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• The reaction of 1-phenylbutane-1,3‑dione with PhNCS and 1-chloropropan-2-one in the presence of NaOEt afforded thiophene 5 , whereas in K 2 CO 3 -DMF mixture yielded thiazole 11. • The synthesized compounds were characterized based on their spectral and x-ray structure analysis. • Possible intermolecular interactions were elucidated using Hirshfeld topology analysis. • Thiophene 5 showed significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella SP., escherichia coli , and moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis. • Compounds 5 and 11 showed weak cytotoxic effects on HCT-116 and HepG-2 carcinoma cell lines. A base-controlled chemoselective reaction of 1-phenylbutane-1,3‑dione with PhNCS and 1-chloropropan-2-one is described. Thiophene derivative 5 is obtained from the reaction in NaOEt solution, whereas thiazole 11 was isolated using potassium carbonate/DMF mixture. Spectral and X-ray structure analyses were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. Possible intermolecular interactions that control the molecular packing of the studied crystalline compounds were elucidated using Hirshfeld topology analysis. For thiophene 5 , the O...H contacts are the most important and contribute to 17.7 % of the whole predicted interactions. In the case of thiazole 11 , the C H...π and O...H non-covalent interactions are the most important contacts whereas the%C...H and%O...H contacts are 16.7 and 22.8 %, respectively. Additionally, there are some short H...H (47.0 %) interactions were detected where the H16A...H10A (2.165 Å) is the most important. The H...H interaction is the most dominant interaction which contributed by 47.0 and 47.0 % in 5 , and 11 , respectively. When compounds 5 and 11 were tested for their antimicrobial activity, the results revealed that thiophene derivative 5 has promising activity against both Salmonella SP. and Escherichia coli when compared to the standard medication gentamicin. Moreover, they were tested using the MTT assay for their antitumor activities against the colon carcinoma cell line (HCT-116) and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2). The results showed a lower cytotoxic effect against various cell lines in comparison to doxorubicin. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Solvent-dependent photophysical properties of bupivacaine are studied. • Drug-solvent interactions (dipole-dipole versus hydrogen bonding) are specified. • Solvatochromic models used to estimate dipole moments are compared. • The role of the solute polarizability on the obtained dipole moment values is evaluated. The solvent dependent ground- and excited-state photophysical and photochemical properties of the local anesthetic drug – bupivacaine (BUP) – have been studied using a steady-state spectroscopic technique. The Kamlet-Taft solvent scale was used to describe the solvatochromism of BUP in terms of non-specific (dipole-dipole) and specific (hydrogen bonding) solute-solvent interactions. The performed analysis indicates that the major factor responsible for the shift of the absorption and fluorescence bands is solvent polarity, while the solvent acidity and basicity have a less significant effect. Finally, it has also been shown how the solvatochromic equations can be used, in principle, to obtain estimates for the ground- and excited-state (Franck-Condon and relaxed) dipole moments, the difference thereof and the polarizability of BUP from a simple analysis of spectral shift data (solvatochromic methods of Lippert and Mataga, McRae, Bakhshiev and Mataga and Kubota) and multiple linear regression analysis (model of solvatochromism developed by Bayliss, McRae and Ooshika). In addition, an innovative physical treatment was used, consisting of a non-linear fit of the absorption and emission spectral shift data using the theoretical model of solvatochromism developed by Bilot and Kawski and visualisation of the least squares coefficient (χ 2) on a 3D map as a function of the solute polarizability and the gas phase absorption or fluorescence energies. Since the solute polarizability can affect both the electronic characteristics and the reactivity of the molecule, our investigations may have significant implications for the development of the pharmaceutical industry (understanding of the influence of the environment on intermolecular processes occurring in the drug-medium system). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Previously synthesized ligand undergoes detailed structural analysis, focusing on crystallographic and molecular intricacies. • Minimal deviations from least-squares planes of rings A and C imply nearly coplanar ring orientation. • Comprehensive Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals diverse intermolecular interactions, emphasizing H-atom contacts and confirmed π...π interactions. • Investigation into mechanical stability of crystal packing highlights absence of significant voids, enhancing overall structural robustness. • Study assesses ligand's potential for supercapacitor applications, showing promising energy storage capacity, longevity, and rapid charge/discharge capabilities, suggesting new possibilities for energy storage systems. This study provides an in-depth structural analysis by scrutinizing the crystallographic and molecular intricacies of a previously synthesized ligand. The molecular arrangement reveals deviations of specific atoms from the ring planes, emphasizing the nearly coplanar orientations of the planar rings. A comprehensive Hirshfeld surface analysis unveils various intermolecular interactions, underscoring the significance of H-atom contacts. Notably, confirming π...π interactions provides valuable insights into the balancing forces at play. Exploring the mechanical stability of the crystal packing through void analysis, the absence of significant voids contributes to the overall robustness of the structure. Intermolecular interaction energies, predominantly electrostatic, are analyzed through energy frameworks. In conclusion, this study not only illuminates the crystal structure of the ligand but also facilitates a comprehensive understanding of intermolecular interactions. The findings contribute insights into potential applications, extending the investigation to the ligand's supercapacitor performance. The promising results in energy storage capacity, longevity, and rapid charge/discharge capabilities open new avenues for the ligand's applications in energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DA and NA cocrystal was synthesized by low evaporation method. • Cocrystal structure was solved by single-crystal XRD. • H⋯H, H⋯O, and H⋯C hydrogen bonds were identified by Hirshfeld surfaces. • A correct assignment of all IR and Raman vibration modes was determined. • DFT calculations were performed in the crystal of DA-NA. A new cocrystal formed of decanoic acid (DA) and nicotinamide (NA) crystallizing into a triclinic system (P 1 ¯), with cell parameters a = 4.9774(7) Å, b = 5.3143(9) Å, c = 30.895(5) Å, α = 86.715(5)°, β = 86.391(5)°, γ = 89.642(5)°, and V = 814.3(2) Å3 is reported herein. The nitrogen atoms within the NA molecule stabilize the crystalline lattice by forming hydrogen bonds with DA molecules, resulting in dimers laterally packed as lamellar structures. Furthermore, by means of Hirshfeld's surfaces, it was verified that the main intermolecular contacts are H⋯H, O⋯H, and C⋯H types. Complementarily, the unit cell of the compound had a void volume of 62.72 Å3 and a surface area of 234.15 Å2. In addition, inter- and intramolecular vibration modes were thoroughly determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the DA-NA crystal. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crystal structures of (E)-4-cholor-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide was determined. • Substitution effect studied through Hirshfeld surface analysis. • Energetics of molecular dimers through CLP-PIXEL energy. • Dimensionality of packing features compared. • N–H⋅⋅⋅O=C type hydrogen bond, lone-pair-π (Cl⋅⋅⋅π) and C–S⋅⋅⋅N chalcogen bond were observed. A newly synthesized compound, (E)-4-chloro- N '-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide, has undergone characterization through NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. By leveraging the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), closely related structures to the title compound were identified and compared in terms of conformation to elucidate the substitution effect. Furthermore, Hirshfeld surface analysis and the assessment of the relative contribution of various intermolecular interactions shed light on the impact of substitutions introduced in hydrazide derivatives. The energetics of the molecular dimers observed in the title compound were delineated using CLP-PIXEL energy calculations. These dimers are formed from a range of non-covalent interactions, including a strong N–H⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bond, N–H⋅⋅⋅N, and C–H⋅⋅⋅N/OS/π interactions. Moreover, a σ-hole interaction, such as a chalcogen bond, is observed in one of the molecular dimers, coexisting with other types of interactions to stabilize the molecular dimer. The nature of the chalcogen bond was characterized through a deformation electron density map. The dimensionality of the similarity between the title compound and its closely related structures from the CSD was calculated to comprehend the effect of substitution introduced in one of the aryl rings in hydrazide derivatives. Furthermore, topological analysis was conducted to examine the nature and strength of noncovalent interactions present in the title compound using the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis, experimental and theoretical investigation of new class of D4BR. • FMO, MEP and electronic properties were elucidated for the synthesized compound. • NBO, topology analysis (ELF, LOL) were estimated. • To explore the binding modes of the D4BR, a molecular docking simulation was performed. The present study investigated the synthesis, structural, topological, and electronic properties of (1E,1′E)-N,N'-(sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-(4-bromophenyl)methanimine) D4BR as well as its geometrical properties as well as its wave functional properties. Additionally, we examined the geometrical and wave functional properties of D4BR. The band gap values were calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The reactive sites were determined through the utilization of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis. The calculation of excited energies (UV–Visible) was done by using the time dependant density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach and compared to the experimental UV spectral analysis. The natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) approach was employed to investigate the charge transfer, within the molecule by examining both intra-molecular and inter-molecular interactions. The highest dipole moment and hyper-polarizability values of the compound were identified by the investigation conducted by the non-linear optical (NLO) research. The molecular docking study identified the biological activity of the titled compound. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two novel 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives synthesized, showcasing distinct π···π, CH···π, and NH···O hydrogen bonding interactions. • Hirshfeld surface analysis and QTAIM/NCI plots delineate the intermolecular interactions. • DFT studies at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level provide insights into the energy landscapes of π-stacking and hydrogen bonding. The synthesis and XRD characterization of two new 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives (3a - 5a) namely ethyl‐6‐nitro‐3a‐(p ‐tolylamino)‐1,2,3,3a‐tetrahydrobenzo[ b ]cyclopenta[e][1,4]oxa-zine‐9a(9 H)‐carboxylate (3a) and methyl-6,10b-dimethyl-5a,6,10b,11-tetrahydrobenzo[ 5 , 6 ][1,4]oxazino[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylate (5a) are reported herein. In both compounds it is observed the formation of π···π and CH···π interactions and strong NH···O H-bonds, which were studied energetically at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. The Hisrhfeld surface and QTAIM analyses and NCI plots were used to study the nature and the extent of different intermolecular interactions observed in both structures, revealing the existence of additional R 2 1 (6) and R 2 1 (7) synthons. In addition, using the potential energy density as energy predictor, the QTAIM method is useful to investigate the relative contribution of each interaction to the formation of the assemblies. Synthesis and XRD characterization of two new 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives are reported herein along with Hisrhfeld surface and QTAIM analyses and NCI plots to interpret the intermolecular interactions observed in the solid state. