistical offices in the United Kingdom, provides a unique resource for measuring and understanding internal migration patterns and propensities. It is the only source that asks an entire population, once every ten years, about their migration behaviour and as such provides a valuable resource for assessing the impact that migration has on the size and composition of local populations. The data are attribute rich in that they provide information about migration patterns by demographic group and are spatially detailed so provide a view of the impact that migration has on small areas. Despite their utility, the data have limitations, not least that they are only collected once per decade so only provide a snapshot of the UK migration system. This paper utilises data from the previous four censuses to present maps showing how migration propensity and efficiency has changed between 1981 and 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the SW flank of the Doña Juana Volcanic Complex, Colombia, the dynamic geomorphic system responds to the complex interaction between volcanic, climatic, and tectonic driving forces, where the recent landscape (last ~20 years) is being shaped as a function of denudational processes. Despite the rapid rates of landforms development, the geomorphology of this area is poorly documented. To overcome the lack of information we mapped the area using a GeoSAR DEM and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle based DEM. This paper presents two maps, a 1:25,000 scale map and a 1:5,000 detailed map of landforms along the Humadal Creek. Detailed categorization of landforms (at 1:5,000) allowed us to identify geomorphic processes in the village of Las Mesas and rural areas that triggered hazards for the communities. The morphologic evolution interpretation of this volcanic tropical area serves as a tool for future geohazard assessment in inhabited areas with important information gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cave map, as a result of mapping in limited cave spaces, is a specific cartographic product characterized by a high degree of cartographic abstraction and subjectivity of the cave features. Over the last decade, remote sensing methods have been increasingly used in cave mapping. Specifically, the laser scanning technology can effectively record the vastly fragmented interior of the cave at a high level of detail. The presented paper demonstrates a methodology of making the high-scale cave map from LiDAR point clouds. The innovativeness of the presented approach is in the use of highly detailed model of a cave floor derived from a point cloud as a base data layer for identification of the cave features. The main benefit of the final cave map is in the diminution of the authoŕs subjective perception during the cave mapping resulting in the generalization of the cave spaces geometry and cave features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple layers of lava flows and channels characterize the region adjacent to the eastern slope of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars. We have mapped this volcanic region to survey and classify individual channel systems and determine their formative processes. As a final output of this mapping effort, we have produced a 1:1.9 million scale channel map that is first published in this paper in both GIS and static formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Piuro 1618 landslide is renowned as one of the most catastrophic historical events of the Central Alps. The landscape of the Bregaglia Valley has been successively modified to such an extent to make it difficult to ascertain the source of the landslide, the extent of its deposits and the setting of the ancient village. This study focuses on the identification of the source area of the landslide, its dynamics, the extent of its deposits and the estimation of the involved volumes. The geological map here proposed permitted to reconstruct the relationships between the pre-1618 setting, the 1618 restructuration of the landscape and the post-event changes that occurred owing to erosion by the trunk river, deposition of debris flow fans and slope dynamics. The paper shows how geological mapping may help to unravel landscape evolution of an Alpine valley even at the high-resolution required by historical and archaeological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper and accompanying map aim on the issue of brain drain (otherwise known as Human Capital Flight) concerning cultural and creative industries. The study is focused on the evaluation of Olomouc city, Czechia. In the case of a mid-sized city such as Olomouc, human capital flight is largely associated with cultural and creative fields, because it plays a significant part of the economy and character of the city. The 'brain drain index' of Czech municipalities has been calculated and visualized within the synthetic map. The study supported by a map investigated the brain drain from the local university. Moreover, four analytical side-maps which present the most important phenomena used for the Brain Drain Index calculating, and one side-map which summarizes the results of the questionnaire survey, have been visualized. The map layout is extended by description, table and a scheme which characterize the individual steps of the workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of anthropic occupation of a territory over time play a central role in shaping the cultural landscape we see today. This paper presents a