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We evaluated the efficacy of interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) using Iodine (I) seeds for treatment of papillary tumors of the pineal region. Between September 2003 and September 2010, four patients (M/F = 2/2; median age, 57.3 years; range 29.2-69.1 years) with papillary tumors of the pineal region underwent IBT using I seeds. Before brachytherapy two patients underwent endoscopic ventriculo-cisternotomy, because of occlusive hydrocephalus, and subsequent microsurgical resection was performed on one; three patients were primarily treated with IBT. Median tumor volume was 3.3 ml (range 1.6-4 ml), the tumor surface dose ranged between 50 and 65 Gy. For three patients the seeds were implanted permanently whereas one patient received temporary implants (28 days). The median follow-up time was 53.6 months (range 13-103.4 months). After brachytherapy, follow-up MR images revealed complete remission in one patient, partial remission in two, and stable disease in the remaining patient. Neurological status improved in all patients (reduced headache and nausea/vomiting for four patients; improvement of oculomotor dysfunction for two of three patients partially and for one of three patients completely). Neither treatment-related morbidity nor mortality was observed. Our results are indicative of good local control of papillary tumors of the pineal region after IBT, without treatment-related morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]