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The CS- ABM /MoF composite film was fabricated using a solution casting method. • The plasticizer of ABM improves the film's physicochemical properties. • Improved hydrophilicity to induce swelling ratio for biodegradability. • Enhance drug release (80 %) at 24 h for sustainable and control killing efficiency to cancer cells. • Zone of inhibition of S.aureus (ATCC33591) 21 ± 1.0 mm and E.coli (ATCC10536) 22 ± 1.4 mm. Binary biodegradable polymers exhibit excellent functional behavior but the limited mechanical integrity for regulating drug release within the polymeric matrix, hence it needs modification in the polymer network to overcome the limitations. The compatibility of bipolymer blends with incorporation of drugs within their matrices to enhance physicochemical properties and drug delivery kinetics have garnered significant attention in recent research. Herein, we examine the influence of the film produced by the casting technique, which consists of chitosan (CS) and Aloe barbadensis miller (ABM) gel, embedded with moxifloxacin (MoF), on attenuating the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. Firstly, spectroscopy confirmed the intermolecular interactions between the matrixes and the grafting of components. Notably, the addition of ABM produces significant changes in the film properties, such as decreased elongation. The pivotal moment resulted in the generation of more stable films that displayed enhanced stability at temperatures below 200 °C, as confirmed by TGA analysis. Additionally, film surfaces exhibiting strong water affinity were found to be more favorable for cell adhesion, subsequently hindering the proliferation of compromised cells. Remarkably, the In vitro cytotoxicity study showed the antibiotic-grafted CS- ABM /MoF scaffolds exhibited high cell adhesion and improved the rate of cell death was higher compared to other films. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli results strongly suggests the enhanced antibiotic ability of the polymeric CS- ABM /MoF film. These results findings indicated that the CS- ABM /MoF scaffolds' hydrophilic surface significantly contributes to the improved cell adhesion efficiently used for biomedical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis and crystal structure of four new Mn(II) coordination compounds with schiff base derived from ampyrone. • Investigation of the spectroscopic properties of the Mn(II) coordination compounds. • Hirshfeld surface analysis and investigation of intermolecular interactions in the structure of the Mn(II) coordination compounds. Four manganese(II) coordination compounds, [Mn 2 (L1) 2 (NCS) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] (1) [Mn(HL2) 2 (NCS) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] (2) [Mn 2 (L3) 2 (NCS) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] (3) and [Mn(HL3) 2 (NCS) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] (4) have been synthesized from the reaction of MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, KSCN and Schiff base ligands derived from 4-aminoantipyrine (HL1= (E)-4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro- 3H -pyrazol-3-one; HL2 = (E)-4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro- 3H -pyrazol-3-one and HL3 = (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one) in methanol and the products have been characterized with single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The detailed studies involve the synthesis, crystal structure, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, bond sum valence calculations, elemental and Hirshfeld surface analyses. In the case of 1 and 3 , the phenolate bridged dinuclear MnII complexes are formed by chelating two Schiff base ligands, two thiocyanates and two methanol molecules and two crystallographically equivalent MnII ions are connected together by phenolate oxygen with the Mn···Mn distance of 3.1618(4) (in 1) and 3.1910(6) Å (in 3). In the case of 2 and 4 , the octahedral coordination geometry of the MnII center in these mononuclear species is formed by chelating two Schiff base ligands, two thiocyanates and two methanol molecules. The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bond in 2 leads to the formation of molecular chains within the layers. Also, the presence of efficient π···π interactions between pyrazolone and phenyl rings and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in 4 lead to the formation of molecular chains within the layers. All of the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions have been studied by Hirshfeld surface analyses. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Details groundbreaking LPL enhancement strategies via host-guest interactions. • Shows how molecular structure boosts LPL efficiency and RTP. • Covers wide applications from bioimaging to data encryption. • Forecasts future RTP material synthesis and research directions. Organic long-persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have received widespread attention due to their unique advantages. An increasing number of researchers are using host-guest doping strategies to develop pure organic LPL systems. Small fused ring/heterocycle molecules are frequently being selected as guest molecules due to their long triplet lifetime and heteroatoms, which can enhance the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and promote the intersystem crossing (ISC). Furthermore, these molecules can form various intermolecular interactions with the host matrix, thereby effectively stabilizing and protecting the generated triplet excitons, reducing nonradiative transitions, and ultimately leading to persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) phenomena. This review aims to explore the structure of guest molecules and delves into two fundamental aspects: fused ring guest molecules and fused heterocyclic guest molecules, and illustrate the influence of some typical guest molecules of fused ring/heterocycle on the doping system. In addition, the application progress of these doped materials in related fields is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A zinc complex of potassium 5-thiophen-2-yl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole-2-thiolate (Kthot) was synthesized and characterized. • Kthot was obtained via cyclization of potassium N'-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-hydrazine carbodithioate. • The anti-cancer activity of both compounds was examined against MDA-MB-231 cells. • MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of Kthot and zinc complex. • The viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was more effectively inhibited by complex than Kthot. Recent advancements in developing the most suitable drug for humankind to cure cancer have paved the way to synthesize an alternative to platinum-based drugs. Herein, the synthesis of novel polymeric complex [Zn(thot) 2 ] n (1) derived from potassium 5-thiophen-2-yl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole-2-thiolate (Kthot) is reported. The synthesized ligand and complex were characterized by infrared, NMR, Mass and UV–vis. spectrometry. Moreover, single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the polymeric nature of the [Zn(thot) 2 ] n (1). Complex 1 is stabilized via various types of intermolecular interactions. The intermolecular interaction found in complex 1 was further investigated through Hirshfeld surface analysis. Emission spectra data showed that complex [Zn(thot) 2 ] n (1) exhibits higher fluorescent intensity than Kthot. The cytotoxicity of complex 1 and Kthot was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which was determined by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity using MTT as substrate. The result showed that they both suppressed the viability of cancer cells. Moreover, complex 1 was found to be more effective than ligand salt Kthot. The IC 50 value for complex 1 was found around 37.43 μM whereas for Kthot it is 69.24 μM which suggests that complex 1 reduces the cell viability more effectively in comparison to the ligand salt. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study serves as a comprehensive investigation into the molecular crystal structures of three polymorphic forms of ethyl maltol. Crystal structures of the polymorphs grown via slow evaporation and quench cooling crystallization processes were determined through single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Through the utilization of SCXRD data CIF file as an input, we explored the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions, atom pair close contacts, interaction types, 2D fingerprint plots, surface characteristics and percentage of voids present within each polymorph of ethyl maltol. The comparative analysis involves the application of advanced methods, such as Hirshfeld surface analysis and 3D-energy frameworks using Crystal Explorer 17.5. In a supramolecular organization, intermolecular interaction between the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups is a collective structural motif employed among the three polymorphs. However the three polymorphs share common structural features, but the conformations within the crystal packing of each form are different from each other. Shape Index and Curvedness surfaces reveal π stacking interactions with varying properties on differing sides of the molecular moieties between the polymorph. Fingerprint analysis emphasizes that (H...H) is the predominant interaction whereas (O...H) and (H...O) interactions contribute more towards the generation of H-bond interactions in the structure of ethyl maltol polymorphs. The crystal structures of all the three ethyl maltol polymorphs stabilized by various intermolecular contacts within the Hirshfeld surface area was comparable. The interaction energy and the 3D-energy frameworks offer a visualization of the crystal packing topology, enhancing our understanding of the three-dimensional arrangement of molecules and their structural stability. The resulting overall average total energy values for Form-I, Form-II and Form-III polymorphs of ethyl maltol are -56.3 kJ /mol, -74 kJ /mol and -80.45 kJ /mol respectively which reveals that all the three polymorphs show a significant difference in their total energies and reveals further that Form-III polymorph of ethyl maltol is the most stable one while Form-I is the least stable and Form-II is metastable relatively. Moreover, the dispersion energy framework is predominant over the electrostatic energy framework. The void analysis reveals the percentage of volume occupied by the voids present in the unit cell of Form-I, Form-II, and Form-III polymorphs of ethyl maltol are found to be 7.20%, 6.55 %, and 9.43% respectively. Intermolecular interactions and three dimensional topology of crystal packing of ethyl maltol polymorphs are identified through Hishfeld Surface Analysis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new Salen type Schiff base complexes with large conjugated structure. • The influence of halogen atoms on the energy gap of Schiff base complexes. • The influence of halogen atoms on the binding energies. • Visualization and analysis of intramolecular/intermolecular interactions. The manipulation of intermolecular interaction intensities significantly influences a wide range of domains in material science, attracting widespread attention from researchers. In this study, we used a strategy distinct