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Two-dimensional helical nanowire and nanosphere superstructures of PS- b -P2VP/S-mandelic acid with homochirality have been fabricated at the liquid/liquid and air/liquid interfaces via two kinds of approaches, respectively. [Display omitted] • PS-b-P2VP co-assembled with S-mandelic acid in the liquid/liquid interfacial phase. • Helical nanowires and nanospheres with homochirality formed. • These nanowires and nanospheres further assembled into 2D superstructures. • This is a one-step method to fabricate 2D superstructures of helical nanostructures. Chiral supramolecules have attracted great research interest due to their unique properties and functions. How to assemble them into the ordered superstructures, however, remains a challenge. In this paper, two methods have been developed to fabricate such superstructures. In method I, polystyrene- b -poly (2-vinylpyridine) (PS- b -P2VP) and S-mandelic acid (S-MA) diffused from the oil and aqueous phases respectively to the oil/water interface, combined and self-assembled into helical nanowires and nanospheres with monochirality, and formed parallel-aligned nanowire arrays and close-packed arrays at the liquid/liquid interface. In method II, PS- b -P2VP in DMF droplets was introduced into the aqueous solution of S-MA through a liquid/liquid interfacial phase transfer process. Then the polymer molecules self-assembled into helical nanowires and nanospheres with monochirality in the aqueous phase, which adsorbed at the air/liquid interface and organized into superstructures. The formation of chiral aggregates should be attributed to the induction of S-MA, while the superstructures at the interfaces were considered to result from the modulation by the interfacial pressures. This study has developed one-step techniques to assemble the chiral aggregates and superstructures, which is expected to become universal for fabrication of functional superstructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]