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Objectives: We conducted this study to investigate the risk factors for spontaneous abortion among rural Chinese women., Methods: Risk factors prior to pregnancy associated with spontaneous abortion were identified among 17,248 rural women enrolled in a prospective population-based follow-up study. The risk of spontaneous abortion was estimated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for several factors. A nonconditional logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify the independently associated factors., Results: The total sample of this study population consisted of 17,248 pregnant women including 921 of them whose pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortion and the incidence of spontaneous abortion was 5.04%. After the adjustment of confounding factors, menarche age, serum creatinine, family genetic diseases or maternal congenital defects was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion while folic acid supplementation reduced the risk among rural Chinese women., Conclusions: The findings of our study suggest that multiple modifiable factors may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion which may help relevant departments better to guide detailed effectively prevention strategies toward spontaneous abortion to improve the reproductive quality of rural population. Further studies are required to elaborate these risk factors for spontaneous abortion.

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of macrosomia and LGA (large for gestational age) in non-GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) pregnant women in Fuyang, Anhui Province of China. Methods: A large population-based cohort study was conducted among non-GDM pregnant women aged 18-45 years. Maternal sociodemographic data prior to pregnancy were collected using interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire. Maternal obstetrical delivery records and newborn hospital records were extracted from antenatal care booklets and hospital discharge abstracts. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of macrosomia and LGA. Results: The incidence of macrosomia and LGA was 9.2 and 15.9%, respectively. Mothers ≥35 years of age (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.98, 3.80), male neonates (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.51, 1.89), overweight and obese (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.34, 1.92 and aOR 3.05, 95% CI 2.05, 4.56, respectively) were associated with increased risk of macrosomia. Compared with the less educated mothers, the educated mothers were more likely to have increased risk of macrosomia. IFA (iron and folic acid) supplements intake during pregnancy was more likely to deliver macrosomia or LGA (aOR1.32, 95% CI 1.08, 1.49 and aOR1.42, 95% CI 1.24, 1.61, respectively) as compared with no IFA supplements intake. SCr (serum creatinine concentration) >80 µmol/L was related to decreased risk of macrosomia (aOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61, 0.86) and LGA (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.59, 0.77) as compared with normal range (44-80 µmol/L). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of macrosomia and LGA in non-GDM pregnant women in China. Healthcare educations and reasonable body weight are necessary for pregnant women to prevent macrosomia and LGA. Pregnant women should be checked regularly and have the first prenatal visit as soon as possible.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the course of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnancy and to explore the association between these longitudinal changes and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A total of 793 pregnant women were enrolled at the first trimester of pregnancy and were followed prospectively twice at the second and third trimester. VVC, trichomoniasis, and BV were evaluated at each trimester of pregnancy. Results were evaluated for trends of these three diseases and the association between these changes of trends and pregnancy outcomes. Results: The trend of negative at all three time points was dominant for all three diseases compared with trend of positive throughout pregnancy was the most rare. In addition, for VVC, a trend toward positive can't be ignored (7.5%). However, for BV, the distribution of other three trends (trend negative, trend positive, status random) were basically the same. Different trends of these three diseases were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the exception of women who had a trend of BV positive throughout pregnancy were more likely to suffer from amniotic fluid infection (AFI) compared with women who were negative at all three time points ( p  = .016, OR: 17.29, 95% CI: 1.70-175.54). Conclusions: In this population, the trend of negative throughout pregnancy was dominant for all three diseases compared with few women were positive across their pregnancy. BV may be associated with AFI during pregnancy.