from the adjustment of molecular skeletons, through the introduction of different halogenated ligands, two new coplanar halogenated Schiff base complexes with large conjugate structure [CuII(3,5-Cl-Salphmen)]·DMF(CuL3,5-Cl) and [CuII(3Br-5Cl-Salphmen)]·DMF(CuL3Br5Cl), where 3,5-Cl-Salphmen(H 2 L3,5-Cl) = N,N′ -bis(3,5-dichlorosalicylidene)- diamine, 3Br-5Cl-Salphmen(H 2 L3,5-Br) = N,N′ -bis(3‑bromo-5-chlorosalicylidene)- diamine were obtained. The effects of different substituted atoms on molecular orbitals, energy levels, intermolecular interstrength are analyzed in detail by DFT theory calculations, and compared with CuII-3,5-Br-Salphmen(CuL3,5-Br) and non-halogenated analogues CuII-Salphmen(CuLH). Analysis results show that the strategy of increasing molecular conjugation by the substitution of different halogen atoms can not only effectively modulate the charge distribution on the benzene ring but also can precisely control the binding energy as well as strength of intermolecular interactions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Comparison of structural diversity of PDA and its di-hydrate has been explored. • The lattice energy of PDA outperformed 43.3% than its di-hydrate. • Electrostatic forces dominate in PDA and dispersion forces in its di-hydrate. • AIM's topological parameters reveal closed-shell nature of noncovalent interactions. • RBG color scheme of NCI analysis characterizes the nature of noncovalent interactions. Crystals of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (1) have been structurally characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and compared with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid dihydrate ((2) retrieved from CSD), and explore the solid-state networks. In the solid state, compound (1) exhibits both hydrogen bonding and π···π interactions, while the supramolecular network of compound (2) is stabilized only by hydrogen bonding interactions. The non-covalent interactions are characterized by various computational studies such as Hirshfeld surface analysis, Bader's 'Atoms in Molecules' (AIM) theory, and 'Non-covalent interaction' (NCI) plot analysis. Hirshfeld surfaces and corresponding 2D fingerprint plots reveal the contribution of non-covalent interactions involved in the structure. Lattice energy framework calculations also are carried out for both compounds. The topological parameters of the AIM analysis suggest the 'closed-shell' nature of the non-covalent interactions. Further, NCI plots and scatter graphs (RDG vs sign (λ 2)ρ) characterize non-covalent interactions with a color scheme. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 2 a series of 7-acetyl-2-aryl-5-nitrobenzofurans were prepared and characterized. • The DFT, hirschfeld and QTAIM calculations were used to examine intramolecular interactions. • The compounds exhibited inhibitory effects against (MDA-MB-231) and cervical cancer (Caski) cell lines. • Their Fe-reducing power in the ferric ion reducing antioxidant was determined. • Their ADMET and bioavailability properties are presented. Synthesis of 7-acetyl-2-aryl-5-nitrobenzofurans 2a – j involved sequential Sonogashira cross-coupling of 2-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitroacetophenone with terminal acetylenes and in situ Cacchi-type cycloisomerization of 5-alkynylated intermediates. Hirshfeld's fingerprint diagrams and surface analysis showed varied intermolecular interactions. Additionally, intramolecular interactions were examined using DFT and QTAIM calculations. Benzofuran derivatives were tested for antiproliferative efficacy in vitro against MDA-MB-231 and Caski cell lines. The 1-(5-nitro-2-(p -tolyl)benzofuran-7-yl)ethan-1-one 2h showed promising antiproliferative activity against Caski and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, with IC 50 values of 26.96 ± 4.97 µM and 5.13 ± 0.86 µM, respectively, compared to Camptothecin (IC 50 = 8.96 ± 0.23 and 24.69 ± 0.26 µM). Derivatives with 2-(4-fluorophenyl)- 2c , 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 2g , and 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 2j groups showed significant antioxidant activity, with Fe-reducing power values of 520.14 ± 1.34 µM, 433.50 ± 1.30 µM, and 466.08 ± 1.91 µM, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid (IC 50 = 538.05 µM). The most active molecules that docked with protease (2c, 2g , and 2j) and FKBP12-mTOR (2d, 2h and 2j) active site residues showed significant interactions which were confirmed by Molecular dynamic simulation. ADME investigation indicated drug-like characteristics, safe in silico toxicity, and no carcinogenic or mutagenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Syntheses of diverse para- substituted Arylazothioformamide (ATF) ligands and their Cu(I) complexes. • Characterization of the new ligands and complexes using multiple physicochemical and analytical techniques. • The electronics factored heavily with para- substituted electron donating (-OMe, Me) groups stronger binders with Cu(I) salts than electron withdrawing (-CF 3 , -CN) ATF groups. • Theoretical studies were performed to confirm the experimental results. Redox-active arylazothioformamide (ATF) ligands have seen attention through their unique coordination complexes formed with salts of late transition metals and their known ability to oxidatively dissolve zerovalent metals. When mixed with Cu(I) salts, ATF ligands form both 2:1 and 2:2 coordination complexes remaining neutral without undergoing any redox event. Herein, a series of para -substituted pyrrolidine-ATFs were synthesized, incorporating both electron-donating groups (i.e., -OMe and -Me) as well as electron-withdrawing groups (i.e., -CF 3 , and -CN). These ligands were then mixed with Cu(I) salts, including CuBr, CuI, and [(CH 3 CN) 4 Cu](BF 4) to form coordination complexes. The resulting complexes underwent thorough characterization, with several producing X-ray quality crystals for detailed structural analysis. Both strong and weak intermolecular interactions were found through Hirshfeld surface analysis and the redox activity of the complexes was probed using cyclic voltammetry in the voltage range of -1.8 to 1.8 V. Through a UV–Vis titration study, the binding interactions between the ligand host and Cu(I) metal salt guest molecules were determined and ranged from 4,000 – 100,000 M-1. Computational modeling was employed to calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the formation of the complexes, revealing the optimal orientations between the ligand and the metal. These studies have confirmed that para -substituted pyrrolidine-ATFs containing electron-donating groups exhibit a higher binding affinity towards Cu(I) metal salts compared to those with electron-withdrawing groups. With a thorough understanding of ATF-metal coordination, further ligand design can lead to exciting new catalysts and/or selective metal dissolution agents. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Complexes 1 and 2 were synthesized and structurally characterized. • The 3-hydroxy coordination readily forms polynuclear complexes. • Counterions and solvents affect complex structures. • Complexes 1 and 2 showed varying fluorescence quenching. A salamo-based bicompartmental ligand H 4 L was successfully prepared, which self-assembled with copper(II) and nickel(II) salts in stoichiometric ratios of 1:2 to construct polynuclear copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes: [Cu 2 (HL)(NO 3)(H 2 O)] (1) and [Ni 4 (μ -HL) 2 (μ -OAc) 2 ]⋅2CH 3 COCH 3 (2). Complex 1 contains one partially deprotonated (HL)3− part, two copper(II) atoms, one coordinated monodentate nitrate ion and one coordinated water molecule. Each copper(II) center is located in the geometric structure of square pyramidal. While complex 2 is composed of four nickel(II) atoms, two ligand (HL)3− parts, and two bridging μ -OAc− anions. The differently structural complexes acquired may be attributed to the different solvents and anions used in the synthesis process. Whether or not 3-hydroxyl group of salicylaldehyde unit in H 4 L is involved in the coordination further influences the diversification of the structures of the complexes. The reaction sites and intermolecular interactions were further evaluated by MEPs, IRI, Hirshfeld surface and finally the fluorescence properties were explored. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermodynamic properties and intermolecular interactions were studied. • The γ (exp) values of all mixtures were calculated and highly correlated with γ (pre). • Intermolecular interaction between DESs and solvents was studied based on the RDFs. • Dynamic properties of DESs and solvents were investigated in terms of the MSD. • The variation trend of d i and x of each component in all binary mixtures was observed. To deep understand the thermodynamic properties and intermolecular interactions of quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), two novel DESs systems ([TPAB]:[MA] and [TBAB]:[MA]) were synthesized using tetrapropylammonium bromide ([TPAB]) or tetrabutylammonium bromide ([TBAB]) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and malonic acid ([MA]) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Then, the ethanol (ETN) and acetonitrile (ACN) were used to prepare four DESs + solvent mixtures. Based on experimental data of density and surface tension of these four binary mixtures, the thermodynamic parameters such as apparent molar volume (V ϕ), excess molar volume (V E), limiting apparent molar expansibility (E 0 ϕ), molar surface entropy (s), molar surface Gibbs energy (g s), and molar surface enthalpy (h) were calculated. At the same temperature, the calculated V E values of binary mixtures were arranged in the following sequence: [TBAB]:[MA] + [ETN] > [TPAB]:[MA] + [ETN] > [TPAB]:[MA] + [ACN] > [TBAB]:[MA] + [ACN]. Based on the radial distribution functions (RDFs) theory, this observed phenomenon was attributed to the enhanced interaction between HBA and [ETN] in the DESs + [ETN] as compared to the interaction between HBA and [ACN] in the DESs + [ACN]. The predicted surface tension values (γ (pre)) of the four binary mixtures were calculated and highly correlated with the experimental surface tension values (γ (exp)). Moreover, the Br 1 atom in [TPAB], the Br 2 atom in [TBAB], and the H 9 atom in [MA] were selected as reference sites. The interaction strength sequence between HBD and HBA was investigated using RDFs as follows: [TBAB]:[MA] + [ACN] > [TPAB]:[MA] + [ACN] > [TBAB]:[MA] + [ETN] > [TPAB]:[MA] + [ETN]. This study can provide an important theoretical support for further utilization of quaternary ammonium salts-based DESs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New benzimidazole derivative was synthesized and characterized by IR and (1H, 13C) NMR. • Its 3D structure has been obtained by SC-XRD, B3LYP and B3LYP-GD3(BJ). • The intermolecular interactions were explored using the hirshfeld surface. • The NLO parameters of the title compound and the benzimidazole ring were evaluated. • Biological behavior was studied theoretically using molecular docking. In this study, we report the synthesis of (Z)-3-((Z)-3-phenylallylidene)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]thiazole-1(3H)-thione (ThBMT). This compound belongs to an important group of molecules containing two or more heterocyclic moieties. ThBMT was experimentally characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy. The absolute 3D structure of ThBMT was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing crystallization in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four molecules in the unit cell. First principle theoretical calculations were carried out via the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method with B3LYP and B3LYP-GD3(BJ) functionals using the 6–311++G(d, p) basis set. The geometrical parameters of ThBMT were analyzed and compared to those of optimization, which were found to be consistent. The crystal packing and their intermolecular interactions were studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing that the most common interactions were C-H⋅⋅⋅N and C-H⋅⋅⋅S. Furthermore, theoretical vibrational wavenumbers were computed, assigned, and compared