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Cold-mixed epoxy asphalt (CEA) is an emerging energy-saving and environment-friendly material for steel bridge decks, overload roads, and airfield pavement. Occasionally, CEA suffers from impact with high strain rates, which will be extremely detrimental to the pavement's safety and stability. Since little research deals with this dynamic mechanical behavior, this study aims to clarify the dynamic mechanical performance of CEA mixtures (CEAM) under high strain rates. First, this study evaluated the quasi-static strength evolution by Marshall stability tests. The Marshall stability of CEAM more than quadrupled within the first 20 h and 1.6 times up again when exposed at 60°C, while its flow value showed the opposite trend. Then, the dynamic mechanical behavior under different high strain rates and temperatures was investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar tests. Results showed that the peak strain rate (146–316 s−1) was 1.7–2.0 times greater than the average strain rate (84–162 s−1). The strain–stress curves became steep as the temperature and the pressure ascended. Under the same test conditions, the peak stress and the peak dynamic modulus of CEAM were 1.7 times larger than that of cement concrete. CEAM absorbed more energy below 25°C than 60°C. All the CEAM had binder failure, and the crushed specimens had aggregates broken. The constitutive model of CEAM was established based on the statistical damage theory and the modified Weibull distribution function. Besides, multiparametric regression analysis proved a demarcation point during the impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]