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Background and purpose: Cough, hoarseness, and sore throat are complications of intubation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gargling with honey and lemon water on cough, sore throat, and hoarseness after extubation of endotracheal tube following surgery. Materials and methods: A clinical trial was carried out in 110 patients undergoing surgery in Neyshabur 22 Bahman Hospital, Iran 2020. They were selected using convenience sampling and randomly allocated to experimental or control group. In experimental group, 6 hours after surgery, 30 cc of honey lemon water was gargled, three times, every two hours and then swallowed. The control group received routine care. Postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness were assessed before the intervention, and 12 and 24 hours after extubation of endotracheal tube. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Findings showed no significant difference between the two groups in cough and sore throat 12 hours after extubation, but the score for hoarseness was lower in experimental group (P= 0.05). Twenty-four hours after extubation, cough (P= 0.001), hoarseness (P= 0.006), and sore throat (P= 0.023) were significantly lower in experimental group. The passage of time was found to significantly affect all three variables (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the positive effects of gargling with honey and lemon water in reducing the complications of endotracheal tube and no side effects, it is recommended to be used after extubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Sore throat is one of the most common complications of general anesthesia. The source of pain perhaps is from the pharyngeal, laryngeal or tracheal and maybe is the cause of unpleasantness, discomfort and a bad memory after general anesthesia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of lubricating lidocaine gel on the sore throat; cough and scratching of throat after laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion. Materials and methods: Sixty patients -who scheduled for elective eye surgery- underwent general anesthesia and with the inclusive criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control in a double-blinded study. The posterior surface of LMAs was lubricated with lidocaine gel 2% in the intervention group and non-medical lubricant gel in the control group. After induction of anesthesia that was similar in two groups, the LMA was inserted using classical method by an anesthesiologist who was unaware of the used gel, and after ensuring adequate ventilation LMAs were fixed in site. Twenty-four hours after the operation the patient's sore throat, coughing and itchy throat were checked. Results: Results showed that the two groups had no statistically significant differences regarding age and gender (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the amount of blood staining on LMA cuff after removal. The severity of sore throat in 24 hours after the surgery, the incidence of cough and itchy throat were similar as well. Conclusion: The gel used to facilitate placement of LMA has no impact on the postoperative sore throat, cough, and blood staining on LMA, and throat itching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: After marked reduction of pertussis during recent two decades the incidence of disease is increasing, particularly in early infancy. The main sources of infection in this age group are mother and other household close contacts. Our purpose was to examine whether administrating prepregnancy pertussis booster dose can induce long-term protection enough to provide higher maternal antibodies levels to their offsprings compared with prebooster titers. Materials and methods: Totally 114 healthy 18-35 year-old childbearing age women planning to become pregnant were boosted with one dose of adult type pertussis vaccine. Blood samples were obtained before, four weeks, and one year after boosting. Sera were tested for IgG antipertussis-antibodies using ELISA method. Descriptive statistical method and paired t-test were used to compare the data before and after vaccination. Results: Seroprevalence rate and mean concentration of antibodies at before vaccination were 69.3% and 68.19 (SD 38.46) Eu/mL, respectively which significantly increased to 93.8% and 152.82 (SD 70.31) EU/mL, respectively. One year after vaccination these rates were significantly higher than before vaccination (82.4%, and 107.0 (SD44.75) EU/mL, respectively). Serologically recent pertussis infection was detected in 3.5% of the women. Conclusion: Pertussis booster immunization was safe, well tolerated and highly immunogenic and resulted in immunity which was preserved for more than one year. Further investigations with larger sample size and longer duration are recommended. According to these findings and review of literature, targeted prepregnancy pertussis vaccine boosting may be an alternative strategy to protect young infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Bordetella pertussis is a gram negative and obligate aerobic bacteria that is cause of whooping cough and is exclusively a human pathogen. In the last decade increasing rate of pertussis was observed. Despite the importance of pertussis as a contagious disease enough information does not exist regarding its incidence rate in Iran. In this research pertussis suspicious specimens were collected from different provinces of Iran in 2009-2010 and then were studied. Materials and methods: A total of 1084 sample from nasopharyngeal secretion or nasal of patients with coughing more than two weeks were collected from different provinces of Iran and were sent to microbiology unit of pertussis reference laboratory in Pasteur institute of Iran. The isolation was done through culturing method. All samples were inoculated through swab on pertussis charcoal agar and Bordet-Gengou plates containing (40 μg/ml) cephalexin antibiotic and once without it. Then the suspected colonies were gram stained and complementary tests was done if colonies were identified as B. pertussis, B. parapertussis. Results: From the total of 1084 samples 12 inoculated samples were positive (1.1%) of which 11 samples were B. pertussis and one sample was B. parapertussis. Among positive cultures, three cases were the patients who were below 2 months, six cases related to individuals from two months to two years of age, two cases related to those aged between two and 10 years old and one patient was over 10 years of age. Nine cases of positive culture specimens were vaccinated and seven cases were the patients who used antibiotics. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that most isolated strains in Iran were related to those aged between two months to two years old. According to clinical and paraclinical problems regarding whooping cough in Iran and also low sensitivity of culturing method to diagnose Bordotella, complementary methods such as Real-Time PCR should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Severe, tormenting and long-term coughing in patients suffering from pertussis causes disturbances in their and their families' daily activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tramadol on alleviating coughing and severity of symptoms in pertussis patients. Materials and methods: Sixty cases of adult pertussis patients based on WHO and CDC guidelines were included in the study. Based on the severity of their clinical symptoms, they were divided into moderate and severe groups. The case group received Azithromycine, Cetirizine and Tramadol but the control group received only Azithromycine and Cetirizine. Results: The case group consisted of 13 male (43.33%) and 17 female (56.66%) patients: sixteen cases had severe and 14 cases moderate symptoms. The control group consisted of 14 male (46.66%) and 16 female (53.33%) patients: 17 cases had severe and 13 cases moderate symptoms. After one week of treatment in the case group, 7 cases were severe (22.33%) and 6 cases were moderate (20%) (p<0.05) but in the control group 43.33% were severe and 33.33% were moderate (p<0.05). Conclusion: A faster and more suitable reduction in clinical symptoms, especially coughing, using tramadol with an appropriate dose, can result in an improvement in patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]