to the experimental ones. The (1H, 13C) NMR chemical shifts were calculated and compared with experimental values. The compound's nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were also investigated to understand its potential applications in optoelectronics, and compared to those of the benzimidazole fragment. The results showed promising NLO characteristics. Molecular docking and in silico ADMET studies were reported to highlight the biological behavior of ThBMT, indicating anti-tuberculosis properties, and anti-tumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Trimethoprim 2-aminobenzoate salt obtained. • Qualitative assessment of intermolecular interactions using Hirshfeld surface. • Stabilizing & destabilizing molecular dimers were identified using the CLP-PIXEL method. • Evaluation of charge-assisted hydrogen bonds utilizing the IQA method. • XPac program utilized for structural similarity analysis. A comprehensive investigation of the weak non-covalent interactions within the crystal structure of trimethoprim 2-aminobenzoate (2,6-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidin-1-ium 2-aminobenzoate) is presented. The protonation of trimethoprim and the deprotonation of 2-aminobenzoate were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Qualitative Hirshfeld surface analysis identified intermolecular H···H, O···H, and C···H contacts as the three primary interactions within the title salt. Fourteen molecular pairs (M 1AA − M 14AB) were extracted from the crystal packing of the title salt using the PIXEL method. These molecular dimers were further characterized using the QTAIM and DFT approaches. Seven intermolecular pairs (M 1AA − M 7BB) formed between like-charged species (i.e. +1···+1 or -1···-1) resulted in destabilization, with total energies (E tot) ranging from 67.2 to 200.1 kJ mol-1. Conversely, molecular pairs formed between oppositely charged species (i.e. +1···-1) exhibited stabilizing behavior, with interaction energies ranging from -133.7 to -449.7 kJ mol-1. Topological analysis of charge density revealed that two N–H···O hydrogen bonds between cation and anion displayed an intermediate character between shared and closed-shell interactions. Additionally, comparison with previously reported similar TMP salts (CSD ref. code: CESRUN, HURMOW and PARWUB) demonstrated 3D-isostructural packing features in the crystal structure of the title salt. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel hydrazonoyltetrazole was isolated from a complex reaction mixture. • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the compound was performed. • HSA, NCI, and AIM analyses revealed intra- and intermolecular interactions in crystal. • Two distinct conformers were found in solution. • NMR spectra simulations, energy calculations, and LED analysis were performed. A new hydrazonoyltetrazole was isolated as a byproduct from a previously reported reaction, and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Intermolecular interactions in the crystal state were examined by Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA), 2D fingerprint plots, and noncovalent interaction analysis (NCI). Geometry optimization in the gaseous phase was executed at the ωB97X-D4/def2-TZVPP level of theory, and subsequent maps of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were generated and analyzed. The calculated MEP was in good agreement with the HSA and NCI results. Conformational analysis was performed using a CREST/CENSO protocol. Two low-energy solution conformers were obtained. To confirm the presence of the second conformer, 1H NMR spectra were calculated, the transition state connecting the two conformers was found, and their energies were obtained with the DLPNO CCSD(T) scheme. A barrier of only 4 kcal mol-1 was found between them, and their MEP maps were also created. The dispersion energies between fragments of the three structures were calculated using the local energy decomposition (LED) scheme. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vibrational frequencies of U4-CAN were assigned and the intra-and inter-molecular interactions analysis done. • FTIR spectra of U4-CAN were recorded at different temperatures in the range 293 K to 368 K. • The fingerprint plot of U4-CAN indicated that the most prominent interaction corresponds to the short O···H contacts. • The NCI study indicated that the U4-CAN complex has steric, van der waals and hydrogen bond interaction. • From QTAIM calculation the strongest hydrogen -bond interaction in U4-CAN complex was for N H.....O and N H.....N interactions. Urea 4-carboxyanilinium nitrate (U4-CAN) and its functional groups deuterated counterpart dU4-CAN were studied using infrared vibrational spectroscopy and computational analysis. Using the known frequencies of the parent components the infrared vibrational frequencies of U4-CAN and dU4-CAN were assigned. FTIR study was carried out to understand how the intra-and inter-molecular interactions in the parent components are affected by U4-CAN co-crystal formation. U4-CAN undergoes isostructural phase transition at 359.1 K. Hence FTIR spectra of U4-CAN were also recorded at different temperature in the range 293 K to 368 K. The interesting observation seen with temperature dependent spectra was:(i) the spectral band intensity increased with increasing temperature and (ii) the peak position of almost all bands did not change in the entire temperature range studied. This results corroborate with the reported structural data of U4-CAN were in it is found that the structural phase transition is isostructural. Hence the crystal structure in the range 293 K to 368 K has same space group and differ only in few hydrogen bond interactions. In order to carry out various theoretical calculation of U4-CAN, the crystallographically obtained structure at 293 K was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6–311 G basis set. The theoretical calculated vibration spectra were similar to the experimentally obtained FTIR data. The fingerprint plot of U4-CAN obtained using CrystalExplorer 21 software indicated that the most prominent interaction corresponds to the short O···H contact. Noncovalent interaction (NCL) study indicated that the U4-CAN complex has steric, van der Waals and hydrogen bond interactions and the N H⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond interaction between NH 3 +/ NH 2 moieties and NO 3 - was the strongest. From QTAIM calculation the strongest hydrogen bond interaction in U4-CAN complex was for N H.....O and N H.....N interactions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• RbHF crystal is grown by low temperature solution growth method. • The formed crystal exhibits 88% transparency and a larger bandgap. • The RbHF crystal is thermally stable up to 170°C. • Intermolecular interactions can be evaluated by hirshfeld surface analysis. • The RbHF crystal can be employed for optoelectronic applications. A solvent evaporation method produced an optically high-quality semiorganic single crystal of Rubidium hydrogen fumarate (RbHF) at room temperature. The structural analysis reported that the RbHF crystallized in triclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group P 1 ¯. The Powder XRD pattern indicates the grown crystal have good crystalline nature. FTIR spectroscopy examined the functional group and bonding in the grown molecule. A optical transparency of about 88% were observed in RbHF and having energy bandgap of 3.9 eV were calculated using Tauc's plot. The grown crystals were thermally stable upto 170°C. Mechanical and dielectric analysis has been carried and their properties were discussed in detail. Intermolecular interactions were studied using Hirshfeld surface maps and 2D fingerprint plots. The grown crystal have positive photoconductivity nature. A Z-scan were used to study the third order NLO response in RbHF crystal. The third order nonlinear susceptibility of RbHF crystal was estimated as (χ3) = 1.60244 × 10-08 esu, nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) = 6.39395 × 10-5 cm2/W and nonlinear refractive index (n 2) = 9.15822 × 10-12 cm/W. The observed results of the RbHF single crystal show, it has the potential application in optical and optoelectronic devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• APTT was synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. • Structural, topological and electronic proprieties of APTT were studied by B3LYP/6-311++G** calculations. • Complete assignments of vibration modes are reported. • Good concordances there are between experimental spectra and predicted geometrical parameters. • APTT was evaluated in vitro for their antihyperglycemic activity. In this work, 1,2,4-triazole derivative derived from Isoniazid namely, 4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (APTT) was synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS-ESI, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The optimized structures of monomer, dimer and tetramer of APTT with the hybrid B3LYP/6-311++G** method explain the inter and intra-molecular interactions observed experimentally by X-ray diffraction. The presence of tetramer justify the strong IR bands observed in the 2400 and 1800 cm-1 region. The IR spectrum was completely assigned and the scaled force constants reported by using the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) approach and the Molvib program. Good correlations between experimental and predicted NMR and UV-Vis spectra are obtained. Both NBO and AIM calculations reveal the inter and intra-molecular interactions and the low stability of APTT in solution while the gap values suggest its low reactivity in the same medium. The different studies reveal the important role of intra and inter-molecular interactions in the stability and reactivity of APTT in the two media. Also, antimicrobial activity of APTT was evaluated against common bacteria and fungi as S. aureus, S. pyrogenes, E. faecalis, V. parahaemolyticus, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata , and C. parasilosis. The antimicrobial activity results showed that APTT exhibited both bactericidal and fungicidal activity against all the microbial strains tested. These two effects underline the versatility of the title compound in combating a broad spectrum of microbial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The structure of the MEMPI crystal is reported for the first time in this work. • Hirshfeld analysis confirms intermolecular interactions. • χ3 value of MEMPI crystal is high compared to other NLO crystals. • The grown MEMPI crystal is most suitable for optical switching applications. In this study, a novel cation donor group 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde has been incorporated in the Stilbazolium cation with iodide anion to generate a new NLO activity of a single crystal of 4-(2-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl)-1-methyl pyridinium iodide (MEMPI). The MEMPI crystal was effectively formed via the solvent evaporation technique. The structure and hydrogen bond interactions found in the molecule were determined by employing single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the space group P 21/c and monoclinic crystal pattern. The crystal structures are stabilized via intramolecular, intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions, C‒H···π, cation‒π, anion‒π, π···π stacking and lone pair-π interaction. In addition, a variety of O‒H···O, O‒H···I and C‒H···O interactions are also responsible for crystal packing. The 3D Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint plots were used to examine the nature of intermolecular interaction. The 2D fingerprint maps indicate that the interactions between H···H contribute to 48.9 % of the total crystal stability. The newly synthesized material was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In addition, the vibrational study of the synthesized molecule was performed using FTIR analysis. The grown crystal in linear optical characteristics were examined via a UV–Visible-NIR study. The photoluminescence (PL) activity of a MEMPI was studied with respect to the visible area and green colour emission was observed at 536 nm. The estimated CIE coordinates on the RGB