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The precise wake model is crucial for accurately estimating wind farm loads and power, playing a key role in wake control within wind farms. This study proposes a segmented dual-Gaussian wake model, which is built upon existing dual-Gaussian wake models but places greater emphasis on the influence of initial wake generation and evolution processes on the wind speed profile in the near-wake region. The enhanced model optimizes the wake speed profile in the near-wake region and improves the accuracy of wake diffusion throughout the entire flow field. Furthermore, the optimized dual-Gaussian wake model is utilized to estimate the power output and blade root vibration loads in offshore wind farms. Through comparative analysis of high-fidelity simulation results and actual measurement data, the accuracy of the optimized dual-Gaussian wake model is validated. This approach offers high computational efficiency and provides valuable insights for load fluctuations and power estimation, thereby advancing the development of wake control strategies rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yaw misalignment can make a wake steer, which is an effective method to increase the power of wind farms but it also increases the fatigue load of the turbines. In this paper, the combination of yaw offset and pitch control (CYMP) is studied to analyse the potential mitigation of wake, focusing on the wind velocity and turbulence of the wake distribution, power increment, and fatigue load reduction. The simulation case study shows that the method of CYMP can reduce the fatigue load by 10.29% and increase the total power by 1.7% compared with only wake steering in FAST.Fram. The Collaborative MPC (CoMPC) method based on CYMP is proposed to the real-time wake control in this research, which can increase power by more than 2% and reduce thrust by more than 4% than greedy control under 10 m/s turbulent wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wake effects commonly exist in offshore wind farms, which will cause a 10–20% reduction of whole power production as well as a 5–15% increase of fatigue loading on the wind turbine main structures. Obviously wake interaction between floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is more complicated, and needs careful assessment which is a prerequisite for active wake control (AWC). The primary objective of the present research is to investigate in detail how the wake inflow condition, streamwise spacing, turbulence intensity, and wind shear influence the power performance, platform motion dynamic and structural loading of FOWT. FAST.Farm, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was used for simulating two tandem FOWTs in different conditions. Comparisons were made between FOWTs in different conditions on power performance and platform motion dynamic, which were presented through both time and frequency domain analysis. Damage equivalent loads change in FOWTs interference under typical working conditions were discussed and summarized. Half wake inflow would pose many challenges to the downstream FOWT. These research studies can be incorporated into further offshore wind farm wake models, providing applicable AWC strategies to reduce wake interference effects for higher energy production and for the longer life of FOWT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wake management of offshore wind farms (OWFs) mainly considers the wake effect. Wake effects commonly occur in offshore wind farms, which cause a 5–10% reduction in power production. Although there have been many studies on wake management, many methods are not accurate enough; for instance, look-up table and static wake model control methods do not consider the time-varying wake state. Dynamic wake management is based on the real-time dynamic wake, so it can increase the energy of the OWFs effectively. For OWFs, dynamic wake control is the main method of dynamic wake management. In this paper, the existing wake model and control progress are discussed, mainly emphasizing the dynamic wake model and the dynamic wake control method, solving the gap of the review for dynamic wake management. This paper presents a digital twins (DT) framework for power and fatigue damage for the first time.. The structure of this paper is as follows: (1) the mechanism of wind farm wake interference is described and then the dynamic wake model is reviewed and summarized; (2) different control methods are analyzed and the dynamic wake management strategies for different control methods are reviewed; (3) in order to solve the problems of dynamic wake detection and real-time effective control, the technology of DT is applied to the dynamic wake control of OWFs. This new DT frame has a promising application prospect in improving power and reducing fatigue damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]