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Background: Periapical surgery has been suggested as a treatment option for teeth with periapical lesions when those lesions continue despite receiving root canal therapy. Since sealing the apical region is the operation's primary goal, the choice of the root-end filling material affects how the surgery turns out. The retrofilling materials Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) and Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are both known to have antibacterial characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine how MTA affects as a Modulator of Periapical Tissue Healing through histological examination in Rat Molar. Methods: A dental fissure bur measuring 0.7 mm is used to remove the buccal root apex from the buccal alveolar bone's surface, creating the cavity. One of the following is placed within each cavity: Group 1: MTA, Group 2: ZOE. For each material series, six samples were used. We classified the healing outcomes for each MTA and ZOE retrograde filling material into three groups based on histological analysis: the amount of newly generated bone, the number of fibroblasts, and the infiltration of neutrophils into the surgical site. Results: On the 6th day of examination, fibroblasts were seen in the area around the wound. A significant inflammatory response, including neutrophil infiltration, was seen around the ZOE after retrograde filling. On the 16th day, the new alveolar bone structure showed a slight increase. After filling the MTA on the 6th day of examination, the immediate inflammatory response was insignificant. Neutrophils were observed to enter the region surrounding the retrofilled MTA, and a small number of osteoclasts were observed to be resorbing bone. Around the wound site, fibroblasts can also be detected. On the 16th day, unlike ZOE, a lot of new bone grows close to this material. Conclusion: MTA has the ability to modulate periapical healing in rat molar.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) not only work as enzymes but also as degrading enzymes that have been shown to play an important function in extracellular matrix (ECM) regeneration, including bone regeneration. To generate new bone tissue, bone regeneration or repair relies on a series of regulated processes in which MMPs play an important role. Bone cells express the MMPs in an active state, and these MMPs are assumed to have a crucial role, not only for the viability and functionality of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes but also for the formation and development of chondrocytes. Objective: This study aimed to review and present the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in bone regeneration. Methods: An analysis of the scientific literature on the topics of matrix metalloproteinases in bone regeneration was done on PubMed and Google Scholar. Search results were screened for articles that described or investigated the impacts matrix metalloproteinases have on bones in relation to dentistry. The journals' cited papers were also assessed for relevance and included if they complied with the criteria for inclusion. Accessibility to the full document was one of the prerequisites for admission. Result: Bone regeneration are intricate ongoing processes involving numerous MMPs, especially MMP 2, 9 and 13. MMP-2 appears to alter bone growth through influencing osteoclast and osteoblast activity and proliferation, MMP-9-deficient animals have abnormal bone formation exclusively during endochondral ossification, MMP 13 is responsible for osteoclast receptor activation, has been linked to the breakdown bone resorption. Conclusions: MMP 2, 9, and 13 play a major protective role in osteogenesis and bone regeneration.