colour gamut show the MEMPI crystal's ability to emit green light. The chemical etching approach was used to analyse the etch pit density and the growth habitat of the MEMPI crystal. The closed and open aperture Z-scan tests were carried out to determine the nature of third-order NLO susceptibility of the MEMPI crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reactivity of pyran-2,4‑dione 1 towards primary and secondary amines was examined. • β -enamino-pyran-2,4-diones 2, 3 were obtained in case of primary amines. • For secondary amines, the ion pair organic salts 4, 5 were the final product. • Crystallographic and Hirshfeld analyses for 2 and 4 were presented. • These compounds have interesting activity against S. aureus and C. albicans. The reactivity of pyran-2,4‑dione 1 towards primary amines (propylamine and p -toluidine) and secodary amines (morpholine and piperidine) were investigated. The reactions were proceeded by replacement of the external alcoholic hydroxyl group with primary amine accompanied by loss of water molecule to give β -enamino-pyran-2,4-diones 2 and 3. In case of secondary amines, a transfer of the phenolic proton of pyrone ring to the secondary amine nitrogen leading to the formation of the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts of morpholine 4 and piperidine 5, respectively. The X-ray single crystal structures of 2 and 4 proved with no doubt the proposed structure based on the spectral characterization. The percentages of the H...H, O...H, and C...H interactions are in the range of 49.2–50.6 %, 19.6–19.8 and 27.6–28.6 %, respectively in case of 2 based on Hirshfeld topology analysis. For the two cationic units in 4 , the C...H (15.9–18.5 %), H...H (42.9–43.1) and O...H (38.2–40.5 %) are the most important. The two anionic units showed different types of intermolecular interactions. In one unit, the O...H (23.4 %), C...H (28.4 %) and C...C (1.3 %) contacts are the most important while in the other anionic unit the O...H (23.3 %), C...H (26.7 %), C...O (5.7 %) and C...C (1.6 %) interactions are the most significant. The inhibition zones of 1 (18 mm), 4 (22 mm), and 5 (20 mm) indicated greater activity against S. aureus , compared to streptomycin (16 mm) and neomycin (13 mm). Compounds 1–5 showed nearly two-fold as much antifungicidal activity against C. albicans compared to some conventional medicines such as Neomycin and Streptomycin. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Structural and electronic properties of 2-phenoxy-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline (PTQ) are investigated. • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals PTQ's molecular geometry and crystal packing. • DFT calculations provide insights into PTQ's electronic properties and reactivity. • Hirshfeld surface analysis identifies key intermolecular interactions in PTQ's crystal. • In silico studies suggest potential antihistamine activity for PTQ. This study presents a comprehensive structural and computational investigation of 2-phenoxy-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a ]quinazoline (PTQ), a compound with promising pharmacological potential. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis revealed the molecular geometry and crystal packing, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into electronic properties and reactivity. Hirshfeld surface analysis elucidated intermolecular interactions, highlighting hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and π–π stacking as crucial factors in crystal stability. Fingerprint analysis quantified these interactions, revealing the dominance of hydrogen contacts and the significance of hydrogen bonds and C–H···π interactions. Void analysis identified potential areas for inclusion complex formation. Frontier molecular orbital analysis and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping identified potential electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, guiding future reactivity studies. Furthermore, in silico ADMET and molecular docking studies were performed to assess the drug-likeness and potential antihistamine activity of PTQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of new (Z)−6-(((4-chlorobenzyl) amino) methylene)−2-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone was presented. • X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to explore zwitterionic and quinoidal configurations. • Hirshfeld surface and 2D-finger print analysis were performed. • DFT computational studies were carried out. • Molecular docking studies were reported. The stable NH-form of the Schiff base compound, (Z)-6-(((4-chlorobenzyl) amino) methylene)-2-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDAX anlysis and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Structural analysis was carried out to examine the NH-form of the halogen-based Schiff base compound. Additionally, an analysis of bond lengths, based on previously reported NH-forms of other Schiff bases, was conducted to distinguish between the zwitterion and quinoid structures. Further, Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to visualize and quantify intermolecular interactions, supported by shape index, 2D fingerprint plots, and Enrichment ratio analyzes, highlighting the importance of these interactions. Energy frameworks were established to deepen the understanding of crystal packing through the computation of intermolecular interaction energies. QTAIM analysis was performed to visualize and quantify intramolecular interactions, while Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies elucidated molecular properties such as the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and its derivatives. Evaluation of antibacterial activity against S. aureus was conducted via the disc diffusion assay supplemented by molecular docking studies. This comprehensive approach provides valuable structural insights into the NH-form, as well as molecular and biological aspects of (Z)-6-(((4-chlorobenzyl) amino) methylene)-2-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Benzamide derivative ligands were synthesized and characterized. • Mononuclear and heteronuclear cobalt complexes were obtained. • Heterometallic trinuclear cobalt-potassium complexes were characterized by SC-XRD. • The intermolecular interactions of ligand and cobalt-potassium complex were determined. • The catalytic properties of cobalt complexes were exhibited with molecular oxygen. Two NNN- type benzamide derivative ligands { N,N' -(2,2′-azenidiyl- bis (2,1-phenylene))dicyclohexanecarboxamide (H 3 LcyHex) and N,N' -(2,2′-azenidiyl- bis (2,1-phenylene))dicyclobutanecarboxamide (H 3 LcyBu)} that incorporate N -amidate donors have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR techniques. Subsequently, heterometallic trinuclear cobalt-potassium complexes, [K 2 (DMF) 6 Co(HL) 2 ] (KCyBu and KCyHex) and mononuclear cobalt complexes with complementary tetraethylammonium ions, [Et 4 N] 2 [Co(HL) 2 ] (ECyBu and ECyHex), both incorporating these ligands, have been synthesized. Suitable crystals for single-crystal X-ray diffraction of H 3 LcyHex and KCyBu have been characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Intermolecular interactions play a major role in the formation of the supramolecular architecture in the crystal lattice of compounds. The supramolecular structures in H 3 LcyHex are formed through intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅O, CH⋅⋅⋅π, CH⋅⋅⋅O/N, and CH⋅⋅⋅N interactions, and those in KCyBu are generated by CH⋅⋅⋅π and CH⋅⋅⋅O intermolecular interactions. The amphoteric properties exhibited by new cobalt-oxygen species produced through the reaction of cobalt complexes with molecular oxygen were examined by their electrophilic reactivity in the conversion of triphenylphosphine (PPh 3) to triphenylphosphoxide (OPPh 3) and their nucleophilic reactivities in the deformylation reaction of 2-phenylpropionaldehyde (2-PPA) to acetophenone (catalyst/substrate ratio, 1:100). In the catalytic activity results, it was observed that the cobalt-oxygen complexes have an amphoteric feature due to their good reactivity in both reactions. Graphical abstract - Synopsis Benzamide derivative ligands were synthesized and characterized. Mononuclear and heteronuclear cobalt complexes were obtained. Heterometallic trinuclear cobalt-potassium complexes were characterized by single-crystal XRD. The intermolecular interactions of the ligand and cobalt-potassium complex were determined. The catalytic properties of the cobalt complexes were exhibited with molecular oxygen. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GO is one of promising materials in biomedical applications. • Efficient interactions of GO with both drug and environment are key factors in drug delivery systems preparation. • Size of the GO model have no significant impact on the interaction energy with other molecule on the graphene flake edges. • Substituent number, position and configuration play a key role in H-bonds formation and their magnitude upon hydration. The biomedical applications of graphene-based materials become one of hot scientific and technological topics in the last few years. Flake graphene oxide (GO) is considered as one of the promising materials for biomedical use due to a number of specific properties, in particular in design of advanced drug delivery systems (DDS). The key factor in the formation of non-covalently bonded complexes for drug transport is the strength of non-covalent interactions of the carrier with both the drug and the environment. In the current work, we have focused on molecular modeling of solvation of zigzag-edged graphene oxide, functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl substituents. The hydration was determined from the magnitude of weak intermolecular interactions of GO with one or two water molecules. Our goal was to establish the dependence of the degree and type of functionalization, as well as the size of graphene flakes and the position of hydrophilic substituents on the number and strength of H-bonds. All calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYPD3BJ/6-311++G** level. The effect of water solvent was established using an explicit (discrete) model of solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Hydroxy-1-acetonaphthone-ethanesulfonylhydrazone was investigated by X-ray diffraction. • Anti-cholinesterase activity of sulfonylhydrazone compounds were evaluated. • NLO, DFT properties and molecular docking studies were calculated. • The predictive properties of compounds in terms of drug similarity were scanned. In this study, the inhibitory activities of three different sulfonylhydrazone compounds (Anaf-salesh, Anaf-salpsh, Anaf-salbsh) obtained by using different alkyl sulfonic acid hydrazide and 2-Hydroxy-1-acetonaphthone on Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were examined. Among these compounds, 2-Hydroxy-1- acetonaphthone-ethanesulfonylhydrazone was investigated by X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the Triclinic system, space group P -1, a = 8.754(6), b = 9.042(7), c = 10.905(8) Å, α = 71.88(2)°, β= 76.27(2)°, γ = 62.35(2)° V(Å3)= 722.2 (9), Z = 2. Crystallographic results were evaluated using the B3LYP/6-311++G** basis set and strong intermolecular interactions were observed. According to inhibition studies on enzymes, all synthesized compounds showed inhibitory effects on AChE and BChE enzymes. In particular, Anaf-salbsh exhibited the best activity with an IC 50 value of 11.51±0.21 μM on AchE and 2,45±0.24 μM BChE. The Molecules were optimized by DFT/B3LYP functionality and using the 6-311G ++ (d, p) basis set. Then, their activities against biological materials namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (PDB ID: 4PQE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (PDB ID: 6ESY) were compared. