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Seven new terpenoids, namely, guaiane (1–4), eudesmane (5), and bisabolane (6) sesquiterpenoids and a furanone (7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ammoides atlantica, a herbaceous plant growing in Algeria, together with eight known compounds. All metabolites were characterized by their 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. A combined DFT/NMR method was applied to study the relative configurations of 1–4, 6, and 7. All compounds, except 2, were assayed against MCF-7, A375, A549, HaCaT, and Jurkat cell lines. Compounds 8, 10, and 11induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability with different potency on almost all cell lines used. The most active compounds, 8and 10, were studied to assess their potential apoptotic effects and cell cycle inhibition.

Four new triterpenoid bidesmosidic saponins (1–4) and a sesquiterpenoid glucoside (5), together with nine known phenolic compounds (6–14), were isolated from the fruits of Elaeagnus umbellata. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. The antioxidant capability of the isolated compounds was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts. Compound 6decreased ROS production and promoted cell proliferation. It also counteracted the cell cycle blockade induced by a low concentration of H2O2decreasing the expression of p21 and CDKN2A (p16INK4A). Compound 6decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in response to inflammatory stimuli, supporting its possible use in periodontitis lesions.

Ten new iridoid glycosides (1–10) and two new monoterpenoids (11and 12), together with nine known compounds (13–21), were isolated from the n-butanol extract of the aerial parts of Anarrhinum pedatum. The structural characterization of all compounds was performed by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. The isolates were assayed for their antiangiogenic activity by two in vivo models, using zebrafish embryos and chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The results showed that among the new compounds 6′-O-menthiafoloylmussaenosidic acid-11-(5-O-β-d-fructopyranosyl) ester (9) exhibited the most potent antiangiogenic activity in both the zebrafish embryos and CAM assays, reducing the growth of blood vessels. Antiangiogenic effects were also observed for the known compounds 6-O-nerol-8-oyl-antirrinoside (13), antirrinoside (14), 6-O-trans-and cis-p-coumaroyl antirrinoside (15), and (6S)-2E-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoic acid β-glucopyranosyl ester (18).

Four new flavonol glycosides (1–4), two oligosaccharides (5, 6), one α-ionone (7), and three triterpenoid saponins (8–10), together with four known secondary metabolites (11–14), were isolated from the aerial parts of Polygala flavescensssp. flavescens. All structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The isolates were assayed for their inhibitory activity against isoform 5 of human lactate dehydrogenase, and compound 11(3,6′-di-O-sinapoylsucrose) showed an IC50value of 90.4 μM. Modeling studies were carried out to suggest the putative interaction mode of compound 11in the enzyme active site.