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l-glutamate (Glu) is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with motor behavior and sensory perception. While microdialysis methods have been used to record tonic levels of Glu, little is known about the more rapid changes in Glu signals that may be observed in awake rats. We have reported acute recording methods using enzyme-based microelectrode arrays (MEA) with fast response time and low detection levels of Glu in anesthetized animals with minimal interference. The current paper concerns modification of the MEA design to allow for reliable measures in the brain of conscious rats. In this study, we characterized the effects of chronic implantation of the MEA into the brains of rats. We were capable of measuring Glu levels for 7 days without loss of sensitivity. We performed studies of tail-pinch induced stress, which caused a robust biphasic increase in Glu. Histological data show chronic implantation of the MEAs caused minimal injury to the CNS. Taken together, our data show that chronic recordings of tonic and phasic Glu can be carried out in awake rats for up to 17 days in vivo allowing longer term studies of Glu regulation in behaving rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on an abstract of the paper "Analysis of Migration and Differentiation of Mouse Hindbrain Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in Flat Culture System," which will be presented at the 30th meeting of the American Society for Neurochemistry from March 14-17, 1999 in Louisiana. The paper findings highlight that oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the central nervous system of a human body.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "L-Glutamic Acid - Endogenic Differentiation Factor of HL-60 Cells." The research shows that L-Glutamic acid (L-Glu) is known to be the important neuromediator in the central nervous system and is acting through different types of glutamate receptors. The research finds that L-Glu decreased the expression level of mRNA of IL-1 and IL-6, and increased the expression of mRNA of TNF-a.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Effects of Ammonia on Glutamate (glt-1 and glast) Transporter Expression in Cultured Astrocytes." It concludes that pathogenesis of central nervous system dysfunction in hyperammonemic disorders such as urea cycle enzymopathies and HE may act as factor in increasing extracellular concentrations of glutamate.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Vinpocetine Inhibits Glutamate and Aspartate Release Evoked by the Elevation of Internal Sodium." The study was aimed at understanding the mechanism understanding underlying mechanism for neuroprotective action of vinpocetine in the Central Nervous System.