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding interactions between the compounds and the enzymes. Molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding interactions between the Anaf-salbsh compound, which demonstrates the best anticholinesterase inhibitor among the compounds, and both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This analysis provided valuable insights into the underlying binding mechanisms. Subsequently, ADME properties were investigated to test the drug properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study investigated the influence of the number of fluorine atoms on the energy, safety properties, and crystal packing of energetic materials. The addition of fluorine atoms reduces the safety attributes of the compound under consideration and reveals a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing energy levels. • The conflict between energy and safety has been recognized as a challenge that can be mitigated through thoughtful design and confirmed through empirical testing. Developing high-energy, low-sensitivity energetic materials has long been a primary goal in this field. This article explores fluorine-containing energetic materials based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The study examines the impact of the number of fluorine atoms on the stability, energy, and crystal stacking of energetic materials. The results show that with the increase of the number of fluorine atoms, the stability of energetic materials gradually decreases. However, 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (A2) showed abnormal behavior and better stability compared to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (A1). With increasing fluorine atoms, the detonation velocity and pressure of energetic materials initially rise before declining. Energetic materials have varying nitrogen and oxygen contents, and the number of fluorine atoms in compounds with the highest detonation velocity and pressure also varies. The intermolecular interactions facilitated by fluorine atoms in crystal stacking include intermolecular hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of future energetic or fluorinated materials. Compound A2 was synthesized through a one-step nitration process using 1,3-difluorobenzene as the raw material, and its structure was confirmed. Compound A2 demonstrates consistent safety characteristics as anticipated: a thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 400 °C, impact sensitivity of 50 J, and friction sensitivity of 360 N. It has been established that there is potential for coordinating high energy content with safety features in energetic materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• a new phenothiazine-based chalcone derivative PTPNP was synthesized • aggregation-induced emission enhancement behavior was found • nonplanar PTPNP molecules loosely packed together with numerous weak intermolecular interactions • PTPNP showed high-contrast mechanofluorochromism In the current work, a new AIE-active D-π-A chalcone derivative PTPNP ((E)-3-(4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)phenyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) based on phenothiazine has been synthesized and characterized, whose crystal structure and photophysical properties were well investigated. Single crystal analysis indicated that nonplanar PTPNP molecules packed loosely together with numerous weak intermolecular interactions. Upon grinding, the ordered crystalline changed into amorphous ones, accompanying with a remarkable color change (from green to orange) and the fluorescence emission was red-shifted to 625 nm from 536 nm, which was ascribed to reversible phase conversion between crystalline and amorphous phase. Powder X-ray diffraction experiments (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results supported the interesting mechanofluorochromism. The current studies provided valuable information for designing new high-contrast mechanofluorochromic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• π-conjugated borate derivatives could be used to make anti-counterfeiting communication notes with self-erasing function. • The different MC properties of PYB, PEB and ANB were closely related to the molecular packing mode in solid state. • The reverse partial parallel stacking pattern of PYB and PEB crystals could be formed through the synergistic interaction of π-π and σ-π. We prepared three π-conjugated pinacol borate derivatives anthryl dioxaborolane (ANB), pyrenyl dioxaborolane (PYB) and perylenyl dioxaborolane (PEB) based on anthracene, pyrene and perylene moieties, and studied their optical properties in solid and solution. Interestingly, the three molecules were structurally similar, yet exhibited different optical properties and mechanochromic behavior. Crystal structure studies showed that the mechanical fluorescent response of ANB, PYB and PEB were closely related to the molecular packing modes. Although there were multiple π-π and σ-π interactions in all three molecules, the conjugation degree of ANB was relatively low, resulting in a weak π-π interaction. Therefore, the effective partial parallel packing between adjacent ANB could not form in the initial state, and external mechanical stimulation could not induce the change of optical properties. In PYB and PEB molecules with a high conjugation degree, the π-π interaction was stronger. A partial parallel packing state was formed between the molecules under the synergistic action of π-π and σ-π interaction. Under external disturbance, the relative slippage between molecules was easy to occur. Thus, the characteristic static excimer fluorescence was displayed due to the enhancement of parallel packing. Since the intermolecular interactions of PYB and PEB were a kind of weak non-covalent forces, the packing state changed by external force could return to the initial state at room temperature, showing reversible mechanochromic characteristic. This kind of room temperature reversible force sensitive material constructed by weak non-covalent interactions was expected to be applied and popularized in the fields of encrypted communication and anti-counterfeiting display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two novel heteronuclear complexes of Cu(II) and Cd(II) have been successfully synthesized. • A square planar geometry around Cu(II) and a trigonal prismatic geometry around Cd(II) ion is confirmed by SC-XRD. • Intermolecular interactions within the complex were facilitated by weak H-bonding and π···π stacking interactions. • Theoretical studies revealed that both compounds are stable due to a reduced SOMO-LUMO energy gap. Two novel heteronuclear salen-type complexes, CuL1-CdCl 2 and CuL2-CdI 2 , have been successfully synthesized and characterized. The characterization processes utilized single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental, and FT-IR analysis, revealing the structural properties of the complexes. In both complexes, the Cu(II) ion exhibited an approximate square planar geometry (CuN 2 O 2), where the deprotonated phenoxide-type ligand L2− coordinated to form N 2 O 2. Conversely, For CuL1-CdCl 2 , the Cd(II) ion displayed a trigonal prismatic geometry, surrounded by two chlorine atoms and four oxygen atoms. Intermolecular and intramolecular interactions within the complex were facilitated by C H···Cl, C H···N, and C H···O hydrogen bondings. For CuL2-CdCl 2 , the Cd(II) ion displayed a trigonal prismatic geometry, surrounded by two iodine atoms and four oxygen atoms. Intermolecular interactions within the complex were facilitated by weak C H···I hydrogen bonding, while the overall stability of the framework was ensured through weak π···π stacking interactions. According to the Hirshfeld surface analysis results, the H···H contacts constitute a large part of the total surface area for both complexes; this highlights the importance of hydrogen bond interactions in stabilizing the crystal arrangement. The theoretical analysis of the complexes was executed by using Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional for the exchange component and the Lee-Yang-Parr (LYP) correlation function with the LanL2DZ basis set to achieve the optimized geometrical parameters. The results showed that experimental and theoretical calculations were in agreement. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Structural investigation of sulfonamide derivative using crystal X-ray diffraction technique. • N H...S and C-Br...S interaction is studied. • HOMO-LUMO and MEP analysis helped to understand the physical properties of the molecule. • The nature of non-covalent bonding characteristics were revealed by the QTAIM and NCI analysis. In this research paper, the compound (E)-2-(4-bromobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (NC2) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and crystal structure was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed the relative contributions of different intermolecular interactions to crystal packing, while the 2D fingerprint plots provided a visual representation of the intermolecular interactions via the surface area corresponding to each type of interaction. The findings revealed that the crystal packing of the molecule is mostly determined by H...H, C-Br...S and N H...S interactions. We investigated the structural and electronic properties of the compound NC2 using density functional theory (DFT). The optimized geometry, total energy, HOMO-LUMO gap, and vibrational spectra were calculated at the ωB97X/6–311+ G (d,p) level of theory. The calculated results showed that the molecule has a stable geometry with a trans-conformation. The HOMO-LUMO gap of 3.813 eV indicates that the molecule has moderate stability. The nature of noncovalent interactions are investigated using the methods reduced density gradient (RDG) and topology analysis like quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) proposed by Bader et al. The compound NC2 is found to adhere to the Lipinski's rule of five and exhibit good pharmacokinetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Controlled synthesis of solvates of ionic two component crystals. • Structure analyses of the reported crystal forms. • Hirshfeld studies of reported crystal forms. • Mechano and vapochromic studies of reported crystal forms. Investigation of the intermolecular interactions and crystal packing to understand crystal growth is a prime objective of crystal engineering. Solvent molecules within crystal assist the supramolecular aggregation, however, control over their lattice incorporation remains uncertain. In this work, we report three solvates of an ionic organic salt of a diazo-naphthol sulfonate (1) and 1,10-phenanthroline with one (2), three (3) and four (4) lattice water molecules. Attempts to isolate the dihydrate form were unsuccessful, while the monohydrate of 1 has been crystallised for comparative structural investigations. Structural studies reveal the existence of intriguing sulfonate-diazo intermolecular interactions responsible for centrosymmetric dimerization of the organosulfonate 1 , which also persist in 2–4 , validating higher preference and robustness of the synthon. Repetitive aggregation of the sulfonate-diazo interaction in 1 leads to the formation of linear π-stacked aggregate, which further aggregates through the lattice water molecules. The structural comparison indicates the preferential formation of the organo-sulfonate dimers in hydrated salts 2–4. Further, sandwich tetramers in 2 and 4 are formed by charge transfer interaction of the organo-sulfonate dimers with pyridinium coformer on either side, which are further associated by the lattice water molecules into disparately packed 3-dimensional supramolecules. The organo-sulfonates in 3 form a similar type of extended π-stacked chains as in 1 , which are flanked by pyridinium ions to form hydrogen-bonded tapes, which are helped by the lattice water molecules to grow as segregated stacked layer solid. The characteristic absorption frequency of the diazo functionality is blue-shifted in infrared spectra of the cocrystal forms, indicating the presence of charge transfer interactions. The presence of dynamic solvent and protons in the lattice makes the solid forms multi-stimuli-responsive to exhibit mechano and vapochromic response. These phenomena have been studied in detail with the help of thermal, spectroscopic, and powder-diffraction studies. Understanding the hydration in salt solvates is an interesting phenomenon as well as exciting has been thoroughly studied. The compounds have been utilized for sensing of ammonia and other multistimuli responsive behaviour. