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In planning the optimum treatment for patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD), it is essential to know as much as possible about their functional state. Assessment of the strength of certain muscles is the most direct measure of motor deficiency. In the development of normative data needed for patients with NMD, the use of torque measurements is required. Forty-nine patients (31 men and 18 women), from 18 to 54 years (mean age 33 ± 8.9 years), were included in the study. Five groups of patients, each having one of five different NMDs, were formed. We tested unilaterally the biceps brachii muscle that normally generates the highest torque. For this purpose an electronic brace enabling isometric measurements of torque during elbow flexion was designed. The patients produced three maximum voluntary elbow flexions that lasted about 3 s and separated by a pause of about 3 s. Force development was rapid with continuous build-up and isometric. About 15 s later the patients produced the last maximum voluntary elbow flexion, keeping it as stable as possible for a period of 30 s. Patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM), having the shortest mean halffatigue time (4.3 s), elicited the highest mean torque in both short maximum voluntary elbow flexions (1.34 Nm) as well as in the 30 s-long maximum voluntary elbow flexions. In contrast, patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (MD-FSH), having the longest mean half-fatigue time (15.4 s), elicited the lowest mean torque in both the short maximum voluntary (0.29 Nm) as well as in 30 s-long maximum voluntary elbow flexions. Patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (MD-B), having a mean half-fatigue time (11.1 s) slightly shorter than the patients with MD-FSH, elicited a higher mean torque in both the short (0.82 Nm) and the 30 s-long elbow flexions. Finally, patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (MD-RM) and spinal muscular atrophy type 3 (SMA3), having a similar mean half-fatigue time (6.9 s for patients with MD-RM and 7.4 s for patients with SMA3), also elicited similar torque in both short (0.45 Nm for patients with MD-RM and 0.65 Nm for patients with SMA3) and 30 s-long elbow flexions. The results of the study show that the methodology developed to quantitatively measure the torque of elbow flexions in patients with NMD enables the characteristics and natural course of NMD to be more objectively documented. Accordingly, the optimum treatment for patients with NMD could be restored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single channel force transducers, intended for measurement and evaluation curves of preconditioned fibres in muscles contracting synergistically during direct or indirect electric stimulation of isolated muscle, were designed, developed and experimentally tested. The force transducers were made up of a full Wheatstone bridge composed of four semiconductor strain gauges bonded on a specially designed cantilever. The transducers with a natural frequency 350 Hz and compliance of 0.25 l mg-1 represents a very linear dependence of the output voltage upon the load giving a sensitivity for the transducers of 0.5 mVmN-1 with a bridge excitation voltage of 5 V. The nominal range of each transducer is 0-70 mN. The system is able to record even a contraction of only a few muscle fibres, both single twitches as well as sustained tonic contractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]