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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum eosinophil cationic protein(ECP), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5 and gamma interferon(IFN-γ)in children with acute attack of bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 40 cases of children with bronchial asthma treated in the pediatric asthma outpatient and ward of the hospital in Xiamen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to June 2017 were selected as the observation group,30 healthy children of the same age were selected as the control group. Levels of above five serum inflammatory cytokines were detected before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment in the two groups.the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and asthma severity in children with asthma were analyzed. Results (l)The levels of serum ECP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ before treatment in the observation group were compared with those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant P<0.05); (2)The levels of serum IL-2.IFN-γ in asthmatic children were negatively correlated with the severity of asthma (rs =— 0.940, — 0.938, P<0.05), but ECP,lL-4 and IL-5 were positively correlated with the severity of asthma(rs = 0.944, 0.920, 0.915, P<0.05);(3)After two weeks treatment, the levels of ECP, IL-4 and IL-5 in the observation group were decreased, while the levels of IL-2 and INF-γ were increased, the differences were statistically significant P<0.05). Conclusion The combined detection of ECP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-2,IFN-γ is helpful for the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, and judging the change of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]