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new spirohydantoin was synthesized and characterized. • A bilayer structure is formed via hydrogen bonds, C–H∙∙∙π, lp∙∙∙π and π∙∙∙π interactions. • The highest stabilization comes from the motif with the paired N–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds. • HOMO is mainly over the hydantoin and cyclohexyl rings; LUMO is on the benzoyl group. • The global reactivity descriptors indicate the soft nature of the molecule. Providing structural information on drug-like compounds is a significant step in efforts to develop innovative drugs with balanced solubility, cell permeability and target binding. In this paper, a new cyclohexane-5-spirohydantoin tethered with a 4‑tert-butylbenzoyl group was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to gain a preliminary insight into the proportion and nature of the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure, while their quantitative description is further presented in terms of a systematic analysis of dimeric motifs representing different recognition modes. A combination of N–H∙∙∙O and C(sp3)–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds, C(sp3)–H∙∙∙π, lone-pair∙∙∙π and π∙∙∙π stacking interactions links the molecules into a bilayer having two carbonyl O atoms exposed to the exterior. Further stacking of the bilayers occurs through C(sp3)–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds involving these O atoms as acceptors, C(sp3)–H∙∙∙π and π∙∙∙π stacking interactions between the phenyl groups. The molecular electrostatic potential surface map reveals that the carbonyl O atoms of the hydantoin ring and the phenyl ring are electrophilic centers, while the N1–H1 group is a nucleophilic center. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies were used to semiquantitatively estimate the global reactivity descriptors suggesting the soft nature of the molecule. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three novel 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazoles were obtained by oxidative CuAAC reaction. • Crystal structure of the compounds was determined by Single-crystal X-ray studies. • π−π stacking and C–H–N triazole-methylene interactions were detected. • -Above interactions define the crystal packing. • Hirshfeld surface analysis and global descriptors calculations confirm these facts. The structures of diverse 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazoles were analyzed by the conventional spectroscopic techniques and corroborated by X-ray diffraction analyses. In addition, Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out on these compounds, highlighting the presence of π−π stacking interactions together with a C–H–N triazole-methylene interaction observed in compound 3 as the main intermolecular interactions which define the crystal packing and supramolecular network in these compounds. Further theoretical calculations of global descriptors and molecular electrostatic maps demonstrate a charge distribution connecting phenyl substituents, triazole ring and the triple bond which is related to π−π stacking interactions supporting experimental observations. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A salamo‐like oligo(N,O-donor) ligand H3L has been synthesized. • Unusual di-nuclear Mn(III) and tetra-nuclear Cd(II) complexes have been successfully self-assembled. • The hexa-coordinated Mn(III) and Cd(II) atoms in complexes 1 & 2 form slightly distorted octahedral geometries. • Theoretical calculations and fluorescence properties of H3L and complexes 1 and 2 were also investigated. The self-assembled di-nuclear Mn(III) & tetra-nuclear Cd(II) salamo-like oligo(N,O-donor) complexes, [Mn 2 (L) 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 ]·4CH 3 OH (1) and [Cd 4 (L) 2 (η -OAc) 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 ] (2) have been constructed successfully applying the measure of solvent evaporation and characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction analyses of single crystal, IR & UV visible analyses. The single crystals of the salamo-like oligo(N,O-donor) compound H 3 L have been obtained by wet-chemical technique, its established structure is H 3 L∙CH 3 OH. The structure of complex 1 is centrally symmetrical, and both Mn(III) atoms are hexa-coordination and have slightly distorted octahedral geometries. There are two sets of intermolecular H-bonding interactions which are connected with adjacent units of the Mn(III) complexes and form a two-dimensional network structure. For the complex 2 , all of the Cd(II) atoms are also hexa-coordination and possess slightly twisted octahedral configurations. And five groups of intermolecular H-bonding interactions form a honeycomb shaped three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Additionally, the intermolecular interactions of H 3 L, complexes 1 and 2 have been quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis for further study. Fluorescence emission spectra of H 3 L, complexes 1 and 2 were also investigated. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane dibromide dihydrate, tetrabromozincate hydrate, and tetrabromocuprate were synthesized. • The salts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman, NMR, and DFT methods. • The water molecules bridge cation and anion in the studied salt. • Based on the σ-hole concept, intermolecular interactions were described. • The O-H···Br and C-H···Br interactions were characterized using QTAIM. Three gemini hydroxypyridine salts: 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane dibromide dihydrate (1), 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane tetrabromozincate hydrate (2), and 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane tetrabromocuprate (3) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman, NMR, and DFT methods. The dibromide salt (1) crystallizes with two water molecules. One of the two bromide anions is connected to the hydroxyl group of one pyridinium cation moiety through the O(10)-H(10)···Br(2)− hydrogen bond of 3.146(2) Å, while the other bromide anion, Br(1)− is surrounded by three water molecules. In 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane tetrabromozincate (2) the water molecule acts as a bridge between the hydroxypyridinium cation and the tetrabromozincate anion, while the tetrabromocuprate anion interacts directly with the hydroxypyridinium cation. The molecular structures of the studied 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane derivatives 1a, 2a, and 3a were optimized using the APF-D/6–311++G(d,p) method. The optimized structure of salt 1a resembles the crystal structure, while in salts 2a and 3a the structure of 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypyridinium)propane dication is bent to the U-form and the tetrabromomethallate anion is located in a niche. The significant role of the intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonds was revealed based on IR spectra. The interpretation of 1H and 13C NMR spectra in DMSO- d 6 was based on 2D experiments. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was employed to classify the strength of hydrogen bonds in salts 1, 2, and 3. Based on the σ-hole concept, intermolecular interactions in 2 and 3 were described. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Design and synthesis of seven 2-phenylthiazole-1,3,5-triazine derivatives. • The novel compounds were evaluated for ChE inhibitory activity, and compound 6g possessed the best AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity. • Crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations were performed to reveal the structures, molecular conformations, crystal packing modes, intermolecular interactions and their energies, chemical reactivity, and stability of 6a and 6g molecules. • Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies of compound 6g were carried out to investigate the interactions between compound 6g and AChE and the stability of their binding. • ADMET properties prediction implied the drug-like properties and safety of seven compounds. Seven 2-phenylthiazole-1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and estimated for cholinesterase inhibitory activity. All target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS, and their purity was tested by HPLC to be above 99%. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity assays determined that the majority of compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase and compound 6g displayed the best acetylcholinesterase (IC 50 = 0.26 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 0.78 μM). The structures of compounds 6a and 6g was further investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the Hirshfeld surfaces, crystal voids, and molecular energy framework analysis were further discussed to study the molecular conformations, crystal packing modes, intermolecular interactions, and their energies. What's more, the density functional theory calculations including frontier molecular orbitals, global reactivity descriptors, and molecular electrostatic potential were carried out to reveal the chemical reactivity and stability of 6a and 6g molecules. Molecular docking study indicated that compound 6g could not only interact with acetylcholinesterase but also with butyrylcholinesterase. Molecular dynamics simulations study showed that compound 6g could bind to acetylcholinesterase stably. In addition, ADMET properties prediction implied the drug-like properties and safety of seven compounds. Considering these results, several of the target compounds could work as novel cholinesterase inhibitors, and compound 6g may possess the potential to become a lead compound to develop novel anti-Alzheimer drugs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The synthesized compounds were characterized by SC-XRD, UV, FTIR, HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C{1H} NMR. • Reaction mechanisms were studied by quantum chemical calculation. • Hirshfeld surface analysis, interaction energy and energy framework calculations were determined. • The FTIR, UV and NMR spectra were studied experimentally and computationally. • Frontier molecular orbitals were plotted. In this study, we present the synthesis and structure characterization by single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD), Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) of 2-azido- N -phenethylacetamide (4) and 2-cyano- N -phenethylacetamide (6). Further, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed to get a better insight regarding the properties exhibited by the compounds. The computational chemistry has been used to explain and investigate the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 2) and concerted acyl substitution mechanisms for the synthesis of compounds 4 and 6 , respectively. Additionally, intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations confirm the transition state for these reactions. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the compounds 4 and 6 crystallized as monoclinic systems, in space group P 2 1 / c and P 2 1 / n , respectively. The Hirshfeld Surface Analysis revealed that the main contributions in the crystal packing have H···H, H···N/N···H, H···C/C···H and H···O/O···H interactions. The frontier molecular orbital energies were calculated and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 4 and 6 were 10.011 and 10.278 eV, respectively. Theoretical values of electronic transitions, vibrational frequencies and NMR chemical shifts were calculated and compared with experimental results, they all showed good results. