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To investigate whether primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) represents part of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal dementia (ALS–FTD) spectrum of diseases. Comprehensive assessment was taken on 21 patients with PLS and results were compared to patients diagnosed with pure motor ALS (n = 27) and ALS–FTD (n = 12). Clinical features, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) scores, Motor Neuron Disease Behaviour (Mind-B) scores, motor disability on the ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS) and survival times were documented. Motor cortex excitability was evaluated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Global cognition was impaired in PLS (mean total ACE score 82.5 ± 13.6), similar to ALS–FTD (mean total ACE score 76.3 ± 7.7, p > 0.05) while behavioural impairments were not prominent. TMS revealed that resting motor threshold (RMT) was significantly higher in PLS (75.5 ± 6.2) compared ALS–FTD (50.1 ± 7.2, p

Telemedicine refers to the transfer of medical information from one site to another using distance communications technology. This approach has benefitted many medical specialties, with telestroke being a prelude to its applications in neurology. Our review will focus on the use of telemedicine in neurological practice (teleneurology) following a brief discussion of telestroke. Given the emerging nature of trial evidence in teleneurology, our aim is to provide a narrative review and highlight areas that merit further investigation.