methodology for visually representing this phenomenon. The method consists of transforming data from archaeological records and historic cartography into a series of maps that allow historic settlement patterns to be interpreted and the historic depth of contemporary urban areas to be revealed. To create these maps, a series of geospatial analyses were carried out, including density analysis and weighted overlay. The methodology was applied to the peri-urban area of Seville in southern Spain, although it may be extrapolated to other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture has a hugely important role to play in meeting many of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring the economic resilience of farms and improving their capacity to respond to a wide range of challenges is key if agriculture is to contribute positively to achieving SDGs and sustainable growth. This paper aims to calculate the economic vulnerability and resilience of agriculture in England and Wales (UK), by analysing individual farm business data and using it to compute an aggregated agricultural resilience index at regional level across the two countries. The results of our analysis are visualised as maps, showing the geographical distribution of the input indicators and the final composite resilience index. We argue that this type of spatio-economic approach is useful for understanding the geography of agricultural resilience at sub-national levels, which could be valuable for helping to inform decisions and formulate strategies for promoting sustainable agriculture.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Retirement Migration (IRM) is a growing phenomenon in the Global South. Using the example of the city of Cotacachi in the Ecuadorian Andes, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal growth of the properties acquired by foreign retirees. We have developed a multi-temporal map that visualizes the spatio-temporal patterns of foreign-owned real estate properties and explains them in the historical context of land tenure. As no official spatial data is available for foreign-owned properties in Cotacachi, the mapping was developed based on data triangulation from remote sensing, participatory mapping, document analysis (e.g. a cadastral database), and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. With this origin approach, the map reveals a significant growth in the number of properties and the size of the land acquired by foreigners particularly since the 2008 United States' housing crisis. Most of the foreign-owned properties are located at the urban fringe and have been built on former colonial hacienda lands in direct proximity to existing indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europe has experienced a major boom of new breweries over the last thirty years, with thousands of new breweries being set up, even in regions where brewing has no history. So far, however, this microbrewing wave has not been systematically mapped. This paper presents a unique database of European breweries from 1990–2020. Using a series of maps and statistical analyses, it shows how breweries have gradually spread across Europe. Initially, microbreweries were being established in countries that are in a declining stage of the beer life-cycle from industrial breweries. After 2005 (and particularly in the 2010s), breweries reached other regions through neighbouring and hierarchical spatial diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of geohazards mapping and evaluation their role in the modifying of the urban landscape in Poznań, Poland. Information on geohazards specific to an urban lowland area (river floods, flash floods, mass movement, wind erosion) because of increasing climate change was compiled into a geomorphological map. The most spatially widespread geohazards in Poznań include: (a) on moraine hills/uplands: mass movement, wind erosion, and flash floods (4.9% of the city area); (b) on outwash plains: mass movement and flash floods (8.6% of the city area); (c) on fluvial landforms: mass movement and river floods (9.8% of the city area); (d) within plains of various origin: flash floods (7.6% of the city area). Mass movement affecting short but numerous (and locally steep) slopes, and flash floods are the most widespread geohazards (16 and 14%, of Poznań's area, respectively). Extensive urbanisation especially the expansion of impervious surfaces increases the high risk of flash floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to reconstruct differences between the paleotopography and contemporary topography of the historic centre of Krakow city, Poland, during the last millennium. The paleotopography was reconstructed using published contour-line maps based on archaeological and geoengineering investigations and showing the roof of in situ fossil soil. The preliminary contour-line map represented a digital elevation model (DEM) base map. A DEM from aerial laser scanning (ALS DEM) shows the contemporary topography of Krakow city centre. The application of selected morphometric indices makes it possible to quantitatively describe changes in the spatial dimension with regard to altitude, relative heights, slope, and aspect classes. The analysis of the changes in the values of the elements of topography studied shows that, at the scale of the whole study area, a trend to flattening occurs, however this trend is locally balanced or overridden by an increase of surface unevenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]