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of a uncommon chloride-bridged salamo-type Ni(II) complex. • The TD-DFT calculation verifies the type of ultraviolet electronic transition. • Quantitative analyzes of intermolecular interactions in the crystalline structures were performed by Hirshfeld analysis. • The reaction sites were predicted by IRI, ESP and other weak interaction force analysis. What is the shape of a more flexible salamo-type ligand? Unexpectedly single crystals of the ligand and a uncommon tetranuclear chloride-bridged complex with Ni(II) [Ni 4 (L) 2 (µ 2 Cl) 2 (µ 3 OMe) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] were acquired. Single-crystal X-ray analyzes revealed the true structure of the ligand to be a twisted rectilinear shape, with a unique structure providing a diverse coordination environment for the metal ions. The involvement of halogens in the bridging is uncommon, and Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the complex showed that each deprotonated methoxy group bridges three Ni(II) metals, and then three Ni(II) metals are bridged by two chloride ions, each chloride ion bridges two Ni(II) metals. At this point the geometries of all four Ni(II) atoms adopt 6-coordinated octahedral configurations. It was demonstrated in UV–visible titration test that the metal-to-ligand ratios in solution and the structure of the complex obtained by single-crystal X-ray analysis are consistent. The properties were predicted analytically by DFT theory calculations and the UV–vis absorption spectra obtained by TD-DFT theory calculations in general coincide with the test results. The weak interactions in the complex were analyzed by cell freedom, Hirshfed surface analysis, ESP and IRI calculations. Finally, the fluorescence properties were explored in detail. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Halogen bonding play a crucial role in fluorinated N-aromatic L-proline crystals. • Fluorinated L-proline derivatives could act as receptors for anions in solution. • Theoretical studies demonstrate the non-covalent effects in L-proline derivatives. Intermolecular interactions, such as halogen bonding, π-π stacking, F...π interactions, and anion-π interactions, play pivotal roles in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biological technology. In this study, N-aromatic L-proline and its fluorinated derivatives were chosen as exemplars. X-ray diffraction and NMR techniques were employed to investigate these interactions in both solid-state and solution phases respectively. Theoretical investigations encompassing geometry optimization along with QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecule) and IGMH (Independent Gradient Model based on the Hirshfeld partition) analyses provided profound insights into the intermolecular interactions. Parameters obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals provide compelling evidence for F...F interaction with intermolecular F...F distances measuring 2.879 Å and 3.125 Å in compounds 2 and 3 crystal structures respectively. QTAIM and IGMH analyses indicate that F...π contacts significantly contribute to the formation of these two fluorinated crystals while H-bonding and CH...π contacts predominantly shape the crystal structure of the non-fluorinated L-proline derivative. F...F and F...π contacts play a significant role to control the crystal structures and anion-π interactions of some fluorinated N-aromatic L-proline derivatives, which explore new horizon for the design and application of synthetic fluorinated amino acids. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new polymorph of dianhydrodulcitol has been discovered. • Three dianhydrodulcitol polymorphs have been characterized by PXRD and other techniques. • The crystal structures of three dianhydrodulcitol polymorphs have been determined by SCXRD. • The different hydrogen-bonding structures of three dianhydrodulcitol polymorphs have been discussed. • Stability of three dianhydrodulcitol polymorphs under different conditions have been analysed. 1,2:5,6-Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), an anticancer drug with different crystal structures, is investigated in order to get a comprehensive understanding of its polymorphism. Two polymorphs of DAG were prepared by different methods using DAG form I as the starting material. The formation of new crystal forms was confirmed by means of PXRD and other characterization methods. The single crystals of three polymorphs, including a new discovered crystal form II, were prepared and studied. The crystal structure of the new crystal form II was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the difference in hydrogen bonding structure of the DAG polymorphs was analyzed. The intermolecular interactions of the DAG polymorphs were studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The stability relationship between three polymorphs under different conditions was studied. DAG form I is stable at low temperatures and form III is more stable at high temperatures. Form II is a metastable crystal form and can be transformed into the other two crystal forms by solvent-mediated crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis and characterization of 5, 7-diiodoquinoline derivatives. • Intermolecular interactions involving electronegative atoms such as I⋯F, I⋯I, and I⋯N. • Hirshfeld surface analysis and interaction energy calculations. • Insilico and in-vitro studies for antidiabetic DPP-4 inhibitory activity. 5, 7-diiodoquinoline derivatives have been synthesized and characterized to study quantitative intermolecular noncovalent interactions through theoretical and experimental investigations, particularly for interactions involving electronegative atoms like I⋯F, I⋯I, and I⋯N. X-ray crystallography and Hirshfeld surface analysis have been used to perform the quantitative assessments of non-covalent interactions. Using Crystal Explorer 17, the calculations for intermolecular interactions were completed. Further, antidiabetic in-silico and in-vitro DPP-4 inhibitory activity have been done. The silicon studies have been carried out by Schrodinger on 2OLE pdb id. The in-vitro inhibitory DPP- 4 activity was determined by observing the rate of hydrolysis of a substrate Gly-pro-p-nitroanilide taking sitagliptin as a standard drug. The molecular docking and in-vitro studies revealed that all molecules had shown significant DPP-4 inhibitory activity compared to standard drugs sitagliptin. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The molecular structures of two synthesized Cu(II)-PDA complexes have been studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. • Supramolecular networks in the crystal structures have been explored. • The noncovalent interactions are quantified through hirshfeld surface analysis. • AIM analysis and topological parameters characterize the intermolecular interactions. • Visual representation of noncovalent interactions is performed by NCI plot index. The structural study of two synthesized Cu-PDA (Cu = Copper(II), PDA = deprotonated Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) complexes has been carried out using single-crystal X-ray diffraction where complex (1) [Cu(PDA)(H 2 O) 2 ] exhibits one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular assemblies and complex (2) [Cu(PDA)(H 2 PDA)]·H 2 O exhibits 1D, 2D, and 3D (three-dimensional) supramolecular networks in their solid-state structure with the aid of intermolecular noncovalent interactions. Lone pair···π/π···lone pair networks are exclusively found in both complex (1) and (2). The intermolecular interactions are characterized through Hirshfeld surface analysis and quantified by 2D fingerprint plot. The noncovalent interactions are further characterized by Bader's theory of 'Atoms in Molecules' (AIM) and 'noncovalent interaction' (NCI) plot and the topological parameters at bond critical points (BCPs) have been evaluated. Therefore, the energetic factors to the stabilization of the crystal structure observed experimentally have been obtained by the computational calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Indolizine derivatives with fluoro, chloro, or nitro substitutions were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, LC-MS, elemental analysis, and PXRD techniques. • Crystal structure analysis revealed the crucial role of intra and inter-molecular C-H ··· O interactions in stabilizing the molecular structure as well as their crystal packing. • HS, Energy framework, FMOs, MEP, NCI, and QTAIM were carried out to evaluate the nature as well as qualitative and quantitative description of HB interactions. The diethyl 3-(4-substitutedbenzoyl)indolizine-1,2-dicarboxylates have been synthesized by reacting the electron-deficient diethyl but-2-ynedioate with 1-(2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide, the intermediates obtained from the reaction of pyridine and 4-substituted phenacyl bromides. The synthesized compounds were investigated by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), LC-MS, and elemental analysis spectroscopic methods along with PXRD. The molecular structures were determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique which revealed that 5a and 5c crystallize in triclinic space group P 1 ¯. The crystal structures of 5a and 5c preferred the C-H ··· O hydrogen-bonded dimeric ring motifs, resembling those observed in the earlier reported 5b. Furthermore, various computational analyzes such as Hirshfeld surface, Energy framework, and MEP analysis predicted the interaction site and inter-molecular interactions in these molecules. The FMOs analysis was carried out to obtain global reactivity parameters for the synthesized compounds (5a-c). The NCI and QTAIM studies revealed the nature as well as qualitative and quantitative description of intra and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions present in these molecules and their crystal packing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of 2-imino-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives via multi-step process. • Three key stages: preparation of starting material, chloroacetamido synthesis, and cyclization. • Structural determination through IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. • Comprehensive analysis of intermolecular interactions, quantum parameters, and thermodynamics. • Highlighting robust hydrogen bonds, van der waals forces, and significant hydrogen bonding capabilities. In this study, outline the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel 2-imino-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. The synthesis process is divided into three main parts. Firstly, we prepared the starting material, 2-amino-4-(substitutedphenyl)-1,3-thiazole, by reacting thiourea with substituted acetophenone in the presence of iodine. The second part involved the synthesis of 2-chloroacetamido-4-(substitutedphenyl)-1,3-thiazole through the reaction of heterocyclic amine with chloroacetyl chloride in benzene. The third part focused on the cyclization reaction of synthesized intermediate compounds, leading to the formation of a new series of desired products, namely, 2-imino-3-[4-(substitutedphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl] thiazolidin-4-ones. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined based on spectral data, including IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. Various analytical methods were employed to explore intermolecular interactions, nonlinear optical properties, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, potential energy maps, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, and thermodynamic parameters of diverse compounds. The assessment of weak intermolecular interactions using Noncovalent interactions (NCI) and reduced density gradient (RDG) methods revealed the presence of robust hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and steric effects within the compounds. Topological parameters highlighted significant hydrogen bonding capabilities among the studied compounds. Additionally, the analysis of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and other quantum chemical parameters unveiled the influence of protonation on polarization, chemical reactivity, and corrosion resistance. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analysis indicated changes in electrophilicity and nucleophilicity upon the addition of protons, altering chemical reactivity. Stabilization energies of donor-acceptor interactions, assessed through Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, provided insights into charge transfer and conjugative interactions, particularly emphasizing electron delocalization within the compounds' phenyl rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]