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Background and purpose: Condensing osteitis is the local reaction of bone to a pulp inflammatory stimulus with low intensity and long duration and is the most common radiopaque pathogen lesion in the jaw. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of condensing osteitis in apex of teeth with deep caries and restorations in panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated panoramic radiographs of 2039 patients attending Sari Dental School clinic for dental treatments during 2018-19. Demographic information, including age and sex were recorded. All panoramic radiographs were taken with Cranex D (soredex, Finland) panoramic device and Ortho CP-G Plus films. Lesions in the area of teeth with extensive restoration or deep caries (condensing osteitis) were examined in both jaws. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Fisher's exact test and Chi-square. Results: According to findings, 364 panoramic radiographs had condensing osteitis. The frequency of radiopacity at the apex of teeth with condensing osteitis was significantly higher in women than men (P=0.042). But there was no significant association between condensing osteitis and border, shape, jaw type, tooth type, and age (P

Background and purpose: The present study assessed the incidence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and its relationship with demographic variables, previous orthodontic treatment, and mandibular mobility in patients attending Sari Dental School. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 individuals were randomly selected. Data were obtained by interviewing the patients and clinical examinations. The relation between TMD and other variables was then analyzed applying Chi-square test and exact fisher test in SPSS V22. Results: TMD was found in 75% (n=51), including 35.3% of men and 64.7% of women. Among these, 14 had previously received orthodontic treatment, 34 had a monthly salary of less than one million tomans ($30), and 49 were city dwellers. Maximum mouth opening was 44.52±7 mm in patients without TMD (P= 0.84). People without TMD had greater maximal lateral mandibular movement to the right (P= 0.2) and left (P= 0.84), but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: A history of orthodontic treatment can contribute to the development of TMD. Nevertheless, good financial status helps in benefiting from more follow-up treatments and decreases the incidence and progression of TMD, although this was not significantly correlated with other variables.

Background and purpose: Coronary artery disease is a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in society and patients incur high expenditure on treatment. Pulp stones are ectopic calcifications of the pulp vessel walls, so, they can have similar pathogenesis as those of other organs and coronary atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between coronary artery sclerosis and dental pulp calcification in panoramic dental radiography. Materials and methods: This case-control study, was performed in 94 patients aged 30-65 years old attending Sari Touba Clinic for coronary angiography. They were divided into two groups: case group with significant angiography results and control group with normal angiography results. Panoramic dental radiographs were obtained and examined for the presence of pulp stone. Data were analyzed in SPSS V16 using Chi-square test. Results: Findings showed a significant association between coronary artery sclerosis and presence of pulp stone (P

Background and purpose: Acute scrotum syndrome is one of the complaints in emergency departments which has several causes. This study was performed to determine the causes and symptoms of acute scrotal pain in patients attending emergency departments in Mazandaran province, Iran. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done in all patients with acute scrotum syndrome in emergency departments affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2011- 2016. Patients’ medical records (clinical and paraclinical information, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures) were investigated. Data analysis was done applying Chi- square test and t-test. Results: The study included 205 patients with a mean age of 34.10±17.34. Patients were diagnosed with testicular torsion (n=60, 29.3%), epididymo-orchitis (n= 63, 30.7%), inguinal hernia (n= 69, 33.7%), varicocele (n=11, 5.4%), and testicular torsion (n=2, 2.1%). In testicular torsion, the pain was most sudden (23.9%) and the duration of symptoms onset and arrival at emergency department was 3.62±4.38 hours. The definitive diagnoses were consistent with ultrasound findings in 91.7% of the cases with testicular torsion, 96.8% of those with epididymis orchitis, 95.7% of patients with hernia, and in 54.5% of cases with varicocele. Conclusion: Younger age, duration of pain, sudden pain, and cremaster reflex are helpful in differentiating testicular torsion from other causes of acute scrotum syndrome. Ultrasonography of the testis should be immediately performed as the main diagnostic measure for acute scrotum syndrome.

Background and purpose: Periapical inflammatory lesions are localized periapical bone reactions that result from pulp necrosis and inflammation or periodontal diseases. Inappropriate treatments are often considered as one of the main factors associated with apical periodontitis. This study was done to evaluate periapical radiolucencies in panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 332 panoramic radiographs of patients attending Sari School of Dentistry (2016-2019) were assessed. The Periapical Index was used to evaluate the presence of periapical lesions. Also, the quality of treated teeth was determined by optimal quality indices. Data analysis was done in SPSS V.016 Results: Periapical lesions (PAI = III-V) were seen in 75.4% of the teeth investigated and in 90.2% of teeth with root canal therapy (RCT) and 68% of untreated teeth. Periapical radiolucencies were mostly found in RCT teeth with inadequate filling density and length. The prevelance of lesions were higher in males. The presence of lesions increased in jaws from the anterior to the posterior, and the frequency of lesions was higher in the maxilla than the mandible. Conclusion: The frequency of periapical lesions in RCT teeth was very high. The findings showed that the quality of density and length of filling has a significant effect on prevelance of preapical lesions. Poor RCT leads to low success rate in the treatment of teeth.

Background and purpose: Renal colic is one of the most common causes of referral to emergency departments. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome and predictive factors for invasive management and readmission in these patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was performed in all patients with renal colic who were admitted in Emergency Department in Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, 2016-2017. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the patients’ clinical and paraclinical information, and disease outcome after a month (the need for invasive urologic intervention, recurrence, and readmission) were recorded. Data analysis was done in SPSS V18. Results: There were 581 patients in this study (mean age: 39.88 ±14.49 years). The most common symptoms were flank pain (88.1%) and sudden onset pain (69.2%). Invasive treatment was carried out for 140 (24.1%) patients. Nausea (P = 0.002) and vomiting (P = 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in patients requiring invasive procedure. Abnormal ultrasound findings in patients requiring invasive procedure were significantly higher (P = 0.00). Renal colic recurrence was significantly higher in patients of older age (P = 0.002), those with abdominal pain (P = 0.004), genital area pain (P = 0.041), fever and chill (P = 0.037), history of underlying diseases (P = 0.033) and higher white blood cell counts (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Factors such as age, underlying diseases, fever and chills, nausea, vomiting, white blood cell count, and ultrasound findings in these patients should be considered in order to choose the best treatment option.

Background and purpose: Nowadays, social networks are considered as the major communication tools in communities and throughout the world. This study aimed at investigating the pattern of social network use in medical students who will have important occupations in healthcare system. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 715 medical students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2018. Information on the frequency and pattern of social network use were collected and data were analyzed in SPSS V21. Results: The mean age of students was 21.59±2.7 years old and 711 students (99.4%) were engaged with social networks. The daily median use of social networks was 3 hours. The most common reason for using these networks were communication with friends (40.45%). The average hours of using these networks were significantly higher in single students compared with those of married ones (P

Background and purpose: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause of neonatal hospitalization and can be a sign of urinary tract infection during infancy. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the reasons for prolonged jaundice. This research aimed at studying the prevalence of urinary tract infection in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia admitted to Tonekabon Shahid Rajaei Hospital, 2015. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 259 infants. The samples were selected by census method. To diagnose the urinary tract infection, urine with a 2-cc syringe was taken by pediatrician through suprapubic method. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: UTI was identified in 18 (6.9%) neonates, including 10 (55.5%) boys and 8 (44.4%) girls. Urine culture revealed 12 E. coli spp. and 6 Proteus spp. Also, in 49 (91.18%) were found to have prolonged jaundice. Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of UTI in neonates, urine culture is suggested in all infants hospitalized for jaundice even in those without prolonged jaundice.