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Based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model, the damage evolution and ductile fracture of 7075 aluminum alloy sheets during the tensile process were predicted. First, the true stress-strain curve and micro morphology of 7075 aluminum alloy at 310°C∼460°C were obtained using ultra-high temperature confocal microscope with tensile and compression functions, and the damage characteristics of the fracture position of the tensile specimen were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Then, using the finite element reverse calibration method, the identification method of GTN damage parameters under high temperature was systematically explained and the damage characteristic parameters of 7075 aluminum alloy under high temperature (310°C∼460°C) were obtained. The influence of fluctuations in damage parameters on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of materials and the influence of temperature on the value of material damage variables were analyzed. Finally, the void volume fraction of 7075 aluminum alloy at 360°C was obtained by microscopic observation and compared with the void volume fraction obtained by the finite element reverse calibration method. The results show that the effect of temperature on void volume fraction is basically the same as that of plasticity. The change of void volume fraction has a greater impact on the mechanical properties of the material. There is a small gap between the void volume fraction obtained using the microscopic observation method and the void volume fraction obtained using the finite element reverse calibration method, which verifies the accuracy of the finite element reverse calibration method.